三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As an old saying goes, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” I 1. (learn) some manners since I studied in Russia. Now I have a better understanding of the saying.
One day, I 2. (invite) to a famous local restaurant in Moscow by some Chinese friends. The sudden talk about our common interest in the Red Square made us 3. (excite). We chatted warmly until the waiter told me that we were talking too loud. We turned our voices lower. But this didn't last long. The waiter came over to us two more 4. (time) with the same message.
How bad an impression we must have left on the local people! In China, it's natural and important 5. a host to make a lively atmosphere(气氛). However, in Russia and some Western countries, having a meal in a public place means you must keep your voice low 6. that you should be polite to others.
I felt bad about this. Even though we tried our best, it was very difficult to develop 7. new habit. Russians have 8. (they) own special habits. My Russian friend, Andrey, always looks around and thinks for a while before he leaves home. I asked him whether there was something wrong. “No, not at all,” Andrey said. “In Russia, people always spend about a minute going over things and plans 9. (quick) in their minds before leaving. So they won't leave anything necessary behind.”
10. ( find) the cultural differences between Russia and my country is very interesting. I'd like to keep my eyes and mind open.

1. have learnt/learned 2. was invited 3. excited 4. times 5. for 6. and 7. a 8. their 9. quickly 10. Finding

【分析】
本题为文化主题的语法填空题，需结合语境、时态规则、语态、词性变化、固定搭配及非谓语动词等知识解题。每个空的思考方向：1. 根据时间标志词since判断时态；2. 分析主语与动词的主被动关系及时态；3. 结合make的用法判断形容词形式；4. 根据数词判断名词形式；5. 运用固定句型搭配；6. 分析并列结构的连接词；7. 结合固定短语判断冠词；8. 用形容词性物主代词修饰名词；9. 用副词修饰动词；10. 动名词作主语的用法。
【解析】
1. 由时间状语since I studied in Russia可知，主句用现在完成时，learn的过去分词为learnt/learned，故填have learnt/learned；
2. 主语I与invite是被动关系，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was invited；
3. make sb + 形容词结构，修饰人用excited，故填excited；
4. two more后接可数名词复数，time此处意为“次数”，故填times；
5. 固定句型It's + adj + for sb to do sth，故填for；
6. 连接两个并列的动作，用and；
7. develop a new habit是固定搭配，表泛指，用不定冠词a；
8. 修饰名词habits，用形容词性物主代词their；
9. 修饰动词短语go over，用副词quickly；
10. 动名词短语作主语，find的动名词形式为Finding，故填Finding。
【答案】
1. have learnt/learned 2. was invited 3. excited 4. times 5. for 6. and 7. a 8. their 9. quickly 10. Finding
【知识点】
现在完成时、一般过去时的被动语态、形容词的用法、冠词的用法
【点评】
本题结合文化差异语境考查基础语法填空，涵盖时态语态、词性转换、固定搭配等核心知识点，注重语法在实际语境中的应用，难度适中，适合巩固基础。
【难度系数】
0.6

四、(2025·徐州鼓楼区期末)阅读理解。〔人与社会——文化差异〕
As we all know, different countries have different customs about a person's birthday. Now let's learn about the following people's birthdays in different places.
Teresa, Madrid, Spain
My twenty-first birthday was in April. I was really happy to go out and celebrate with my friends. They pulled my ear 21 times, once for each year. It's an old custom. Some people do it only once, but my friends are very traditional! Sometimes it's wonderful to follow the custom. I even want them to do that on my sixtieth birthday.
Francisco, Paris, France
I'm going to be 30 years old next Friday. In France, when you have a birthday, you often invite people out. I know that in some countries it's the opposite—people take you out.
Liu Xiaohan, Taipei, China
Yesterday was my sixteenth birthday. It was a special birthday, so we had a family celebration. I was happy to receive some money in “lucky” envelopes from my relatives. My mother cooked noodles—noodles are for a long life.
Mr and Mrs Brady, Manchester, Britain
In Britain we say, “Life begins at 40 years old. ” My husband is going to be 40 this weekend. It's a special birthday. I'd like to hold a big party for him with all our friends and relatives, but we don't want him to know that now. It's going to be a surprise. What am I going to give my husband? I can't say. That's a surprise too.
() 1. Why did Teresa's friends pull her ear on her birthday?
A. Because it is an old custom in Spain.
B. Because she went out without telling her parents.
C. Because she made a mistake.
D. Because she was sixty years old.
() 2. In which country does the person who has a birthday often take friends out instead of being taken out by friends?
A. Spain.
B. China.
C. France.
D. Britain.
() 3. Mr Brady from Manchester will be surprised this weekend because .
A. he is going to have his 30th birthday
B. he is going to be 40 then and “Life begins at 40 years old” in France
C. his wife, friends and relatives want to give him a big surprise on his 40th birthday
D. he often gives others a big surprise on their birthdays

1~3. ACC

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解细节理解题，解题思路是：先通读题目明确考查方向，再带着每个题目的关键词回原文定位对应段落，对比原文信息与选项，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：关键词为Teresa、pull her ear，定位到Teresa（西班牙马德里）的段落，原文提到“They pulled my ear 21 times... It's an old custom.”，可知这是西班牙的古老习俗，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：关键词为take friends out，定位到Francisco（法国巴黎）的段落，原文明确“In France, when you have a birthday, you often invite people out. I know that in some countries it's the opposite—people take you out.”，说明法国人生日时会请朋友出去，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：关键词为Mr Brady、surprise，定位到Brady夫妇（英国曼彻斯特）的段落，原文提到“My husband is going to be 40 this weekend. I'd like to hold a big party for him... but we don't want him to know that now. It's going to be a surprise.”，可知Brady先生会因40岁生日收到惊喜派对而惊讶，对应选项C。
【答案】
ACC
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、文化习俗
【点评】
本文围绕不同国家的生日习俗展开，题目均为细节定位类，难度较低，主要考查学生快速提取原文关键信息的能力，适合基础中等的学生完成。
【难度系数】
0.8