Ⅰ. 根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成单词
1. The storm is approaching from the
2. Many people come to the zoo to see the
3. Our
4. (2026·无锡锡山区期末) Last weekend, our art teacher asked us to
5. A b
6. (2026·宿迁沭阳怀文中学期末) School is a great place for not only gaining k
7. 对点练→《上分攻略》
P51 重点单词
We need to s
1. The storm is approaching from the
north-east
(东北方), so we need to prepare for it.2. Many people come to the zoo to see the
red-crowned cranes
(丹顶鹤).3. Our
stay
(停留) in the countryside was filled with fresh air and happy memories.4. (2026·无锡锡山区期末) Last weekend, our art teacher asked us to
create
(创造) a small wooden birdhouse.5. A b
balanced
diet with vegetables, fruits, and proteins helps us stay healthy.6. (2026·宿迁沭阳怀文中学期末) School is a great place for not only gaining k
knowledge
but also learning life skills.7. 对点练→《上分攻略》
P51 重点单词
We need to s
solve
this Maths problem before we can move on.答案
1. north-east 2. red-crowned cranes 3. stay 4. create
5. balanced 6. knowledge 7. solve
5. balanced 6. knowledge 7. solve
解析
【分析】
这是一道结合汉语提示、首字母提示的单词拼写题型,解题时首先区分每道题的提示类型:如果给出汉语释义,先对应回忆所学的英文表达,再结合句子的语法要求(词性、单复数、固定搭配规则)调整形式;如果给出首字母提示,先通读句子理解语境含义,结合首字母推断出符合语义的单词,再验证该单词的形式是否适配句子结构,最终确定正确拼写。
【解析】
1. 句意:暴风雨正从东北方逼近,所以我们需要为此做好准备。“东北方”对应的方位类英文名词为north-east,直接填入即可。
2. 句意:很多人来动物园看丹顶鹤。“丹顶鹤”的固定英文表达是red-crowned crane,此处指代这一类物种,使用复数形式red-crowned cranes。
3. 句意:我们在乡村的停留充满了新鲜空气和愉快的回忆。形容词性物主代词Our后需要接名词,“停留”的名词形式为stay。
4. 句意:上周末,我们的美术老师要求我们创造一个小小的木制鸟屋。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 后接动词原形,“创造”对应的动词为create。
5. 句意:包含蔬菜、水果和蛋白质的均衡饮食帮助我们保持健康。根据首字母b和“帮助维持健康”的语境,此处需要形容词修饰diet,表达“均衡的”含义,填入balanced。
6. 句意:学校是一个既能获取知识又能学习生活技能的好地方。根据首字母k和固定搭配gain...(获得……)的语境,此处表示“知识”,knowledge为不可数名词,直接填入即可。
7. 句意:我们需要先解决这道数学题才能继续下一步。根据首字母s和后面的Maths problem的提示,此处表示“解决”,固定搭配need to do sth. 后接动词原形,填入solve。
【答案】
1. north-east 2. red-crowned cranes 3. stay 4. create 5. balanced 6. knowledge 7. solve
【知识点】
核心单词拼写,固定搭配应用,语境词义推断
【点评】
本题属于基础词汇考查类题目,覆盖了不同词性的课内核心词汇,既考察学生对指定汉语释义单词的记忆熟练度,也通过首字母题型考察学生结合语境推导词义的能力,易错点集中在名词单复数、词性适配的细节上,整体是对课内词汇掌握情况的常规检验。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一道结合汉语提示、首字母提示的单词拼写题型,解题时首先区分每道题的提示类型:如果给出汉语释义,先对应回忆所学的英文表达,再结合句子的语法要求(词性、单复数、固定搭配规则)调整形式;如果给出首字母提示,先通读句子理解语境含义,结合首字母推断出符合语义的单词,再验证该单词的形式是否适配句子结构,最终确定正确拼写。
