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A
体裁：说明文
主题：健康生活
难度：★★★★★
①China is making big efforts to help people control their weight (控制体重) and live healthier lives. The government has started a three - year "Weight Management Year" plan from 2024 to 2027 to fight against obesity (肥胖), which can cause serious health problems. Here's what you should know about the new guidelines:
②First, it's important to check your BMI (Body Mass Index). For adults, a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are overweight. A BMI of 28 or more means you are obese. Moreover, you need to know the size of your waist: men should keep it under 90 cm, and women under 85 cm.
③When it comes to food, choose whole grains like brown rice, fresh vegetables, and lean proteins such as fish, chicken, or beans. Don't eat fried foods and sugary snacks, and also eat less salt and oil.
④For exercise, try to do 150 - 300 minutes of activities like walking, cycling, or dancing every week, and do strength exercises twice a week. If you sit for a long time while studying, stand up and stretch for 3 - 5 minutes every hour.
⑤Besides diet and exercise, small daily habits can also make a big difference. Teens should sleep 7 hours every night because bad sleep can make them put on weight. Try to eat vegetables first, then meat, and finally rice or bread during a meal to control how much you eat.
⑥Schools and hospitals are also giving a helping hand. For example, schools across the country are encouraged to provide at least a P.E. class a day. Hospitals have set up special "weight management clinics", where doctors provide personalized diet and exercise plans. By 2030, China hopes to slow down the growth of obesity through education and support.
⑦Remember, losing weight isn't about being perfect—just start with small changes, like drinking water instead of soda or taking the stairs instead of the elevator. With these easy steps, everyone can have a healthier future.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to improve daily habits for weight management?
A. Eat vegetables first in meals.
B. Sleep 7 hours every night for teens.
C. Drink milk tea instead of soda.
D. Stand up and stretch every hour during long study.
2. What can we infer from the text about the relationship between sleep and weight? 细节推理题
A. Sleep has nothing to do with weight.
B. Longer sleep always causes weight loss.
C. Enough sleep helps teens keep a healthy weight.
D. Adults need less sleep than teens to control their weight.
3. What does the underlined sentence "losing weight isn't about being perfect" suggest? 句意猜测题解题策略见P10重点精讲
A. People should never make mistakes.
B. Exercise is more important than diet.
C. Only good diets can help lose weight.
D. Small changes are enough to start with.
4. 新趋势·篇章结构 Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 篇章结构题解题策略见P64重点精讲
A. ①/②③④⑤⑥⑦
B. ①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦
C. ①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦
D. ①/②③④⑤/⑥/⑦
体裁：说明文
主题：健康生活
难度：★★★★★
①China is making big efforts to help people control their weight (控制体重) and live healthier lives. The government has started a three - year "Weight Management Year" plan from 2024 to 2027 to fight against obesity (肥胖), which can cause serious health problems. Here's what you should know about the new guidelines:
②First, it's important to check your BMI (Body Mass Index). For adults, a healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are overweight. A BMI of 28 or more means you are obese. Moreover, you need to know the size of your waist: men should keep it under 90 cm, and women under 85 cm.
③When it comes to food, choose whole grains like brown rice, fresh vegetables, and lean proteins such as fish, chicken, or beans. Don't eat fried foods and sugary snacks, and also eat less salt and oil.
④For exercise, try to do 150 - 300 minutes of activities like walking, cycling, or dancing every week, and do strength exercises twice a week. If you sit for a long time while studying, stand up and stretch for 3 - 5 minutes every hour.
⑤Besides diet and exercise, small daily habits can also make a big difference. Teens should sleep 7 hours every night because bad sleep can make them put on weight. Try to eat vegetables first, then meat, and finally rice or bread during a meal to control how much you eat.
⑥Schools and hospitals are also giving a helping hand. For example, schools across the country are encouraged to provide at least a P.E. class a day. Hospitals have set up special "weight management clinics", where doctors provide personalized diet and exercise plans. By 2030, China hopes to slow down the growth of obesity through education and support.
⑦Remember, losing weight isn't about being perfect—just start with small changes, like drinking water instead of soda or taking the stairs instead of the elevator. With these easy steps, everyone can have a healthier future.
1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to improve daily habits for weight management?
