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训练1 体裁：说明文 主题：人与动物 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率： /4
(原创)Scientists and birdwatchers are joining a hunt to find some of the rarest birds on Earth. The Search for Lost Birds list, released(发布) in December 2021, includes 10 birds that have not been seen in nature for at least 10 years. The list is a joint project between three nature organizations—American Bird Conservancy, BirdLife International, and Re: wild.
The birds on the list have not been seen for many years but have not yet been ruled extinct(灭绝). Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live or simply because scientists don't know where or how to find them. If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.
The list includes the Himalayan quail, last seen in India in 1877; the Cuban kite, last seen in 2010 on the island of Cuba; the South Island kokako from New Zealand, last seen in 2007; and the Vilcabamba brush-finch, last seen in 1968 in Peru. Two expeditions(探险队) planned to find the Siau scops-owl(last seen in 1866 in Indonesia), and the dusky tetraka(last spotted on Madagascar, an island off the coast of south-east Africa, in 1999).
If any of these lost species(物种) are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow. This has happened with birds such as Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard—a once-lost species whose numbers are now enlarging.
"These top 10 lost birds are really just the most extreme examples of gaps in our knowledge about birds," said John C. Mittermeier of American Bird Conservancy. "But there are many mysteries to solve and findings to contribute that are quite useful for science and protection."
1. Which of the following may cause the extinction of the birds on the list? ＞＞ 直接理解题
①hunting ②no studies ③climate change ④habitat change ⑤food shortage
A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②③④ D. ①③④⑤
2. What does the underlined word "spotted" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Found. B. Caught. C. Discussed. D. Reported.
3. Which of the following is TRUE? ＞＞ 判断正误题
A. Among the birds on the list, Himalayan quail hasn't been seen for the longest time.
B. Scientists made two organized trips to find the Siau scops-owl and the dusky tetraka.
C. The last time people saw the Cuban kite was over 10 years ago on the island of New Zealand.
D. American Bird Conservancy and BirdLife International released the Search for Lost Birds list.
4. Why are Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard mentioned(提及) in Paragraph 4?
A. To show it's important for people to protect lost birds.
B. To show it's possible for scientists to find lost species.
C. To show that the numbers of the two species are growing.
D. To show that lost species can be protected if scientists find them.
(原创)Scientists and birdwatchers are joining a hunt to find some of the rarest birds on Earth. The Search for Lost Birds list, released(发布) in December 2021, includes 10 birds that have not been seen in nature for at least 10 years. The list is a joint project between three nature organizations—American Bird Conservancy, BirdLife International, and Re: wild.
The birds on the list have not been seen for many years but have not yet been ruled extinct(灭绝). Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live or simply because scientists don't know where or how to find them. If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.
The list includes the Himalayan quail, last seen in India in 1877; the Cuban kite, last seen in 2010 on the island of Cuba; the South Island kokako from New Zealand, last seen in 2007; and the Vilcabamba brush-finch, last seen in 1968 in Peru. Two expeditions(探险队) planned to find the Siau scops-owl(last seen in 1866 in Indonesia), and the dusky tetraka(last spotted on Madagascar, an island off the coast of south-east Africa, in 1999).
If any of these lost species(物种) are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow. This has happened with birds such as Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard—a once-lost species whose numbers are now enlarging.
"These top 10 lost birds are really just the most extreme examples of gaps in our knowledge about birds," said John C. Mittermeier of American Bird Conservancy. "But there are many mysteries to solve and findings to contribute that are quite useful for science and protection."
1. Which of the following may cause the extinction of the birds on the list? ＞＞ 直接理解题
①hunting ②no studies ③climate change ④habitat change ⑤food shortage
A. ①②③ B. ①③④ C. ①②③④ D. ①③④⑤
2. What does the underlined word "spotted" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Found. B. Caught. C. Discussed. D. Reported.
