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Week 5
Thursday 任务型阅读
主题: 健康知识
语篇类型: 说明文
词数: 173
难度: ■■■■
建议用时: 8分钟
答案页码: P13
文章音频 精讲视频
A birthday cake is not complete without candles. But a new study finds that when you blow out the candles, saliva droplets (唾液飞沫) land on the cake. These droplets can spread (传播) bacteria (细菌) all over the cake.
Scientists from Clemson University did a study. They used round foam to make fake (假的) birthday cakes, covered them with foil (箔纸), and then put frosting (糖霜) and candles on top. They asked 11 people to eat pizza first to stimulate (刺激) saliva production (分泌). Then the people took a deep breath and blew out the candles. The scientists checked the cakes later. *They found that blowing out the candles increased the number of bacteria on the frosting by 14 times on average (平均).
But don't worry. Most bacteria in our mouths are not bad for us. So it's not a big problem. If you want to be safer, you can wave your hands to put out the candles. If the person blowing out the candles is sick, you'd better not eat the cake.
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
1 What will happen when you blow out the candles on the birthday cake?
2 Why did the scientists ask the 11 people to eat pizza first?
3 Did the number of bacteria on the frosting stay the same after people blew out the candles?
4 What safer ways can we use instead of (代替) blowing out candles?
5 A person is sick and he blows out the candles on the cake. What should we do?
Thursday 任务型阅读
主题: 健康知识
语篇类型: 说明文
词数: 173
难度: ■■■■
建议用时: 8分钟
答案页码: P13
文章音频 精讲视频
A birthday cake is not complete without candles. But a new study finds that when you blow out the candles, saliva droplets (唾液飞沫) land on the cake. These droplets can spread (传播) bacteria (细菌) all over the cake.
Scientists from Clemson University did a study. They used round foam to make fake (假的) birthday cakes, covered them with foil (箔纸), and then put frosting (糖霜) and candles on top. They asked 11 people to eat pizza first to stimulate (刺激) saliva production (分泌). Then the people took a deep breath and blew out the candles. The scientists checked the cakes later. *They found that blowing out the candles increased the number of bacteria on the frosting by 14 times on average (平均).
But don't worry. Most bacteria in our mouths are not bad for us. So it's not a big problem. If you want to be safer, you can wave your hands to put out the candles. If the person blowing out the candles is sick, you'd better not eat the cake.
阅读短文，回答下列问题。
1 What will happen when you blow out the candles on the birthday cake?
Our saliva droplets will land on the cake and spread bacteria all over it.
2 Why did the scientists ask the 11 people to eat pizza first?
To stimulate saliva production. /Because they wanted to stimulate saliva production.
3 Did the number of bacteria on the frosting stay the same after people blew out the candles?
No, it didn't. / No, it increased by 14 times on average.
4 What safer ways can we use instead of (代替) blowing out candles?
We can wave our hands to put out the candles.
5 A person is sick and he blows out the candles on the cake. What should we do?
We'd better not eat the cake.
答案
Thursday 任务型阅读
最新研究发现,吹灭蜡烛会让蛋糕上的细菌大幅增加,但别担心——这些细菌大多无害,不会带来严重的健康问题。文章还分享了更安全的熄灭蜡烛方式,同时提醒:如果吹灭蜡烛的人生病了,你最好避免食用这个蛋糕。
1. Our saliva droplets will land on the cake and spread bacteria all over it. 由第一段第二、三句 ... when you blow out the candles, saliva droplets land on the cake. These droplets can spread bacteria all over the cake. 可知,当我们吹灭蜡烛时,我们的唾液飞沫会落在蛋糕上,而这些飞沫会将细菌传播到整个蛋糕。
2. To stimulate saliva production. /Because they wanted to stimulate saliva production. 由第二段第三句 They asked 11 people to eat pizza first to stimulate saliva production. 可知,科学家让这 11 个人先吃比萨饼,是为了刺激唾液分泌。