【解析】
1. 句意:暴风雨正从东北方逼近,所以我们需要为此做好准备。“东北方”对应的方位类英文名词为north-east,直接填入即可。
2. 句意:很多人来动物园看丹顶鹤。“丹顶鹤”的固定英文表达是red-crowned crane,此处指代这一类物种,使用复数形式red-crowned cranes。
3. 句意:我们在乡村的停留充满了新鲜空气和愉快的回忆。形容词性物主代词Our后需要接名词,“停留”的名词形式为stay。
4. 句意:上周末,我们的美术老师要求我们创造一个小小的木制鸟屋。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 后接动词原形,“创造”对应的动词为create。
5. 句意:包含蔬菜、水果和蛋白质的均衡饮食帮助我们保持健康。根据首字母b和“帮助维持健康”的语境,此处需要形容词修饰diet,表达“均衡的”含义,填入balanced。
6. 句意:学校是一个既能获取知识又能学习生活技能的好地方。根据首字母k和固定搭配gain...(获得……)的语境,此处表示“知识”,knowledge为不可数名词,直接填入即可。
7. 句意:我们需要先解决这道数学题才能继续下一步。根据首字母s和后面的Maths problem的提示,此处表示“解决”,固定搭配need to do sth. 后接动词原形,填入solve。
【答案】
1. north-east 2. red-crowned cranes 3. stay 4. create 5. balanced 6. knowledge 7. solve
【知识点】
核心单词拼写,固定搭配应用,语境词义推断
【点评】
本题属于基础词汇考查类题目,覆盖了不同词性的课内核心词汇,既考察学生对指定汉语释义单词的记忆熟练度,也通过首字母题型考察学生结合语境推导词义的能力,易错点集中在名词单复数、词性适配的细节上,整体是对课内词汇掌握情况的常规检验。
【难度系数】
0.7
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空,有一个是多余的
wastewater; environment-friendly;
damage; rare; in the daytime; mud
1. Pandas are
2. Many animals sleep during the night and are active
3. Don't walk in the
4. Factories should treat their
5. Using public transportation is an
wastewater; environment-friendly;
damage; rare; in the daytime; mud
1. Pandas are
rare
animals, so we should protect them.2. Many animals sleep during the night and are active
in the daytime
.3. Don't walk in the
mud
, or your shoes will get dirty.4. Factories should treat their
wastewater
before discharging it into rivers.5. Using public transportation is an
environment-friendly
way to travel.答案
1. rare 2. in the daytime 3. mud 4. wastewater
5. environment-friendly
5. environment-friendly
解析
【分析】
首先第一步先梳理方框内所有备选词汇/短语的含义:wastewater(废水)、environment-friendly(环保的)、damage(损害)、rare(稀有的)、in the daytime(在白天)、mud(泥),明确题目要求有1个多余选项。接下来逐句分析句意,判断空格处所需的词性和语义逻辑,匹配对应的备选内容:第一句提到熊猫需要被保护,对应“稀有动物”的语义,匹配形容词;第二句提到动物夜间睡觉,对应相反的活跃时间是白天,匹配时间短语;第三句提到走进去会弄脏鞋子,对应“泥”的语义,匹配名词;第四句提到工厂排入河流前要处理的物质,对应“废水”的语义,匹配名词;第五句描述乘坐公共交通的出行方式属性,对应“环保的”语义,匹配形容词,最后剩余的damage就是多余选项,验证所有空逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 空格后是名词animals,需要形容词作定语修饰,结合后半句“我们应该保护它们”的提示,rare(稀有的、珍稀的)符合熊猫的物种属性,故填rare。
2. 前半句“Many animals sleep during the night”说明动物夜间休息,对应活跃的时间是白天,in the daytime(在白天)作时间状语符合逻辑,故填in the daytime。
