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B
Many scientists agree that animals have emotions(情感) just like humans. Although there are different ideas about how animals experience emotions, their action showed that animals experience things like happiness, sadness, nervousness and excitement.
Whales are quite smart and can show sadness. In 2018, an orca(虎鲸)mother was seen carrying her dead child around for weeks as she was sad about its death. Another example shows that whales can have sympathy toward other animals. Humpback whales(座头鲸)have been watched fighting with orcas to protect seals(海豹). They keep the seals out of danger by lifting them out of the water on their backs.
Elephants are also known for their ability to show emotions. When an older elephant passes away, its family often stay by the body for a long time, and members will softly touch the dead elephant's body. And like whales, elephants show sympathy by joining in protective action toward other animals. For example, they're famous for protecting people from other wildlife.
In a study, a group of mice that had experienced electric shocks(电击) froze when they saw another group getting shocked. The action was considered to be an empathetic response(共情反应) as the mice became uncomfortable when seeing others in bad situations.
Animals are able to show their emotions. They use different kinds of ways such as body language, making sounds and action to show their feelings. At the same time, it is important for human beings to understand the emotions of animals and treat them with kindness.
(
A. By watching animals' action.
B. By experiencing animals' feelings.
C. By discussing with other scientists.
D. By studying animals' living conditions.
(
A. Anger with others' actions.
B. Understanding and care for someone else's pain.
C. The ability to remember other animals' behavior.
D. Curiosity(好奇心) to explore unknown things.
(
A. They are all sympathetic to others.
B. They are all helpful to human beings.
C. They all protect people from other wildlife.
D. They all use language to express emotions.
(
(
A. Why do animals fight with others?
B. What are the secrets behind animals?
C. Do animals also show their emotions?
D. Can animals understand people's feelings?
Many scientists agree that animals have emotions(情感) just like humans. Although there are different ideas about how animals experience emotions, their action showed that animals experience things like happiness, sadness, nervousness and excitement.
Whales are quite smart and can show sadness. In 2018, an orca(虎鲸)mother was seen carrying her dead child around for weeks as she was sad about its death. Another example shows that whales can have sympathy toward other animals. Humpback whales(座头鲸)have been watched fighting with orcas to protect seals(海豹). They keep the seals out of danger by lifting them out of the water on their backs.
Elephants are also known for their ability to show emotions. When an older elephant passes away, its family often stay by the body for a long time, and members will softly touch the dead elephant's body. And like whales, elephants show sympathy by joining in protective action toward other animals. For example, they're famous for protecting people from other wildlife.
In a study, a group of mice that had experienced electric shocks(电击) froze when they saw another group getting shocked. The action was considered to be an empathetic response(共情反应) as the mice became uncomfortable when seeing others in bad situations.
Animals are able to show their emotions. They use different kinds of ways such as body language, making sounds and action to show their feelings. At the same time, it is important for human beings to understand the emotions of animals and treat them with kindness.
(
A
)21. How do scientists learn that animals have emotions?A. By watching animals' action.
B. By experiencing animals' feelings.
C. By discussing with other scientists.
D. By studying animals' living conditions.
(
B
)22. What does the underlined word "sympathy" in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Anger with others' actions.
B. Understanding and care for someone else's pain.
C. The ability to remember other animals' behavior.
D. Curiosity(好奇心) to explore unknown things.
(
A
)23. What are the same things about the three animals mentioned?A. They are all sympathetic to others.
B. They are all helpful to human beings.
C. They all protect people from other wildlife.
D. They all use language to express emotions.
(
C
)24. What would be the best structure of the passage?(
C
)25. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Why do animals fight with others?