3. Which of the following is TRUE? ＞＞ 判断正误题
A. Among the birds on the list, Himalayan quail hasn't been seen for the longest time.
B. Scientists made two organized trips to find the Siau scops-owl and the dusky tetraka.
C. The last time people saw the Cuban kite was over 10 years ago on the island of New Zealand.
D. American Bird Conservancy and BirdLife International released the Search for Lost Birds list.
4. Why are Brazil's blue-eyed ground-dove and the Madagascar pochard mentioned(提及) in Paragraph 4?
A. To show it's important for people to protect lost birds.
B. To show it's possible for scientists to find lost species.
C. To show that the numbers of the two species are growing.
D. To show that lost species can be protected if scientists find them.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们准备寻找10种消失了10年以上的鸟的计划。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.”可知狩猎、栖息地的变化或气候变化会导致鸟类灭绝。故选B。
＞＞＞ 直接理解题
易错点拨
学生易根据第二段“Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live”错选C项。没有科学研究是鸟类长期失踪的原因,而不是鸟类灭绝的原因。
干扰项分析
②文不对题;⑤无中生有。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据上文“last seen in 1866 in Indonesia”和下文“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”可推知“spotted”与“found”意思相近。故选A。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Two expeditions planned to find the Siau scops-owl ... and the dusky tetraka ...”可知两支探险队计划寻找锡奥角鸮和暗色旋木鹎。故选B。
＞＞＞ 判断正误题
干扰项分析
A项偷换概念;C项正误并存;D项无中生有。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”可知文章提及蓝眼地鸠和马岛潜鸭是为了证明上文的观点,即如果能找到这些消失的鸟类,就有希望找到保护它们的方法。故选D。
1. B 细节理解题。根据第二段“If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.”可知狩猎、栖息地的变化或气候变化会导致鸟类灭绝。故选B。
＞＞＞ 直接理解题
易错点拨
学生易根据第二段“Their long disappearances could be because there have been no studies in the areas where they live”错选C项。没有科学研究是鸟类长期失踪的原因,而不是鸟类灭绝的原因。
干扰项分析
②文不对题;⑤无中生有。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据上文“last seen in 1866 in Indonesia”和下文“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”可推知“spotted”与“found”意思相近。故选A。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段“Two expeditions planned to find the Siau scops-owl ... and the dusky tetraka ...”可知两支探险队计划寻找锡奥角鸮和暗色旋木鹎。故选B。
＞＞＞ 判断正误题
干扰项分析
A项偷换概念;C项正误并存;D项无中生有。
4. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them and help their numbers grow.”可知文章提及蓝眼地鸠和马岛潜鸭是为了证明上文的观点,即如果能找到这些消失的鸟类,就有希望找到保护它们的方法。故选D。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是直接理解的细节题，需先定位题干“导致鸟类灭绝的原因”，回到原文对应段落，区分“鸟类长期失踪的原因”与“灭绝的原因”，再对比选项排除干扰项。
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，需结合划线词的上下文语境，联系“消失物种”相关表述，推测词义后匹配选项。
3. 第3题是判断正误题，需将每个选项逐一与原文对应内容核对，注意识别偷换概念、正误并存、无中生有等陷阱。
4. 第4题是推理判断题，需找到例子所在段落，结合段落主旨，分析例子对主旨的支撑作用。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第二段“If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.”可知，导致鸟类灭绝的原因是狩猎、栖息地变化、气候变化，对应①③④；“no studies”是鸟类长期失踪的原因，并非灭绝原因，“food shortage”原文未提及，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据第三段“last seen in 1866 in Indonesia”及第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them...”可知，spotted意为“发现”，对应选项A。
3. 第3题：根据第三段“Two expeditions planned to find the Siau scops-owl ... and the dusky tetraka ...”可知，B项正确；A项中Himalayan quail last seen in 1877，并非消失最久的物种；C项中Cuban kite在古巴，而非新西兰；D项是三个自然组织发布名单，并非两个，故选B。
4. 第4题：第四段主旨为“若找到这些消失物种，可找到保护方法使其数量增长”，提及巴西蓝眼地鸠和马岛潜鸭是为了证明“找到消失物种后可实施保护”，对应D项。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解-细节理解题；英语阅读理解-词义猜测题；英语阅读理解-推理判断题
【点评】
本文为说明文，围绕“寻找濒危鸟类”展开，涵盖细节理解、词义猜测、判断正误、推理判断等常见阅读理解题型，需学生精准定位原文、辨析词义、排除干扰项，考查学生的英语语篇理解能力，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
1. 第1题是直接理解的细节题，需先定位题干“导致鸟类灭绝的原因”，回到原文对应段落，区分“鸟类长期失踪的原因”与“灭绝的原因”，再对比选项排除干扰项。
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，需结合划线词的上下文语境，联系“消失物种”相关表述，推测词义后匹配选项。
3. 第3题是判断正误题，需将每个选项逐一与原文对应内容核对，注意识别偷换概念、正误并存、无中生有等陷阱。
4. 第4题是推理判断题，需找到例子所在段落，结合段落主旨，分析例子对主旨的支撑作用。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据原文第二段“If the birds have become rarer or gone extinct, it could be for many reasons, including hunting, human destruction, changes to their natural habitats, or climate change.”可知，导致鸟类灭绝的原因是狩猎、栖息地变化、气候变化，对应①③④；“no studies”是鸟类长期失踪的原因，并非灭绝原因，“food shortage”原文未提及，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据第三段“last seen in 1866 in Indonesia”及第四段“If any of these lost species are spotted, it's hoped that ways can be found to protect them...”可知，spotted意为“发现”，对应选项A。
3. 第3题：根据第三段“Two expeditions planned to find the Siau scops-owl ... and the dusky tetraka ...”可知，B项正确；A项中Himalayan quail last seen in 1877，并非消失最久的物种；C项中Cuban kite在古巴，而非新西兰；D项是三个自然组织发布名单，并非两个，故选B。
4. 第4题：第四段主旨为“若找到这些消失物种，可找到保护方法使其数量增长”，提及巴西蓝眼地鸠和马岛潜鸭是为了证明“找到消失物种后可实施保护”，对应D项。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解-细节理解题；英语阅读理解-词义猜测题；英语阅读理解-推理判断题
【点评】
本文为说明文，围绕“寻找濒危鸟类”展开，涵盖细节理解、词义猜测、判断正误、推理判断等常见阅读理解题型，需学生精准定位原文、辨析词义、排除干扰项，考查学生的英语语篇理解能力，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