3. 定冠词the后接名词作介词in的宾语,结合后半句“your shoes will get dirty”的提示,mud(泥)符合走进去会弄脏鞋子的语境,故填mud。
4. 空格处作动词treat的宾语,结合“Factories”和“discharging it into rivers”的提示,工厂排放到河里的需要提前处理的是废水,wastewater符合语境,故填wastewater。
5. 空格后是名词way,需要形容词作定语修饰,结合主语“Using public transportation”的提示,environment-friendly(环保的)符合公共交通出行的低碳属性,故填environment-friendly。
【答案】
1. rare 2. in the daytime 3. mud 4. wastewater 5. environment-friendly
【知识点】
词义辨析,语境选词,形容词修饰名词
【点评】
本题属于基础的词汇运用题型,核心考查学生对给出的词汇短语的含义掌握程度,解题时只需要先明确所有备选词的意思,再结合句子的前后提示、词性搭配就能快速选出正确答案,多余的干扰项damage很容易排除,适合巩固基础词汇的应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
首先第一步先梳理方框内所有备选词汇/短语的含义:wastewater(废水)、environment-friendly(环保的)、damage(损害)、rare(稀有的)、in the daytime(在白天)、mud(泥),明确题目要求有1个多余选项。接下来逐句分析句意,判断空格处所需的词性和语义逻辑,匹配对应的备选内容:第一句提到熊猫需要被保护,对应“稀有动物”的语义,匹配形容词;第二句提到动物夜间睡觉,对应相反的活跃时间是白天,匹配时间短语;第三句提到走进去会弄脏鞋子,对应“泥”的语义,匹配名词;第四句提到工厂排入河流前要处理的物质,对应“废水”的语义,匹配名词;第五句描述乘坐公共交通的出行方式属性,对应“环保的”语义,匹配形容词,最后剩余的damage就是多余选项,验证所有空逻辑通顺即可。
【解析】
1. 空格后是名词animals,需要形容词作定语修饰,结合后半句“我们应该保护它们”的提示,rare(稀有的、珍稀的)符合熊猫的物种属性,故填rare。
2. 前半句“Many animals sleep during the night”说明动物夜间休息,对应活跃的时间是白天,in the daytime(在白天)作时间状语符合逻辑,故填in the daytime。
3. 定冠词the后接名词作介词in的宾语,结合后半句“your shoes will get dirty”的提示,mud(泥)符合走进去会弄脏鞋子的语境,故填mud。
4. 空格处作动词treat的宾语,结合“Factories”和“discharging it into rivers”的提示,工厂排放到河里的需要提前处理的是废水,wastewater符合语境,故填wastewater。
5. 空格后是名词way,需要形容词作定语修饰,结合主语“Using public transportation”的提示,environment-friendly(环保的)符合公共交通出行的低碳属性,故填environment-friendly。
【答案】
1. rare 2. in the daytime 3. mud 4. wastewater 5. environment-friendly
【知识点】
词义辨析,语境选词,形容词修饰名词
【点评】
本题属于基础的词汇运用题型,核心考查学生对给出的词汇短语的含义掌握程度,解题时只需要先明确所有备选词的意思,再结合句子的前后提示、词性搭配就能快速选出正确答案,多余的干扰项damage很容易排除,适合巩固基础词汇的应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子
1. 哈尔滨位于中国东北的黑龙江省。
Harbin
2. 扎龙自然保护区为许多野生动物提供食物和躲避处。
Zhalong Nature Reserve
3. 许多鸟全年都住在扎龙,而有些鸟只在那里短暂停留。
Many birds live in Zhalong
4. 什么导致了野生动物的空间越来越少?
What
5. 现在中国政府已经制定了法律来防止发生这些事情。
Now
1. 哈尔滨位于中国东北的黑龙江省。
Harbin
is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of
China.2. 扎龙自然保护区为许多野生动物提供食物和躲避处。
Zhalong Nature Reserve
provides food and cover
for a lot of wildlife
.3. 许多鸟全年都住在扎龙,而有些鸟只在那里短暂停留。
Many birds live in Zhalong
all year round
, while
some go there only for a short
stay
.4. 什么导致了野生动物的空间越来越少?
