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训练 4 体裁：记叙文 主题：中华文化 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率： /15
新素养·文化意识 During the Spring Festival in China, on the doors and windows of Chinese homes, you often see the bright red character fu posted upside down. There were many stories about the 1 for posting the character fu upside down. One of them is that the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang 2 soldiers to post the character fu on the doors of some houses as a mark and decided to 3 someone in the families.
In order to stop too many killings, the 4 Empress(皇后) Ma made all the families post the character fu on their doors before dawn(黎明). Certainly, no one dared to say no to Empress Ma's will, 5 the character fu was posted on the door of every house. Among 6, some families were illiterate(不识字的) and they finally 7 the character fu upside down.
The next day, the emperor sent soldiers to catch the victims, but they 8 that every family had the character fu posted on the door, while a few families did it upside down. Upon hearing the 9, the emperor got angry, and quickly ordered soldiers to put the families with the character fu upside down to 10. Just at the time, the Empress 11 went to talk to the emperor, "The families know that you are visiting today and deliberately(故意) put the 12 upside down. Doesn't this 13 'fu dao'(literally meaning blessing comes)?" Then the emperor ordered soldiers to set those people 14 as he thought the explanation did make sense(有道理). 15 then, some people have put up the character fu upside down during the Chinese New Year.
1. A. reason
B. result
C. course
D. excuse
2. A. listened
B. ordered
C. agreed
D. stopped
3. A. kick
B. kill
C. greet
D. guess
4. A. pretty
B. clever
C. rich
D. kind
5. A. so
B. if
C. but
D. because
6. A. them
B. you
C. us
D. him
7. A. pick up
B. meet up
C. put up
D. get up
8. A. discovered
B. promised
C. realized
D. understood
9. A. story
B. advice
C. report
D. news
10. A. use
B. death
C. work
D. test
11. A. slowly
B. hurriedly
C. suddenly
D. angrily
12. A. picture
B. homework
C. art
D. character
13. A. mean
B. serve
C. create
D. respect
14. A. back
B. down
C. safe
D. free
15. A. Since
B. From
C. By
D. After
新素养·文化意识 During the Spring Festival in China, on the doors and windows of Chinese homes, you often see the bright red character fu posted upside down. There were many stories about the 1 for posting the character fu upside down. One of them is that the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang 2 soldiers to post the character fu on the doors of some houses as a mark and decided to 3 someone in the families.
In order to stop too many killings, the 4 Empress(皇后) Ma made all the families post the character fu on their doors before dawn(黎明). Certainly, no one dared to say no to Empress Ma's will, 5 the character fu was posted on the door of every house. Among 6, some families were illiterate(不识字的) and they finally 7 the character fu upside down.