A. Eat vegetables first in meals.
B. Sleep 7 hours every night for teens.
C. Drink milk tea instead of soda.
D. Stand up and stretch every hour during long study.
2. What can we infer from the text about the relationship between sleep and weight? 细节推理题
A. Sleep has nothing to do with weight.
B. Longer sleep always causes weight loss.
C. Enough sleep helps teens keep a healthy weight.
D. Adults need less sleep than teens to control their weight.
3. What does the underlined sentence "losing weight isn't about being perfect" suggest? 句意猜测题解题策略见P10重点精讲
A. People should never make mistakes.
B. Exercise is more important than diet.
C. Only good diets can help lose weight.
D. Small changes are enough to start with.
4. 新趋势·篇章结构 Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 篇章结构题解题策略见P64重点精讲
A. ①/②③④⑤⑥⑦
B. ①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦
C. ①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦
D. ①/②③④⑤/⑥/⑦
答案
A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府从2024年到2027年启动的“体重管理年”计划，旨在帮助人们控制体重并过上更健康的生活。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“If you sit for a long time while studying, stand up and stretch for 3—5 minutes every hour.”，第五段“Teens should sleep 7 hours every night”和“Try to eat vegetables first”可知文中提到久坐应起身伸展，青少年每晚应睡7小时，吃饭时先吃蔬菜，并未提及喝奶茶而非汽水。故选C。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第五段“Teens should sleep 7 hours every night because bad sleep can make them put on weight.”可知青少年每晚应睡7小时，睡眠不足会使他们增加体重，由此可知充足的睡眠可以帮助青少年保持健康的体重。故选C。
3. D 句意猜测题。根据下文“just start with small changes, like drinking water instead of soda or taking the stairs instead of the elevator”可知减肥只要从小改变开始，比如喝水而不是汽水，走楼梯而不是坐电梯，由此可知画线句暗示减肥不需要一开始就完美，从小的改变开始就足够了。故选D。
4. C 篇章结构题。根据第一段“Here's what you should know about the new guidelines”可知本段引出“体重管理年”计划；第二到六段具体介绍了计划的内容，包括BMI和腰围标准、饮食建议、运动建议、日常生活习惯以及学校和医院的支持措施；第七段总结。故选C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府从2024年到2027年启动的“体重管理年”计划，旨在帮助人们控制体重并过上更健康的生活。
1. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“If you sit for a long time while studying, stand up and stretch for 3—5 minutes every hour.”，第五段“Teens should sleep 7 hours every night”和“Try to eat vegetables first”可知文中提到久坐应起身伸展，青少年每晚应睡7小时，吃饭时先吃蔬菜，并未提及喝奶茶而非汽水。故选C。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第五段“Teens should sleep 7 hours every night because bad sleep can make them put on weight.”可知青少年每晚应睡7小时，睡眠不足会使他们增加体重，由此可知充足的睡眠可以帮助青少年保持健康的体重。故选C。
3. D 句意猜测题。根据下文“just start with small changes, like drinking water instead of soda or taking the stairs instead of the elevator”可知减肥只要从小改变开始，比如喝水而不是汽水，走楼梯而不是坐电梯，由此可知画线句暗示减肥不需要一开始就完美，从小的改变开始就足够了。故选D。
4. C 篇章结构题。根据第一段“Here's what you should know about the new guidelines”可知本段引出“体重管理年”计划；第二到六段具体介绍了计划的内容，包括BMI和腰围标准、饮食建议、运动建议、日常生活习惯以及学校和医院的支持措施；第七段总结。故选C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍我国体重管理相关政策的健康主题说明文，解题时可以按照不同题型的对应思路逐一突破：