What
leads to less and less
space for wildlife?5. 现在中国政府已经制定了法律来防止发生这些事情。
Now
the Chinese government
has made laws to prevent all these things
.答案
1. is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of
2. provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife
3. all year round; while; only for a short stay
4. leads to less and less
5. the Chinese government; to prevent all these things
2. provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife
3. all year round; while; only for a short stay
4. leads to less and less
5. the Chinese government; to prevent all these things
解析
【分析】
这是一道课内同步的汉译英完成句子题,解题时首先要逐句对照给出的汉语句意,定位挖空部分对应的中文含义,再结合课内所学的固定短语、语法规则(主谓一致、非谓语作目的状语、连词用法等)匹配对应的英文表达:首先注意地名的英文表达顺序从小到大,其次主语为单数时谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式,表对比的连词while、表目的的不定式结构要准确使用,同时熟记单元核心短语的含义,比如all year round、provide sth for sb等,最后核对整句逻辑和语法是否通顺,确保和汉语含义完全对应。
【解析】
1. 第一句主语Harbin是单数第三人称,be动词选用is,按照英文地名从小到大的表达顺序,“黑龙江省”译为Heilongjiang Province,“在中国东北”译为in the north-east of China,组合后填入对应空缺即可。
2. 第二句主语Zhalong Nature Reserve是单数,谓语动词用三单形式,固定搭配provide sth for...表示“为…提供…”,“食物和躲避处”译为food and cover,“许多野生动物”译为a lot of wildlife,因此填入provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife。
3. 第三句“全年”的固定短语是all year round;第二空表前后对比含义“而”,用连词while;“只短暂停留”译为only for a short stay,依次填入对应位置即可。
4. 第四句固定搭配lead to表示“导致”,主语what视为单数,谓语变为三单形式leads to,修饰不可数名词space的“越来越少”译为less and less,组合后填入leads to less and less。
5. 第五句“中国政府”的标准表达是the Chinese government;第二空用不定式作目的状语,对应“来防止这些事情”译为to prevent all these things,填入对应空缺即可。
【答案】
1. is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of
2. provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife
3. all year round; while; only for a short stay
4. leads to less and less
5. the Chinese government; to prevent all these things
【知识点】
固定短语搭配
主谓一致规则
方位表达用法
【点评】
本题围绕地点描述、生态保护的单元主题设置考点,全部来自课内核心知识点,既考查学生对重点短语的识记能力,也兼顾了主谓一致、连词用法、非谓语作状语等基础语法的应用,能够有效检验学生对课内基础内容的掌握程度,提醒学生在记忆短语的同时也要关注语法细节,避免出现形式错误。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一道课内同步的汉译英完成句子题,解题时首先要逐句对照给出的汉语句意,定位挖空部分对应的中文含义,再结合课内所学的固定短语、语法规则(主谓一致、非谓语作目的状语、连词用法等)匹配对应的英文表达:首先注意地名的英文表达顺序从小到大,其次主语为单数时谓语动词要使用第三人称单数形式,表对比的连词while、表目的的不定式结构要准确使用,同时熟记单元核心短语的含义,比如all year round、provide sth for sb等,最后核对整句逻辑和语法是否通顺,确保和汉语含义完全对应。
【解析】
1. 第一句主语Harbin是单数第三人称,be动词选用is,按照英文地名从小到大的表达顺序,“黑龙江省”译为Heilongjiang Province,“在中国东北”译为in the north-east of China,组合后填入对应空缺即可。
2. 第二句主语Zhalong Nature Reserve是单数,谓语动词用三单形式,固定搭配provide sth for...表示“为…提供…”,“食物和躲避处”译为food and cover,“许多野生动物”译为a lot of wildlife,因此填入provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife。
3. 第三句“全年”的固定短语是all year round;第二空表前后对比含义“而”,用连词while;“只短暂停留”译为only for a short stay,依次填入对应位置即可。
4. 第四句固定搭配lead to表示“导致”,主语what视为单数,谓语变为三单形式leads to,修饰不可数名词space的“越来越少”译为less and less,组合后填入leads to less and less。
5. 第五句“中国政府”的标准表达是the Chinese government;第二空用不定式作目的状语,对应“来防止这些事情”译为to prevent all these things,填入对应空缺即可。
【答案】
1. is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of
2. provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife
3. all year round; while; only for a short stay
4. leads to less and less
5. the Chinese government; to prevent all these things
【知识点】
固定短语搭配
主谓一致规则
方位表达用法
【点评】
本题围绕地点描述、生态保护的单元主题设置考点,全部来自课内核心知识点,既考查学生对重点短语的识记能力,也兼顾了主谓一致、连词用法、非谓语作状语等基础语法的应用,能够有效检验学生对课内基础内容的掌握程度,提醒学生在记忆短语的同时也要关注语法细节,避免出现形式错误。
【难度系数】
0.7
Ⅳ.(2026·苏州立达、沧浪、景范中学阶段检测)阅读理解
What colour are icebergs(冰山)? Just white or blue? Surprisingly, there are green icebergs in Antarctica(南极洲). Their unusual colour has confused scientists for decades. But they have finally solved the mystery of the green icebergs.
Icebergs are large masses of ice that float (漂浮) in the sea. Icebergs form after breaking away from glaciers(冰川) and ice shelves. Most icebergs are white. There are also many icebergs in Antarctica that are blue. Glacial ice contains a lot of small air bubbles(气泡). The icebergs appear to be blue because the air bubbles reflect blue light.