The next day, the emperor sent soldiers to catch the victims, but they 8 that every family had the character fu posted on the door, while a few families did it upside down. Upon hearing the 9, the emperor got angry, and quickly ordered soldiers to put the families with the character fu upside down to 10. Just at the time, the Empress 11 went to talk to the emperor, "The families know that you are visiting today and deliberately(故意) put the 12 upside down. Doesn't this 13 'fu dao'(literally meaning blessing comes)?" Then the emperor ordered soldiers to set those people 14 as he thought the explanation did make sense(有道理). 15 then, some people have put up the character fu upside down during the Chinese New Year.
1. A. reason
B. result
C. course
D. excuse
2. A. listened
B. ordered
C. agreed
D. stopped
3. A. kick
B. kill
C. greet
D. guess
4. A. pretty
B. clever
C. rich
D. kind
5. A. so
B. if
C. but
D. because
6. A. them
B. you
C. us
D. him
7. A. pick up
B. meet up
C. put up
D. get up
8. A. discovered
B. promised
C. realized
D. understood
9. A. story
B. advice
C. report
D. news
10. A. use
B. death
C. work
D. test
11. A. slowly
B. hurriedly
C. suddenly
D. angrily
12. A. picture
B. homework
C. art
D. character
13. A. mean
B. serve
C. create
D. respect
14. A. back
B. down
C. safe
D. free
15. A. Since
B. From
C. By
D. After
答案
1. A 根据下文可知,本文讲述了关于倒贴“福”字的原因的故事。故选A。
2. B 根据空前“the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang”可知皇帝朱元璋下令贴“福”字。故选B。
3. B 根据下文“In order to stop too many killings”可知朱元璋下令杀害这些家庭中的某人。故选B。
4. D 根据空前“In order to stop too many killings”可知马皇后想要阻止太多的杀戮,由此可知她是善良的。故选D。
5. A 句意:当然没有人敢对马皇后的意愿说不,所以每家每户的门上都贴上了“福”字。前后句是因果关系,前因后果。故选A。
6. A 句意:他们中的一些家庭因为不识字,最终将“福”字倒贴。此处用them指代上文提到的所有人家。故选A。
7. C pick up 拿起,举起；meet up 碰头,相聚；put up 张贴,搭建；get up 起床,起立。根据空后“the character fu upside down”可知把“福”字倒贴了。故选C。
8. A 根据空后“every family had the character fu posted on the door”可知他们发现每家门上都贴着“福”字。故选A。
9. C 根据上文“every family had the character fu posted on the door, while a few families did it upside down”可知此处指士兵向皇帝报告后,他很生气。故选C。
10. B 根据空前“the emperor got angry”和下文“Then the emperor ordered soldiers to set those people 14 as he thought the explanation did make sense.”可知皇帝很生气,下令杀死那些倒贴“福”字的人家。故选B。
11. B 结合文章内容可知,马皇后听到皇帝要杀掉那些倒贴“福”字的人家,急忙去劝说皇帝。故选B。
12. D 结合文章内容可知,此处指“福”这个字被贴倒了。故选D。
13. A 根据语境“Doesn't this 13 'fu dao'”并结合常识可知,倒贴的“福”字意味着“福到”。故选A。
14. D 根据空后“as he thought the explanation did make sense”可知皇帝认为这个解释很合理,才下令放了那些人；set...free 表示“释放”。故选D。
15. A 句意:自那之后,一些人在中国新年期间会倒贴“福”字。since then 表示“自那之后”。故选A。
2. B 根据空前“the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang”可知皇帝朱元璋下令贴“福”字。故选B。
3. B 根据下文“In order to stop too many killings”可知朱元璋下令杀害这些家庭中的某人。故选B。
4. D 根据空前“In order to stop too many killings”可知马皇后想要阻止太多的杀戮,由此可知她是善良的。故选D。
5. A 句意:当然没有人敢对马皇后的意愿说不,所以每家每户的门上都贴上了“福”字。前后句是因果关系,前因后果。故选A。
6. A 句意:他们中的一些家庭因为不识字,最终将“福”字倒贴。此处用them指代上文提到的所有人家。故选A。
7. C pick up 拿起,举起；meet up 碰头,相聚；put up 张贴,搭建；get up 起床,起立。根据空后“the character fu upside down”可知把“福”字倒贴了。故选C。
8. A 根据空后“every family had the character fu posted on the door”可知他们发现每家门上都贴着“福”字。故选A。
9. C 根据上文“every family had the character fu posted on the door, while a few families did it upside down”可知此处指士兵向皇帝报告后,他很生气。故选C。
10. B 根据空前“the emperor got angry”和下文“Then the emperor ordered soldiers to set those people 14 as he thought the explanation did make sense.”可知皇帝很生气,下令杀死那些倒贴“福”字的人家。故选B。
11. B 结合文章内容可知,马皇后听到皇帝要杀掉那些倒贴“福”字的人家,急忙去劝说皇帝。故选B。
12. D 结合文章内容可知,此处指“福”这个字被贴倒了。故选D。
13. A 根据语境“Doesn't this 13 'fu dao'”并结合常识可知,倒贴的“福”字意味着“福到”。故选A。
14. D 根据空后“as he thought the explanation did make sense”可知皇帝认为这个解释很合理,才下令放了那些人；set...free 表示“释放”。故选D。
