Ⅳ. 阅读还原(有两项多余)
There are lots of natural disasters every year. 1
Typhoons(台风) are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean(太平洋) and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates(蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. 2 Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins.
A typhoon has two parts. One is called the "eye". 3 The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In November in 2013, Typhoon Haiyan killed over 6,000 people in Philippines. 4
What should we do when a typhoon hits?
·Stay inside. 5
·Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!
·Listen to the radio or TV or search on the internet for important information.
·If you're told to go to a safer place, do it right now.
A. More people were hurt and some others were missing.
B. Close all the windows and stay away from them.
C. Typhoons are among them.
D. For example, strong winds cause many problems.
E. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast.
F. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move high up into sky.
G. It will be cold quickly.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
There are lots of natural disasters every year. 1
Typhoons(台风) are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean(太平洋) and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates(蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. 2 Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins.
A typhoon has two parts. One is called the "eye". 3 The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In November in 2013, Typhoon Haiyan killed over 6,000 people in Philippines. 4
What should we do when a typhoon hits?
·Stay inside. 5
·Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes!
·Listen to the radio or TV or search on the internet for important information.
·If you're told to go to a safer place, do it right now.
A. More people were hurt and some others were missing.
B. Close all the windows and stay away from them.
C. Typhoons are among them.
D. For example, strong winds cause many problems.
E. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast.
F. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move high up into sky.
G. It will be cold quickly.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
答案
Ⅳ. [文章大意]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了台风的形成过程和组成部分及危害,并科普了台风来临时,我们应该如何应对。
1~5 C F E A B
1~5 C F E A B
解析
【分析】
做这类阅读还原题,首先要先通读全文,明确本文的核心主题是介绍台风的相关常识,包括台风的发生场景、形成原理、结构、危害以及台风来袭的应对方法。接下来逐空定位前后文的内容,抓住前后句的话题衔接、逻辑关联来匹配选项:
1. 第一空前句提到“每年有很多自然灾害”,后句直接开始介绍台风是最严重的风暴之一,因此空格处需要起到“引出台风属于自然灾害范畴”的过渡作用,匹配对应选项。
2. 第二空前句讲海水蒸发让空气变热,后句提到“周围更冷的空气会涌入填补空缺”,空格处需要衔接“空气变热”和“冷空气涌入”的中间过程,找到符合逻辑的选项。
3. 第三空前句提到台风的其中一个部分叫“风眼”,后句介绍台风的另一部分是眼周围的云墙,因此空格处是对“风眼”的特征解释,匹配对应选项。
4. 第四空前句举了2013年海燕台风在菲律宾造成6千多人死亡的例子,空格处需要延续台风危害的话题,补充伤亡相关的内容。
5. 第五空属于台风来袭的应对措施条目,前句提示“待在室内”,空格处要匹配符合室内避险的正确做法的选项。最后验证剩余两个多余选项不符合任何空的逻辑,确认答案正确。
【解析】
1. 第一空:前文提到每年有很多自然灾害,后文开启台风相关的介绍,C选项“台风就在这些自然灾害之中”完美起到过渡引出话题的作用,选C。
2. 第二空:前文说明海水蒸发让空气变热,后文说周围冷空气涌入,F选项“当空气足够暖的时候,它开始向高空上升”刚好解释了热空气上升后留下空缺,冷空气才会涌入的逻辑,前后衔接通顺,选F。
3. 第三空:前文引出台风的结构之一是“风眼”,E选项“在风眼里,风的流速没有那么快”是对风眼特征的直接解释,和后文介绍云墙处风力最强形成对应,选E。
4. 第四空:前文提到海燕台风造成菲律宾6000多人死亡,A选项“更多人受伤,还有一些人失踪”是对台风伤亡危害的补充说明,逻辑连贯,选A。
5. 第五空:该条是室内避险的要求,B选项“关上所有窗户并且远离窗户”是符合台风天待在室内的正确操作,对应后文的其他避险提示,选B。
多余选项D“例如,强风会造成很多问题”、G“它很快就会变冷”均无法匹配文中任何一处的前后逻辑,予以排除。
【答案】
1. C 2. F 3. E 4. A 5. B
【知识点】
阅读还原 上下文逻辑衔接 说明文语篇理解
【点评】
本题是典型的说明文类阅读还原题,话题贴近生活,逻辑链条清晰,主要考查学生对语篇上下文话题延续、逻辑关联的判断能力,解题时只需紧扣每空前后的内容,避免脱离语境主观臆断,就可以顺利选出正确答案,同时也能帮助学生掌握台风相关的科普常识和避险知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类阅读还原题,首先要先通读全文,明确本文的核心主题是介绍台风的相关常识,包括台风的发生场景、形成原理、结构、危害以及台风来袭的应对方法。接下来逐空定位前后文的内容,抓住前后句的话题衔接、逻辑关联来匹配选项:
1. 第一空前句提到“每年有很多自然灾害”,后句直接开始介绍台风是最严重的风暴之一,因此空格处需要起到“引出台风属于自然灾害范畴”的过渡作用,匹配对应选项。
2. 第二空前句讲海水蒸发让空气变热,后句提到“周围更冷的空气会涌入填补空缺”,空格处需要衔接“空气变热”和“冷空气涌入”的中间过程,找到符合逻辑的选项。
3. 第三空前句提到台风的其中一个部分叫“风眼”,后句介绍台风的另一部分是眼周围的云墙,因此空格处是对“风眼”的特征解释,匹配对应选项。
4. 第四空前句举了2013年海燕台风在菲律宾造成6千多人死亡的例子,空格处需要延续台风危害的话题,补充伤亡相关的内容。
5. 第五空属于台风来袭的应对措施条目,前句提示“待在室内”,空格处要匹配符合室内避险的正确做法的选项。最后验证剩余两个多余选项不符合任何空的逻辑,确认答案正确。
【解析】
1. 第一空:前文提到每年有很多自然灾害,后文开启台风相关的介绍,C选项“台风就在这些自然灾害之中”完美起到过渡引出话题的作用,选C。
2. 第二空:前文说明海水蒸发让空气变热,后文说周围冷空气涌入,F选项“当空气足够暖的时候,它开始向高空上升”刚好解释了热空气上升后留下空缺,冷空气才会涌入的逻辑,前后衔接通顺,选F。
3. 第三空:前文引出台风的结构之一是“风眼”,E选项“在风眼里,风的流速没有那么快”是对风眼特征的直接解释,和后文介绍云墙处风力最强形成对应,选E。
4. 第四空:前文提到海燕台风造成菲律宾6000多人死亡,A选项“更多人受伤,还有一些人失踪”是对台风伤亡危害的补充说明,逻辑连贯,选A。
5. 第五空:该条是室内避险的要求,B选项“关上所有窗户并且远离窗户”是符合台风天待在室内的正确操作,对应后文的其他避险提示,选B。
多余选项D“例如,强风会造成很多问题”、G“它很快就会变冷”均无法匹配文中任何一处的前后逻辑,予以排除。
【答案】
1. C 2. F 3. E 4. A 5. B
【知识点】
阅读还原 上下文逻辑衔接 说明文语篇理解
【点评】
本题是典型的说明文类阅读还原题,话题贴近生活,逻辑链条清晰,主要考查学生对语篇上下文话题延续、逻辑关联的判断能力,解题时只需紧扣每空前后的内容,避免脱离语境主观臆断,就可以顺利选出正确答案,同时也能帮助学生掌握台风相关的科普常识和避险知识。
【难度系数】
0.7
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