3. No, it didn't. / No, it increased by 14 times on average. 由第二段最后一句 They found that blowing out the candles increased the number of bacteria on the frosting by 14 times on average. 可知,吹灭蜡烛让糖霜上的细菌平均增加了 14 倍。
4. We can wave our hands to put out the candles. 由第三段倒数第二句 If you want to be safer, you can wave your hands to put out the candles. 可知,我们可以采用更安全的方式,比如挥一挥手来熄灭蜡烛。
5. We'd better not eat the cake. 由文章最后一句 If the person blowing out the candles is sick, you'd better not eat the cake. 可知,如果吹灭蜡烛的人生病了,我们就最好不要吃这个蛋糕。
难句分析
They found that blowing out the candles increased the number of bacteria on the frosting by 14 times on average. 他们发现,吹灭蜡烛让糖霜上的细菌数量平均增加了 14 倍。
that blowing out... on average 是宾语从句,作 found 的宾语。blowing out the candles 是动名词短语,意为"吹灭蜡烛",作从句的主语。on the frosting 是地点状语。increased... by 14 times 意为"增加了……14 倍"。on average 是固定短语,意为"平均"。
最新研究发现,吹灭蜡烛会让蛋糕上的细菌大幅增加,但别担心——这些细菌大多无害,不会带来严重的健康问题。文章还分享了更安全的熄灭蜡烛方式,同时提醒:如果吹灭蜡烛的人生病了,你最好避免食用这个蛋糕。
1. Our saliva droplets will land on the cake and spread bacteria all over it. 由第一段第二、三句 ... when you blow out the candles, saliva droplets land on the cake. These droplets can spread bacteria all over the cake. 可知,当我们吹灭蜡烛时,我们的唾液飞沫会落在蛋糕上,而这些飞沫会将细菌传播到整个蛋糕。
2. To stimulate saliva production. /Because they wanted to stimulate saliva production. 由第二段第三句 They asked 11 people to eat pizza first to stimulate saliva production. 可知,科学家让这 11 个人先吃比萨饼,是为了刺激唾液分泌。
3. No, it didn't. / No, it increased by 14 times on average. 由第二段最后一句 They found that blowing out the candles increased the number of bacteria on the frosting by 14 times on average. 可知,吹灭蜡烛让糖霜上的细菌平均增加了 14 倍。
4. We can wave our hands to put out the candles. 由第三段倒数第二句 If you want to be safer, you can wave your hands to put out the candles. 可知,我们可以采用更安全的方式,比如挥一挥手来熄灭蜡烛。
5. We'd better not eat the cake. 由文章最后一句 If the person blowing out the candles is sick, you'd better not eat the cake. 可知,如果吹灭蜡烛的人生病了,我们就最好不要吃这个蛋糕。
难句分析
They found that blowing out the candles increased the number of bacteria on the frosting by 14 times on average. 他们发现,吹灭蜡烛让糖霜上的细菌数量平均增加了 14 倍。
that blowing out... on average 是宾语从句,作 found 的宾语。blowing out the candles 是动名词短语,意为"吹灭蜡烛",作从句的主语。on the frosting 是地点状语。increased... by 14 times 意为"增加了……14 倍"。on average 是固定短语,意为"平均"。
解析
【分析】
做任务型阅读时，应先通读问题，明确每个问题的核心关键词，带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，再将定位到的原文内容整理成符合问题要求的答案，注意回答的完整性和准确性，避免遗漏关键信息。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段第二、三句，可知吹灭蜡烛时，唾液飞沫会落在蛋糕上并将细菌传播到整个蛋糕，据此作答；
2. 定位第二段第三句，明确科学家让11人先吃披萨的目的是刺激唾液分泌；
3. 定位第二段最后一句，可知吹灭蜡烛后糖霜上的细菌数量平均增加了14倍，并非保持不变，故作否定回答；
4. 定位第三段倒数第二句，找到更安全的熄灭蜡烛的方式是挥手熄灭；
5. 定位第三段最后一句，明确吹蜡烛的人生病时，最好不要吃蛋糕。
【答案】
1. Our saliva droplets will land on the cake and spread bacteria all over it.
2. To stimulate saliva production. /Because they wanted to stimulate saliva production.
3. No, it didn't. / No, it increased by 14 times on average.
4. We can wave our hands to put out the candles.
5. We'd better not eat the cake.
【知识点】
任务型阅读解题技巧、细节理解题、英语固定短语
【点评】
本题为健康主题的任务型阅读，贴近生活，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题目设置均为细节查找类，难度适中，适合巩固任务型阅读的答题方法。
【难度系数】
0.7
做任务型阅读时，应先通读问题，明确每个问题的核心关键词，带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息，再将定位到的原文内容整理成符合问题要求的答案，注意回答的完整性和准确性，避免遗漏关键信息。
【解析】
1. 定位第一段第二、三句，可知吹灭蜡烛时，唾液飞沫会落在蛋糕上并将细菌传播到整个蛋糕，据此作答；
2. 定位第二段第三句，明确科学家让11人先吃披萨的目的是刺激唾液分泌；
3. 定位第二段最后一句，可知吹灭蜡烛后糖霜上的细菌数量平均增加了14倍，并非保持不变，故作否定回答；
4. 定位第三段倒数第二句，找到更安全的熄灭蜡烛的方式是挥手熄灭；
5. 定位第三段最后一句，明确吹蜡烛的人生病时，最好不要吃蛋糕。
【答案】
1. Our saliva droplets will land on the cake and spread bacteria all over it.
2. To stimulate saliva production. /Because they wanted to stimulate saliva production.
3. No, it didn't. / No, it increased by 14 times on average.
4. We can wave our hands to put out the candles.
5. We'd better not eat the cake.
【知识点】
任务型阅读解题技巧、细节理解题、英语固定短语
【点评】
本题为健康主题的任务型阅读，贴近生活，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题目设置均为细节查找类，难度适中，适合巩固任务型阅读的答题方法。
【难度系数】
0.7