15. A 句意:自那之后,一些人在中国新年期间会倒贴“福”字。since then 表示“自那之后”。故选A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国春节倒贴福字由来的记叙文，解题时首先要通读全文，理清完整故事脉络：朱元璋最初想借福字标记杀人，马皇后巧妙化解危机，最终形成倒贴福的传统习俗。解题过程中要优先结合上下文给出的暗示信息判断选项，比如后文出现的“stop too many killings”可以直接对应前文朱元璋的行为，同时要注意动词短语辨析、逻辑连词的关系判断、固定搭配的积累，还可以结合“福倒谐音福到”的中华传统文化常识辅助解题，避免孤立理解单个句子选错答案。
【解析】
1. 后文整段都在介绍倒贴福字的相关传说，也就是倒贴福的缘由，reason表示原因，result为结果、course为过程、excuse为借口，只有A符合语境。
2. 主语是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋，皇帝对士兵的合理动作是下令，ordered表示命令，listened为听、agreed为同意、stopped为停止，选B符合身份逻辑。
3. 后文出现明确提示“In order to stop too many killings”，说明朱元璋原本决定杀掉这些家庭里的人，kill表示杀害，选B。
4. 马皇后主动阻止过多杀戮，突出她善良的品质，kind表示善良的，pretty为漂亮的、clever为聪明的、rich为富有的，选D符合语境。
5. 前半句“没人敢违背马皇后的意愿”是原因，后半句“每家都贴上了福字”是结果，属于前因后果的因果关系，用so连接，选A。
6. 此处代词要指代前文提到的所有贴福字的家庭，是复数的“他们”，用them，选A。
7. 此处动作是张贴福字，put up表示张贴、搭建，pick up为捡起、meet up为碰面、get up为起床，只有C符合贴福字的动作描述。
8. 士兵去执行任务的时候，实地看到家家户户门上都有福字，discovered表示发现，promised为承诺、realized为意识到、understood为理解，选A符合场景。
9. 士兵回宫把看到的情况上报给皇帝，对应的是下属给君主的禀报，report表示汇报、报告，story为故事、advice为建议、news为普通新闻，选C符合语境。
10. 皇帝大怒，下令把这些倒贴福字的家庭处死，put sb to death是固定搭配表示处死某人，选B。
11. 得知皇帝要下令杀人，情况紧急，马皇后肯定是急忙赶过去劝说皇帝，hurriedly表示匆忙地，slowly为缓慢地、suddenly为突然地、angrily为生气地，选B符合紧急的语境。
12. 前文一直提到的是“福”这个汉字，所以此处指把这个汉字贴倒了，character表示文字、字符，选D。
13. 马皇后解释倒贴福字的含义就是“福到”，mean表示意思是、意味着，选A。
14. 皇帝觉得解释很有道理，于是下令释放这些人，set sb free是固定搭配表示释放某人，选D。
15. 此处表示“从那之后”大家就有了倒贴福的习俗，since then是固定搭配，表示自那以后，选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A
【知识点】
1.语境词义辨析
2.固定短语搭配
3.中华传统文化常识
【点评】
本题属于传统文化主题的记叙文完形填空，既考查学生对完形填空题型常用的上下文推理、词义辨析、逻辑连词判断的解题能力，又融入了中国传统年俗的文化知识，落实了英语学科的文化意识核心素养。部分题目设置有易混干扰项，比如第9空容易误选news，需要学生结合语境区分“下属禀报”和“普通消息”的差异，提醒学生做完形填空时要先通读全文把握故事主线，不能脱离上下文孤立判断选项。
【难度系数】
0.5
这是一篇介绍中国春节倒贴福字由来的记叙文，解题时首先要通读全文，理清完整故事脉络：朱元璋最初想借福字标记杀人，马皇后巧妙化解危机，最终形成倒贴福的传统习俗。解题过程中要优先结合上下文给出的暗示信息判断选项，比如后文出现的“stop too many killings”可以直接对应前文朱元璋的行为，同时要注意动词短语辨析、逻辑连词的关系判断、固定搭配的积累，还可以结合“福倒谐音福到”的中华传统文化常识辅助解题，避免孤立理解单个句子选错答案。
【解析】
1. 后文整段都在介绍倒贴福字的相关传说，也就是倒贴福的缘由，reason表示原因，result为结果、course为过程、excuse为借口，只有A符合语境。
2. 主语是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋，皇帝对士兵的合理动作是下令，ordered表示命令，listened为听、agreed为同意、stopped为停止，选B符合身份逻辑。
3. 后文出现明确提示“In order to stop too many killings”，说明朱元璋原本决定杀掉这些家庭里的人，kill表示杀害，选B。
4. 马皇后主动阻止过多杀戮，突出她善良的品质，kind表示善良的，pretty为漂亮的、clever为聪明的、rich为富有的，选D符合语境。
5. 前半句“没人敢违背马皇后的意愿”是原因，后半句“每家都贴上了福字”是结果，属于前因后果的因果关系，用so连接，选A。
6. 此处代词要指代前文提到的所有贴福字的家庭，是复数的“他们”，用them，选A。
7. 此处动作是张贴福字，put up表示张贴、搭建，pick up为捡起、meet up为碰面、get up为起床，只有C符合贴福字的动作描述。
8. 士兵去执行任务的时候，实地看到家家户户门上都有福字，discovered表示发现，promised为承诺、realized为意识到、understood为理解，选A符合场景。
9. 士兵回宫把看到的情况上报给皇帝，对应的是下属给君主的禀报，report表示汇报、报告，story为故事、advice为建议、news为普通新闻，选C符合语境。
10. 皇帝大怒，下令把这些倒贴福字的家庭处死，put sb to death是固定搭配表示处死某人，选B。
11. 得知皇帝要下令杀人，情况紧急，马皇后肯定是急忙赶过去劝说皇帝，hurriedly表示匆忙地，slowly为缓慢地、suddenly为突然地、angrily为生气地，选B符合紧急的语境。
12. 前文一直提到的是“福”这个汉字，所以此处指把这个汉字贴倒了，character表示文字、字符，选D。
13. 马皇后解释倒贴福字的含义就是“福到”，mean表示意思是、意味着，选A。
14. 皇帝觉得解释很有道理，于是下令释放这些人，set sb free是固定搭配表示释放某人，选D。
15. 此处表示“从那之后”大家就有了倒贴福的习俗，since then是固定搭配，表示自那以后，选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.A
【知识点】
1.语境词义辨析
2.固定短语搭配
3.中华传统文化常识
【点评】
本题属于传统文化主题的记叙文完形填空，既考查学生对完形填空题型常用的上下文推理、词义辨析、逻辑连词判断的解题能力，又融入了中国传统年俗的文化知识，落实了英语学科的文化意识核心素养。部分题目设置有易混干扰项，比如第9空容易误选news，需要学生结合语境区分“下属禀报”和“普通消息”的差异，提醒学生做完形填空时要先通读全文把握故事主线，不能脱离上下文孤立判断选项。
【难度系数】
0.5