However, there are no air bubbles in green icebergs, which means these icebergs are made out of sea ice rather than glacial ice.
But why does sea ice look green? Scientists at the University of Washington, USA, found the reason—iron oxide(氧化铁). It comes from rock dust found on the Antarctic mainland.
After studying the green icebergs, scientists found that they have 500 times more iron than glacial ice, according to *Newsweek*. "The iron comes from bedrock in the ocean. When glaciers grind(碾磨) against bedrock, a powder(粉末) that is rich in iron is created. The powder later mixes with ocean water, which then freezes as green sea ice," Stephen Warren from the university said.
This is an important finding, as these green icebergs can deliver iron to far parts of the ocean. There, tiny sea plants use the iron as a nutrient(营养物). "We thought green icebergs were just a curiosity," Warren said to *Newsweek*. "But now they may actually be important."
1. What makes icebergs blue in colour in the text?
A. Iron oxide.
B. Sea plants.
C. Air bubbles in glacial ice.
D. Rock dust from the mainland.
2. Why are the green icebergs important for the ocean ecosystem?
A. They provide shelter to sea animals.
B. They create nutrient for sea plants.
C. They clean the air around the ocean.
D. They give out green light good for sea animals.
3. What does the underlined word "curiosity" in the last paragraph most likely mean?
A. Something unusual and interesting.
B. Something boring but important.
C. Something easy to understand.
D. Something not worth looking into.
4. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Glaciers have four different colours.
B. Sea ice does not contain air bubbles.
C. Antarctic animals feed on colourful icebergs.
D. Green icebergs are only found in Antarctica.
What colour are icebergs(冰山)? Just white or blue? Surprisingly, there are green icebergs in Antarctica(南极洲). Their unusual colour has confused scientists for decades. But they have finally solved the mystery of the green icebergs.
Icebergs are large masses of ice that float (漂浮) in the sea. Icebergs form after breaking away from glaciers(冰川) and ice shelves. Most icebergs are white. There are also many icebergs in Antarctica that are blue. Glacial ice contains a lot of small air bubbles(气泡). The icebergs appear to be blue because the air bubbles reflect blue light.
However, there are no air bubbles in green icebergs, which means these icebergs are made out of sea ice rather than glacial ice.
But why does sea ice look green? Scientists at the University of Washington, USA, found the reason—iron oxide(氧化铁). It comes from rock dust found on the Antarctic mainland.
After studying the green icebergs, scientists found that they have 500 times more iron than glacial ice, according to *Newsweek*. "The iron comes from bedrock in the ocean. When glaciers grind(碾磨) against bedrock, a powder(粉末) that is rich in iron is created. The powder later mixes with ocean water, which then freezes as green sea ice," Stephen Warren from the university said.
This is an important finding, as these green icebergs can deliver iron to far parts of the ocean. There, tiny sea plants use the iron as a nutrient(营养物). "We thought green icebergs were just a curiosity," Warren said to *Newsweek*. "But now they may actually be important."
1. What makes icebergs blue in colour in the text?
A. Iron oxide.
B. Sea plants.
C. Air bubbles in glacial ice.
D. Rock dust from the mainland.
2. Why are the green icebergs important for the ocean ecosystem?
A. They provide shelter to sea animals.
B. They create nutrient for sea plants.
C. They clean the air around the ocean.
D. They give out green light good for sea animals.
3. What does the underlined word "curiosity" in the last paragraph most likely mean?
A. Something unusual and interesting.
B. Something boring but important.
C. Something easy to understand.
D. Something not worth looking into.
4. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Glaciers have four different colours.
