四、阅读理解
Australia (澳大利亚) has 439 rivers, but a lot of these rivers are quite small and are tributaries (支流) that flow (流动) into larger rivers. So, in this teaching wiki (百科), we will talk about Australia's largest and longest rivers. Hope you will know more about the rivers of Australia and help students learn about them.
There are seven main rivers in Australia and they belong to (属于) two systems (系统), the Murray-Darling Basin and the Lake Eyre Basin. The Murray-Darling Basin is in the south-east of Australia. It produces one third of Australia's food and is home to many kinds of fish, snakes and so on. The Lake Eyre Basin is the largest basin in Australia. It covers over 1.2 million square kilometres. The rivers in this basin sometimes become quite dry because of little rain in some seasons, but during rainy seasons they flow freely.
Here is a table of the seven main rivers.

(
A. 2. B. 6. C. 7. D. 439.
(
A. history B. system C. length D. name
(
A. Paroo River is the shortest river in Australia.
B. All tributaries are quite small in Australia.
C. One third of Australia's water comes from the Murray-Darling Basin.
D. There can be no water in Cooper Creek during some time of the year.
(
A. Teachers. B. Students. C. Parents. D. Scientists.
Australia (澳大利亚) has 439 rivers, but a lot of these rivers are quite small and are tributaries (支流) that flow (流动) into larger rivers. So, in this teaching wiki (百科), we will talk about Australia's largest and longest rivers. Hope you will know more about the rivers of Australia and help students learn about them.
There are seven main rivers in Australia and they belong to (属于) two systems (系统), the Murray-Darling Basin and the Lake Eyre Basin. The Murray-Darling Basin is in the south-east of Australia. It produces one third of Australia's food and is home to many kinds of fish, snakes and so on. The Lake Eyre Basin is the largest basin in Australia. It covers over 1.2 million square kilometres. The rivers in this basin sometimes become quite dry because of little rain in some seasons, but during rainy seasons they flow freely.
Here is a table of the seven main rivers.
(
B
) 1. How many main rivers belong to the Murray-Darling system?A. 2. B. 6. C. 7. D. 439.
(
C
) 2. The writer puts the seven rivers in the table according (根据) to their length
.A. history B. system C. length D. name
(
D
) 3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Paroo River is the shortest river in Australia.
B. All tributaries are quite small in Australia.
C. One third of Australia's water comes from the Murray-Darling Basin.
D. There can be no water in Cooper Creek during some time of the year.
(
A
) 4. Who might this passage be written for?A. Teachers. B. Students. C. Parents. D. Scientists.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
解析
【分析】
这是一篇结合文字+表格的科普类阅读理解题,解题思路如下:
1. 解第1题时,直接定位表格的System列,统计所有属于Murray-Darling的河流数量,排除唯一属于Lake Eyre的河流,即可得到正确结果。
2. 解第2题时,观察表格Length(km)列的数值变化规律,就能直接判断表格的排序依据。
3. 解第3题时,将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对,排除偷换概念、表述绝对、不符合原文的错误选项,选出描述正确的项。
4. 解第4题时,定位原文里的"teaching wiki"、"help students learn about them"等提示信息,即可判断文章的目标受众。
【解析】
1. 统计表格中System列为Murray-Darling的河流:Murray River、Murrumbidgee River、Darling River、Lachlan River、Warrego River、Paroo River,一共6条,仅Cooper Creek属于Lake Eyre系统,因此选B。
2. 观察Length(km)列的数值:2375→1485→1472→1448→1380→1300→1210,数值从大到小依次递减,说明表格是按照河流长度从长到短排列的,因此选C。
3. 逐一核对选项:
选项A:原文提到澳大利亚共有439条河流,很多都非常小,Paroo River只是7条主要河流里最短的,并非全澳大利亚最短的河流,表述错误。
选项B:原文表述为"a lot of these rivers are quite small and are tributaries",是很多支流很小,并非所有支流都很小,"all"表述过于绝对,错误。
选项C:原文说明墨累-达令盆地产出澳大利亚三分之一的食物,并非三分之一的水资源,属于偷换概念,错误。
选项D:Cooper Creek属于Lake Eyre流域,原文提到该流域的河流在少雨的季节会变得非常干旱,所以一年中部分时段Cooper Creek可能没有水,描述正确。
因此本题选D。
4. 原文明确说明这是教学百科内容,创作目的是辅助老师给学生讲解澳大利亚河流相关知识,因此文章的目标读者是教师,选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位
阅读理解逻辑推理
图文信息匹配
【点评】
本题结合文字材料和表格数据综合考查阅读能力,既要求学生精准排查细节、排除常见的绝对化表述、偷换概念类干扰项,也需要学生观察表格数据特征判断排序逻辑,难度适中,能有效锻炼学生结合多源信息处理阅读题的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇结合文字+表格的科普类阅读理解题,解题思路如下:
1. 解第1题时,直接定位表格的System列,统计所有属于Murray-Darling的河流数量,排除唯一属于Lake Eyre的河流,即可得到正确结果。
2. 解第2题时,观察表格Length(km)列的数值变化规律,就能直接判断表格的排序依据。
3. 解第3题时,将每个选项和原文内容逐一比对,排除偷换概念、表述绝对、不符合原文的错误选项,选出描述正确的项。
4. 解第4题时,定位原文里的"teaching wiki"、"help students learn about them"等提示信息,即可判断文章的目标受众。
【解析】
1. 统计表格中System列为Murray-Darling的河流:Murray River、Murrumbidgee River、Darling River、Lachlan River、Warrego River、Paroo River,一共6条,仅Cooper Creek属于Lake Eyre系统,因此选B。
2. 观察Length(km)列的数值:2375→1485→1472→1448→1380→1300→1210,数值从大到小依次递减,说明表格是按照河流长度从长到短排列的,因此选C。
3. 逐一核对选项:
选项A:原文提到澳大利亚共有439条河流,很多都非常小,Paroo River只是7条主要河流里最短的,并非全澳大利亚最短的河流,表述错误。
选项B:原文表述为"a lot of these rivers are quite small and are tributaries",是很多支流很小,并非所有支流都很小,"all"表述过于绝对,错误。
选项C:原文说明墨累-达令盆地产出澳大利亚三分之一的食物,并非三分之一的水资源,属于偷换概念,错误。
选项D:Cooper Creek属于Lake Eyre流域,原文提到该流域的河流在少雨的季节会变得非常干旱,所以一年中部分时段Cooper Creek可能没有水,描述正确。
因此本题选D。
4. 原文明确说明这是教学百科内容,创作目的是辅助老师给学生讲解澳大利亚河流相关知识,因此文章的目标读者是教师,选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位
阅读理解逻辑推理
图文信息匹配
【点评】
本题结合文字材料和表格数据综合考查阅读能力,既要求学生精准排查细节、排除常见的绝对化表述、偷换概念类干扰项,也需要学生观察表格数据特征判断排序逻辑,难度适中,能有效锻炼学生结合多源信息处理阅读题的能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
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