B. What are the secrets behind animals?
C. Do animals also show their emotions?
D. Can animals understand people's feelings?
答案
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了科学研究证实动物和人类一样具有丰富的情感能力，并通过具体案例展示了不同动物表达情感的方式，最后呼吁人类理解和善待动物。
21. A 推理判断题。根据“an orca mother was seen carrying her dead child around for weeks”和“Humpback whales have been watched fighting with orcas to protect seals.”可知，虎鲸妈妈被看到带着她死去的孩子四处游荡了好几个星期，人们曾看到座头鲸为了保护海豹而与虎鲸搏斗。所以科学家是通过观察动物的行为来得知动物有情感。故选 A。
22. B 词义猜测题。根据第二段语境，座头鲸会与虎鲸搏斗以保护海豹，还会将海豹背在背上使其脱离危险。这一行为体现了座头鲸对海豹面临的危险（痛苦）的关注与呵护。选项 B“Understanding and care for someone else's pain”（理解并关心他人的痛苦），准确契合“sympathy”（同情、怜悯）的核心含义，也与原文中动物保护其他同类/物种的行为逻辑一致。故选 B。
23. A 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，座头鲸保护海豹；大象哀悼死去的成员，并保护人类免受其他野生动物的伤害；老鼠看到同类受电击会僵住。所以它们的相同点是表现出对他者的同情。故选 A。
24. C 篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段提出观点——动物有情感；第二、三、四段列举鲸、大象和老鼠的例子来说明该观点；第五段总结全文并呼吁人类善待动物。故选 C。
25. C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了科学研究证实动物和人类一样具有丰富的情感能力，并通过具体案例展示了不同动物表达情感的方式，所以 C 项“动物也会表达它们的情感吗？”最适合作标题。故选 C。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了科学研究证实动物和人类一样具有丰富的情感能力，并通过具体案例展示了不同动物表达情感的方式，最后呼吁人类理解和善待动物。
21. A 推理判断题。根据“an orca mother was seen carrying her dead child around for weeks”和“Humpback whales have been watched fighting with orcas to protect seals.”可知，虎鲸妈妈被看到带着她死去的孩子四处游荡了好几个星期，人们曾看到座头鲸为了保护海豹而与虎鲸搏斗。所以科学家是通过观察动物的行为来得知动物有情感。故选 A。
22. B 词义猜测题。根据第二段语境，座头鲸会与虎鲸搏斗以保护海豹，还会将海豹背在背上使其脱离危险。这一行为体现了座头鲸对海豹面临的危险（痛苦）的关注与呵护。选项 B“Understanding and care for someone else's pain”（理解并关心他人的痛苦），准确契合“sympathy”（同情、怜悯）的核心含义，也与原文中动物保护其他同类/物种的行为逻辑一致。故选 B。
23. A 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，座头鲸保护海豹；大象哀悼死去的成员，并保护人类免受其他野生动物的伤害；老鼠看到同类受电击会僵住。所以它们的相同点是表现出对他者的同情。故选 A。
24. C 篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第一段提出观点——动物有情感；第二、三、四段列举鲸、大象和老鼠的例子来说明该观点；第五段总结全文并呼吁人类善待动物。故选 C。
25. C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了科学研究证实动物和人类一样具有丰富的情感能力，并通过具体案例展示了不同动物表达情感的方式，所以 C 项“动物也会表达它们的情感吗？”最适合作标题。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇说明文类阅读理解题，解题时首先要先通读全文梳理行文逻辑：首先明确文章核心主题是动物也拥有情感，之后逐题对应题干定位原文区域：
1. 第21题要找科学家得出动物有情感的依据，回到第一段和后文的举例，所有结论都来自对动物行为的观察，直接匹配对应选项排除无依据的错项即可。
2. 第22题词义猜测题，要结合划线词后面给出的座头鲸保护海豹的具体事例，推导该词的含义，匹配符合行为逻辑的选项。
3. 第23题找三种动物的共同点，逐一核对每个选项是否同时符合鲸、大象、小鼠的特征，排除只对应部分动物的错误选项。
4. 第24题梳理篇章结构，先划分段落功能：第一段是总起提出观点，第二、三、四段是三个并列的举例论证段，第五段是总结升华，对应总-分-总的结构匹配图示即可。
5. 第25题选最佳标题，要选出完全贴合全文核心议题的选项，排除过于宽泛、偏离主旨的干扰项。