B. Sea ice does not contain air bubbles.
C. Antarctic animals feed on colourful icebergs.
D. Green icebergs are only found in Antarctica.
答案
[文章大意]本文主要介绍了南极洲冰山的不同颜色及其成因,尤其是绿色冰山的形成原因及其对海洋生态系统的重要性。
1. C [解析]细节理解题。根据"Glacial ice contains a lot of small air bubbles(气泡). The icebergs appear to be blue because the air bubbles reflect blue light."可知,冰山呈现蓝色是因为其中的气泡反射蓝光。故选C。
2. B [解析]细节理解题。根据"This is an important finding, as these green icebergs can deliver iron to far parts of the ocean. There, tiny sea plants use the iron as a nutrient(营养物)."可知,因为绿色冰山为海洋植物提供了营养。故选B。
3. A [解析]词义猜测题。根据"'We thought green icebergs were just a curiosity,' Warren said to Newsweek.'But now they may actually be important.'"可知,人们曾认为绿色冰山只是一种奇特现象,但现在发现了它的重要性。"curiosity"应是指"不寻常且有趣的事物"。故选A。
技巧点拨 对于词义猜测这种题型,首先定位生词,然后依托上下文猜义,看前后同义词、反义词(如but连接的对立关系);找解释说明(破折号、定语从句等)或者借逻辑(因果、举例)推断。也可关注词根词缀(如un-表否定)。最后带入文本检查,避免脱离语境,优选和上下文契合的含义。
4. B [解析]推理判断题。根据"However, there are no air bubbles in green icebergs, which means these icebergs are made out of sea ice rather than glacial ice."可知,绿色冰山由海冰构成且不含气泡,因此可推断出海冰本身不含气泡。故选B。
1. C [解析]细节理解题。根据"Glacial ice contains a lot of small air bubbles(气泡). The icebergs appear to be blue because the air bubbles reflect blue light."可知,冰山呈现蓝色是因为其中的气泡反射蓝光。故选C。
2. B [解析]细节理解题。根据"This is an important finding, as these green icebergs can deliver iron to far parts of the ocean. There, tiny sea plants use the iron as a nutrient(营养物)."可知,因为绿色冰山为海洋植物提供了营养。故选B。
3. A [解析]词义猜测题。根据"'We thought green icebergs were just a curiosity,' Warren said to Newsweek.'But now they may actually be important.'"可知,人们曾认为绿色冰山只是一种奇特现象,但现在发现了它的重要性。"curiosity"应是指"不寻常且有趣的事物"。故选A。
技巧点拨 对于词义猜测这种题型,首先定位生词,然后依托上下文猜义,看前后同义词、反义词(如but连接的对立关系);找解释说明(破折号、定语从句等)或者借逻辑(因果、举例)推断。也可关注词根词缀(如un-表否定)。最后带入文本检查,避免脱离语境,优选和上下文契合的含义。
4. B [解析]推理判断题。根据"However, there are no air bubbles in green icebergs, which means these icebergs are made out of sea ice rather than glacial ice."可知,绿色冰山由海冰构成且不含气泡,因此可推断出海冰本身不含气泡。故选B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解,解题时可以按照题型特征分步思考:
1. 前两道是细节理解题,直接提取题干中的核心关键词,比如第一题的"icebergs blue"、第二题的"green icebergs important ocean ecosystem",回到原文对应段落定位,找到和选项匹配的原文表述即可快速锁定答案。
2. 第三题是词义猜测题,重点关注划线词所在句的转折逻辑,句中用but连接前后内容,说明前后语义相反,前面说原本认为它只是curiosity,后面转折说现在发现它其实很重要,结合前文提到绿色冰山的颜色很奇特、困扰科学家数十年的背景,就能推导出词义。
3. 第四题是推理判断题,需要逐一比对每个选项和原文内容,排除无中生有、表述绝对的错误选项,选出符合逻辑推导的正确结论,注意不能选没有原文依据的过度推断内容。
【解析】
逐题分析如下:
1. 第1题:根据原文第二段"Glacial ice contains a lot of small air bubbles(气泡). The icebergs appear to be blue because the air bubbles reflect blue light."可知,冰川冰里的气泡反射蓝光让冰山呈现蓝色。A选项氧化铁是绿色冰山的成因,B选项文中未提及海草让冰山变蓝,D选项大陆上的岩尘和蓝色冰山无关,因此选C。
