Ⅳ. Read the text and identify the structure.
Mexico has one of the highest rates of soda consumption in the world, a fact of significant concern to those who promote public health. Several years ago, the Mexican government decided to address this issue. The problem they faced was how to encourage people to drink less soda. The solution they settled on was to impose a tax on soft drinks. This appears to have helped, as soda consumption in Mexico has gone down since the introduction of the tax.
() Which organizational structure does this text mainly use?
A. compare-contrast
B. problem-solution
C. cause-effect
D. sequential

B

该文本首先提出了墨西哥面临的高苏打水消费率的问题（The problem they faced was how to encourage people to drink less soda.），然后描述了墨西哥政府采取的解决方案，即对软饮料征税（The solution they settled on was to impose a tax on soft drinks.），最后指出了该措施带来的结果（soda consumption in Mexico has gone down since the introduction of the tax.）。这种先提出问题再给出解决方案的结构符合问题-解决方案（problem-solution）的组织结构。

Ⅴ. Vocabulary.
Understanding analogies.
Analogies show the relationships between two pairs of words. If you make or draw an analogy between two things, you show that they are similar in some way. It’s a comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features.
Finger is to hand as petal is to flower.
A finger is part of a hand. A petal is part of a flower.
Here are some common analogy relationships:

Choose the correct word to complete the analogy.
() 1. Chemist is to scientist as journalist is to.
A. newspaper
B. writer
C. professor
() 2. Sparrow is to animal as broccoli is to.
A. vegetable
B. fruit
C. ingredient
() 3. Aide is to assist as instructor is to.
A. learn
B. teach
C. write
() 4. Chess is to game as joy is to.
A. emotion
B. feel
C. happiness

1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A

1. "Chemist is to scientist" 表示职业与所属类别关系，chemist（化学家）属于scientist（科学家）。journalist（记者）属于writer（作家），选B。
2. "Sparrow is to animal" 是物品与类别关系，sparrow（麻雀）是animal（动物）的一种。broccoli（西兰花）是vegetable（蔬菜）的一种，选A。
3. "Aide is to assist" 是职业与动作目的关系，aide（助手）的目的是assist（协助）。instructor（教师）的目的是teach（教学），选B。
4. "Chess is to game" 是物品与类别关系，chess（象棋）是game（游戏）的一种。joy（喜悦）是emotion（情感）的一种，选A。