◆ 重点短语识记 ◆
1. 根据……
2. 在我们日常生活中
3. 开了个好头
4. 造成大量的损害
5. 在最近40年
6. 对……有很多影响/作用
7. 努力改变这种状况
8. 处理沙漠化问题
9. 充满了沙子
10. 全力以赴做……
11. 环保
12. 给某人……的希望
13. 专注于减少浪费和污染
14. 缩短淋浴时间
15. 遵循这些简单的步骤
16. 此外、另外
17. 拒绝一次性塑料袋
18. 收集电子产品用于回收利用

1. according to
2. in our daily lives
3. make a good start
4. cause a lot of damage
5. in the last 40 years
6. have many effects on...
7. try to change the situation
8. deal with the problem of desertification
9. be full of sand
10. do one's best to do...
11. environmentally friendly
12. give sb. hope of...
13. focus on reducing waste and pollution
14. take shorter showers
15. follow these simple steps
16. what's more / in addition
17. say no to disposable plastic bags
18. collect electronic products for recycling

这些是本单元要求掌握的重点汉译英短语，需牢记固定搭配、介词使用及词汇的正确拼写，符合八年级下册英语的学习要求。

一、短文填空：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空
World Environment Day, falling (1) June 5th each year, is organized by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Since its (2) (start) in 1973, it has become the world's largest platform for environmental public outreach.
World Environment Day aims to highlight the (3) (important) of environmental protection across the world. Moreover, it wants to raise global (4) (aware) of environmental problems and encourage people (5) (take) action. Each year, it focuses on a different environmental issue. For example, in 2024, the theme was about land restoration, (6) (stop) desertification, and building drought resilience. On this day, various activities (7) (hold) around the world. These include tree - planting events, clean - up campaigns, and (8) (education) talks in schools and communities.
In the future, World Environment Day hopes to (9) (far) motivate governments to make stricter environmental policies. It also aims to inspire more people, especially the younger generation, to make daily eco - friendly (10) (choose), like reducing waste and using renewable energy. Only by working together can we create a sustainable future for our planet.

1. on 2. start 3. importance 4. awareness 5. to take 6. stopping 7. are held 8. educational 9. further 10. choices

1. 具体日期前需用介词on，故填on。
2. its为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，start的名词形式为start，意为“开端”，故填start。
3. the后接名词，important的名词形式是importance，"the importance of..."为固定表达，意为“……的重要性”，故填importance。
4. global是形容词，后接名词，aware的名词形式是awareness，"raise global awareness"意为“提高全球意识”，故填awareness。
5. "encourage sb. to do sth."是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to take。
6. 此处与"land restoration"、"building drought resilience"并列作about的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填stopping。
7. activities与hold是被动关系，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，故填are held。
8. 修饰名词talks需用形容词，education的形容词形式是educational，意为“有教育意义的”，故填educational。
9. 此处表示抽象意义的“进一步”，far的比较级further符合语境，故填further。
10. make后接名词，choose的名词形式是choice，结合语境表示多种选择，应用复数形式choices，故填choices。

二、阅读短文，将短文中的汉语翻译成英语
Going green is easy with the three R's: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Let's learn how to start!
First, reduce waste and energy. We can save water (1) (通过缩短淋浴时间) and turn off lights when leaving a room to cut energy use.
Also, (2) (拒绝一次性塑料袋和塑料瓶)—bring your own reusable ones instead. (3) (关掉水龙头) when we brush our teeth is another way to help save water.
Next, reuse items to avoid waste. (4) (把旧衣服和旧书捐给慈善机构) so others can use them. (5) (在二手商店购物) is another great way to reuse things and save resources.
Finally, recycle properly. We should learn to (6) (垃圾分类). Separate paper, plastic, and glass from regular trash and put them in recycling bins. Don't (7) (忘记收集用过的电池和电子产品)—they need special recycling to protect the environment.
If we following these simple steps and work together, we can (8) (产生巨大的影响，享受一个更洁净、更环保的世界).

(1) by taking shorter showers/by shortening shower time
(2) say no to single-use plastic bags and plastic bottles
(3) Turning off the tap(s)
(4) Donate old clothes and books to charities
(5) Shopping in second-hand stores
(6) sort waste into different groups/separate the rubbish
(7) forget to collect used batteries and electronic products
(8) make a big difference and enjoy a cleaner, more environmentally-friendly world

本题要求根据汉语提示翻译短语，需结合八年级下册所学的介词用法、动名词作主语、固定短语等知识点完成，翻译时要符合英语表达习惯，且词汇和语法不超纲。
1. “通过缩短淋浴时间”用by taking shorter showers，by后接动名词短语表方式，是八年级重点介词用法；也可译为by shortening shower time。
2. “拒绝一次性塑料袋和塑料瓶”用say no to single-use plastic bags and plastic bottles，say no to是八年级常用短语，single-use表示“一次性的”，符合该年级词汇范围。
3. “关掉水龙头”在句中作主语，需用动名词短语Turning off the tap(s)，动名词短语作主语是八年级核心语法点之一。
4. “把旧衣服和旧书捐给慈善机构”用Donate old clothes and books to charities，donate...to是八年级所学的固定搭配，表“捐赠给……”。
5. “在二手商店购物”在句中作主语，用动名词短语Shopping in second-hand stores，second-hand是八年级常见形容词，意为“二手的”。
6. “垃圾分类”用sort waste into different groups，sort是八年级常用动词，表“分类”；也可简化为separate the rubbish，符合该年级表达。
7. “忘记收集用过的电池和电子产品”用forget to collect used batteries and electronic products，forget to do sth是八年级重点短语，表“忘记去做某事”。
8. “产生巨大的影响，享受一个更洁净、更环保的世界”用make a big difference and enjoy a cleaner, more environmentally-friendly world，make a difference是八年级常用短语，形容词比较级的用法也符合该年级语法要求。

三、阅读短文，回答问题(答案不超过5个单词)
Copenhagen: A Green City
Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, is famous as a green city. It has done a great job in protecting the environment.
First, Copenhagen focuses on reducing pollution. The city encourages people to use public transportation, bikes, or walk. In fact, over 50% of the people there ride bikes every day! This not only cuts down air pollution but also helps people stay healthy. The city also uses wind turbines to make clean energy, which greatly reduces its use of fossil fuels.
Second, Copenhagen emphasizes reusing resources. Many shops and restaurants in the city use reusable containers. For example, instead of using plastic take - away boxes, they use metal or glass ones that can be washed and used again.
Finally, recycling is highly developed in Copenhagen. The city has a well - organized recycling system. People separate their waste into different bins for paper, plastic, glass, and metal. The separated waste is then recycled and turned into new products.
In the future, Copenhagen plans to become carbon - neutral by 2025. It will keep promoting green energy use and encourage more people to live an eco - friendly life. Copenhagen shows us that a city can grow while protecting the environment, and we can all learn from its green practices.
1. What is Copenhagen famous as?

2. How do over 50% of people travel daily?

3. Why does the city encourage biking?

4. What does Copenhagen use for clean energy?

1. A green city.
2. Ride bikes.
3. Cut pollution & stay healthy.
4. Wind turbines.

1. 根据短文第一段第一句可知，哥本哈根作为绿色城市而出名；2. 根据短文第二段第三句可知，当地超50%的人日常骑自行车出行；3. 根据短文第二段第四句可知，鼓励骑车既能减少空气污染，又能帮助人们保持健康；4. 根据短文第二段最后一句可知，哥本哈根使用风力涡轮机来制造清洁能源。