【解析】
21. 定位原文第一段"their action showed that animals experience things like happiness, sadness, nervousness and excitement"，结合后文所有虎鲸、座头鲸等相关观察实例，可知科学家是通过观察动物的行为得出动物拥有情感的结论，B选项“体验动物的感受”、C选项“和其他科学家讨论”、D选项“研究动物生存环境”均无原文支撑，因此选A。
22. 结合划线词后文的举例：座头鲸主动和虎鲸搏斗，将海豹托在背上带离危险区域，该行为是对其他动物的痛苦处境的关怀与呵护，完全符合“同情”的含义，也就是理解并关心他人的痛苦，A选项“对他人行为愤怒”、C选项“记住其他动物行为的能力”、D选项“探索未知的好奇心”均不符合语境逻辑，因此选B。
23. 文中鲸类保护海豹、大象保护其他物种/人类、小鼠看到同类受电击产生共情反应，三个物种的行为都体现出对其他对象的同情。B选项“都对人类有帮助”不符合小鼠的相关描述；C选项“都保护人类免受其他野生动物伤害”仅在大象的部分提及；D选项“都用语言表达情感”和原文最后一段提到的“用肢体语言、发声、行动表达感受”不符，因此选A。
24. 梳理全文段落功能：第1段总起，提出核心观点“科学家普遍认为动物和人类一样拥有情感”；第2、3、4段是三个并列的分述部分，分别用鲸、大象、小鼠的实例论证观点；第5段总结全文，点明动物可以表达情感，呼吁人类善待动物，属于典型的总-分-总结构，对应选项C的结构图示，因此选C。
25. 全文始终围绕“动物是否也拥有、表达情感”这一核心议题展开，用多个实例佐证观点，C选项精准贴合全文核心内容。A选项“为什么动物和其他生物打斗”完全偏离主旨，B选项“动物背后的秘密”表述过于宽泛，D选项“动物能理解人类的感受吗”仅为文章的部分细节，无法概括全文，因此选C。
【答案】
21.A 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，篇章结构梳理
【点评】
本题是典型的初中说明文阅读，考点覆盖了阅读理解常见的所有核心题型，学生解题时要注意先理清全文的行文逻辑，定位题干对应的原文区域后再逐一比对选项，尤其是篇章结构类题目，要准确区分总起段、分述段、总结段的功能，避免被局部信息误导。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇说明文类阅读理解题，解题时首先要先通读全文梳理行文逻辑：首先明确文章核心主题是动物也拥有情感，之后逐题对应题干定位原文区域：
1. 第21题要找科学家得出动物有情感的依据，回到第一段和后文的举例，所有结论都来自对动物行为的观察，直接匹配对应选项排除无依据的错项即可。
2. 第22题词义猜测题，要结合划线词后面给出的座头鲸保护海豹的具体事例，推导该词的含义，匹配符合行为逻辑的选项。
3. 第23题找三种动物的共同点，逐一核对每个选项是否同时符合鲸、大象、小鼠的特征，排除只对应部分动物的错误选项。
4. 第24题梳理篇章结构，先划分段落功能：第一段是总起提出观点，第二、三、四段是三个并列的举例论证段，第五段是总结升华，对应总-分-总的结构匹配图示即可。
5. 第25题选最佳标题，要选出完全贴合全文核心议题的选项，排除过于宽泛、偏离主旨的干扰项。
【解析】
21. 定位原文第一段"their action showed that animals experience things like happiness, sadness, nervousness and excitement"，结合后文所有虎鲸、座头鲸等相关观察实例，可知科学家是通过观察动物的行为得出动物拥有情感的结论，B选项“体验动物的感受”、C选项“和其他科学家讨论”、D选项“研究动物生存环境”均无原文支撑，因此选A。
22. 结合划线词后文的举例：座头鲸主动和虎鲸搏斗，将海豹托在背上带离危险区域，该行为是对其他动物的痛苦处境的关怀与呵护，完全符合“同情”的含义，也就是理解并关心他人的痛苦，A选项“对他人行为愤怒”、C选项“记住其他动物行为的能力”、D选项“探索未知的好奇心”均不符合语境逻辑，因此选B。
23. 文中鲸类保护海豹、大象保护其他物种/人类、小鼠看到同类受电击产生共情反应，三个物种的行为都体现出对其他对象的同情。B选项“都对人类有帮助”不符合小鼠的相关描述；C选项“都保护人类免受其他野生动物伤害”仅在大象的部分提及；D选项“都用语言表达情感”和原文最后一段提到的“用肢体语言、发声、行动表达感受”不符，因此选A。
24. 梳理全文段落功能：第1段总起，提出核心观点“科学家普遍认为动物和人类一样拥有情感”；第2、3、4段是三个并列的分述部分，分别用鲸、大象、小鼠的实例论证观点；第5段总结全文，点明动物可以表达情感，呼吁人类善待动物，属于典型的总-分-总结构，对应选项C的结构图示，因此选C。
25. 全文始终围绕“动物是否也拥有、表达情感”这一核心议题展开，用多个实例佐证观点，C选项精准贴合全文核心内容。A选项“为什么动物和其他生物打斗”完全偏离主旨，B选项“动物背后的秘密”表述过于宽泛，D选项“动物能理解人类的感受吗”仅为文章的部分细节，无法概括全文，因此选C。
【答案】
21.A 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，词义猜测，篇章结构梳理
【点评】
本题是典型的初中说明文阅读，考点覆盖了阅读理解常见的所有核心题型，学生解题时要注意先理清全文的行文逻辑，定位题干对应的原文区域后再逐一比对选项，尤其是篇章结构类题目，要准确区分总起段、分述段、总结段的功能，避免被局部信息误导。
【难度系数】
0.7