1. 第1题是细节理解选非题，首先明确题干要求选出文中没有提及的体重管理日常习惯，只需要将四个选项逐一返回原文定位，找到对应提及的内容就排除，剩下的未提及的就是正确答案；
2. 第2题是细节推理题，题干要求找睡眠和体重的关联，直接定位到原文第五段关于睡眠的描述，逐一比对选项，排除明显不符合原文、无中生有的错误选项，就能得到正确结论；
3. 第3题是句意猜测题，遇到划线句含义题不需要硬猜字面意思，直接看划线句的后文解释内容，后文紧接着给出了这句话的补充说明，对应选项就能匹配出正确含义；
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，先梳理全文的行文逻辑：首段总起引出我国推出三年体重管理计划的话题，随后中间段落分别从BMI标准、饮食、运动、日常小习惯、学校医院配套措施几个方面展开分述，最后尾段总结呼吁大家从小改变养成健康习惯，对应总-分-总的结构就能选出正确的结构划分。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第4段提到长时间学习时每小时起身伸展3-5分钟，第5段提到青少年每晚睡7小时、吃饭先吃蔬菜，全文仅在最后一段提到用白水代替汽水，并未提及用奶茶代替汽水，因此选项C未被提及。
2. 推理判断题：定位原文第5段“Teens should sleep 7 hours every night because bad sleep can make them put on weight”，可知睡眠质量差、睡眠不足会让青少年发胖，反过来推导就说明充足的睡眠能帮助青少年维持健康体重；选项A说睡眠和体重无关和原文矛盾，选项B说更长睡眠一定减重属于无中生有，选项D提到的成人和青少年睡眠需求对比全文完全没有涉及，因此C为正确答案。
3. 句意猜测题：划线句后文紧接着补充说明“just start with small changes”，也就是减肥不需要追求绝对完美，只需要从微小的改变开始行动就可以，对应选项D的表述，其余选项均和后文内容无关。
4. 篇章结构题：第①段总起，引出我国推出“体重管理年”计划、下文将介绍相关指南的核心话题；第②-⑥段分别从BMI腰围判定标准、饮食建议、运动要求、日常好习惯、学校医院配套支持五个维度，详细展开介绍体重管理的相关指南内容；第⑦段总结全文，呼吁大家从小改变获得健康生活，因此结构划分为①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，语篇推理判断，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题贴合当下健康生活的热点话题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读的所有核心题型，既考查学生快速定位原文细节的基础能力，也对学生梳理全文行文逻辑的综合能力提出了要求，其中篇章结构题容易误导学生错误拆分分述段落，需要学生准确区分总起、分述、总结三个部分的边界。
【难度系数】
0.4
这是一篇介绍我国体重管理相关政策的健康主题说明文，解题时可以按照不同题型的对应思路逐一突破：
1. 第1题是细节理解选非题，首先明确题干要求选出文中没有提及的体重管理日常习惯，只需要将四个选项逐一返回原文定位，找到对应提及的内容就排除，剩下的未提及的就是正确答案；
2. 第2题是细节推理题，题干要求找睡眠和体重的关联，直接定位到原文第五段关于睡眠的描述，逐一比对选项，排除明显不符合原文、无中生有的错误选项，就能得到正确结论；
3. 第3题是句意猜测题，遇到划线句含义题不需要硬猜字面意思，直接看划线句的后文解释内容，后文紧接着给出了这句话的补充说明，对应选项就能匹配出正确含义；
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，先梳理全文的行文逻辑：首段总起引出我国推出三年体重管理计划的话题，随后中间段落分别从BMI标准、饮食、运动、日常小习惯、学校医院配套措施几个方面展开分述，最后尾段总结呼吁大家从小改变养成健康习惯，对应总-分-总的结构就能选出正确的结构划分。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第4段提到长时间学习时每小时起身伸展3-5分钟，第5段提到青少年每晚睡7小时、吃饭先吃蔬菜，全文仅在最后一段提到用白水代替汽水，并未提及用奶茶代替汽水，因此选项C未被提及。
2. 推理判断题：定位原文第5段“Teens should sleep 7 hours every night because bad sleep can make them put on weight”，可知睡眠质量差、睡眠不足会让青少年发胖，反过来推导就说明充足的睡眠能帮助青少年维持健康体重；选项A说睡眠和体重无关和原文矛盾，选项B说更长睡眠一定减重属于无中生有，选项D提到的成人和青少年睡眠需求对比全文完全没有涉及，因此C为正确答案。
3. 句意猜测题：划线句后文紧接着补充说明“just start with small changes”，也就是减肥不需要追求绝对完美，只需要从微小的改变开始行动就可以，对应选项D的表述，其余选项均和后文内容无关。
4. 篇章结构题：第①段总起，引出我国推出“体重管理年”计划、下文将介绍相关指南的核心话题；第②-⑥段分别从BMI腰围判定标准、饮食建议、运动要求、日常好习惯、学校医院配套支持五个维度，详细展开介绍体重管理的相关指南内容；第⑦段总结全文，呼吁大家从小改变获得健康生活，因此结构划分为①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，语篇推理判断，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题贴合当下健康生活的热点话题，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读的所有核心题型，既考查学生快速定位原文细节的基础能力，也对学生梳理全文行文逻辑的综合能力提出了要求，其中篇章结构题容易误导学生错误拆分分述段落，需要学生准确区分总起、分述、总结三个部分的边界。
【难度系数】
0.4