2. 第2题:根据原文最后一段"This is an important finding, as these green icebergs can deliver iron to far parts of the ocean. There, tiny sea plants use the iron as a nutrient(营养物)."可知,绿色冰山可以将铁输送到远海,为海洋微型植物提供营养,对海洋生态很重要。A选项为海洋动物提供庇护、C选项净化海洋周边空气、D选项释放对海洋动物有益的绿光,原文均无相关表述,因此选B。
3. 第3题:划线词所在句用but形成转折,说明前后语义对立:过去人们觉得绿色冰山只是curiosity,现在发现它实际有重要作用。结合第一段提到绿色冰山的奇特颜色困扰科学家数十年的背景,可推知curiosity指的是"不寻常、有意思的奇特事物"。B选项"无聊但重要的事物"和后文转折矛盾,C选项"容易理解的事物"不符合它曾困扰科学家的背景,D选项"不值得研究的事物"和原文表述不符,因此选A。
4. 第4题:根据原文第三段"However, there are no air bubbles in green icebergs, which means these icebergs are made out of sea ice rather than glacial ice."可知,由海冰构成的绿色冰山完全没有气泡,可推导出海冰本身不含气泡。A选项文中仅提到白色、蓝色、绿色三种冰山,没有四种颜色的表述;C选项完全无中生有,原文没提到南极动物食用彩色冰山;D选项原文仅提到南极有绿色冰山,没有说明绿色冰山仅存在于南极,表述绝对,因此选B。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B
【知识点】
细节信息定位,词义猜测技巧,阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段典型的科普类阅读考题,考点覆盖了阅读理解最常考的三类核心题型,难度梯度设置合理,既考察学生快速从原文抓取关键信息的能力,也通过词义猜测和推理判断题引导学生关注文本逻辑,避免脱离原文主观臆断,帮助学生养成严谨的阅读解题习惯。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解,解题时可以按照题型特征分步思考:
1. 前两道是细节理解题,直接提取题干中的核心关键词,比如第一题的"icebergs blue"、第二题的"green icebergs important ocean ecosystem",回到原文对应段落定位,找到和选项匹配的原文表述即可快速锁定答案。
2. 第三题是词义猜测题,重点关注划线词所在句的转折逻辑,句中用but连接前后内容,说明前后语义相反,前面说原本认为它只是curiosity,后面转折说现在发现它其实很重要,结合前文提到绿色冰山的颜色很奇特、困扰科学家数十年的背景,就能推导出词义。
3. 第四题是推理判断题,需要逐一比对每个选项和原文内容,排除无中生有、表述绝对的错误选项,选出符合逻辑推导的正确结论,注意不能选没有原文依据的过度推断内容。
【解析】
逐题分析如下:
1. 第1题:根据原文第二段"Glacial ice contains a lot of small air bubbles(气泡). The icebergs appear to be blue because the air bubbles reflect blue light."可知,冰川冰里的气泡反射蓝光让冰山呈现蓝色。A选项氧化铁是绿色冰山的成因,B选项文中未提及海草让冰山变蓝,D选项大陆上的岩尘和蓝色冰山无关,因此选C。
2. 第2题:根据原文最后一段"This is an important finding, as these green icebergs can deliver iron to far parts of the ocean. There, tiny sea plants use the iron as a nutrient(营养物)."可知,绿色冰山可以将铁输送到远海,为海洋微型植物提供营养,对海洋生态很重要。A选项为海洋动物提供庇护、C选项净化海洋周边空气、D选项释放对海洋动物有益的绿光,原文均无相关表述,因此选B。
3. 第3题:划线词所在句用but形成转折,说明前后语义对立:过去人们觉得绿色冰山只是curiosity,现在发现它实际有重要作用。结合第一段提到绿色冰山的奇特颜色困扰科学家数十年的背景,可推知curiosity指的是"不寻常、有意思的奇特事物"。B选项"无聊但重要的事物"和后文转折矛盾,C选项"容易理解的事物"不符合它曾困扰科学家的背景,D选项"不值得研究的事物"和原文表述不符,因此选A。
4. 第4题:根据原文第三段"However, there are no air bubbles in green icebergs, which means these icebergs are made out of sea ice rather than glacial ice."可知,由海冰构成的绿色冰山完全没有气泡,可推导出海冰本身不含气泡。A选项文中仅提到白色、蓝色、绿色三种冰山,没有四种颜色的表述;C选项完全无中生有,原文没提到南极动物食用彩色冰山;D选项原文仅提到南极有绿色冰山,没有说明绿色冰山仅存在于南极,表述绝对,因此选B。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B
【知识点】
细节信息定位,词义猜测技巧,阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段典型的科普类阅读考题,考点覆盖了阅读理解最常考的三类核心题型,难度梯度设置合理,既考察学生快速从原文抓取关键信息的能力,也通过词义猜测和推理判断题引导学生关注文本逻辑,避免脱离原文主观臆断,帮助学生养成严谨的阅读解题习惯。
【难度系数】
0.7
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