Ⅰ. 根据句意，从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空，其中有两项多余。
lack bush root short rough support sandstorm
1. There used to be serious in the northern town, but now more trees have been planted to protect the soil.
2. The villagers planted many with deep roots to hold the soil together and improve the environment.
3. My parents went out of their way me in my study.
4. When the plants had more light, the branches turned up and the went down.
5. There was a water in the area many years ago, and the government tried many ways to solve the problem.

1. sandstorms
2. bushes
3. to support
4. roots
5. shortage

【分析】
本题为选词填空，需结合句子语境、词汇词性、固定搭配及名词单复数变化解题。首先明确方框内词汇：lack（缺乏）、bush（灌木）、root（根）、short（短的）、rough（粗糙的）、support（支持）、sandstorm（沙尘暴）。逐个分析句子：1. 第一句提到种树保护土壤，对应“沙尘暴”，serious后接名词，需用复数；2. 第二句many后接可数名词复数，结合“有深根”选灌木；3. 第三句固定搭配go out of one's way to do sth，需用不定式；4. 第四句对应“枝条”，植物的根为复数；5. 第五句固定短语water shortage（缺水），需用short的名词形式。
【解析】
1. 第一空：根据“种树保护土壤”的语境，选sandstorm，serious后接可数名词复数，故填sandstorms。
2. 第二空：many后接可数名词复数，bush的复数为bushes，符合“有深根的灌木”的语境，故填bushes。
3. 第三空：固定搭配go out of one's way to do sth（特意做某事），需用support的不定式形式，故填to support。
4. 第四空：对应前文的branches（枝条），植物的根为复数，root的复数为roots，故填roots。
5. 第五空：固定短语water shortage（缺水），short的名词形式为shortage，故填shortage。
【答案】
1. sandstorms 2. bushes 3. to support 4. roots 5. shortage
【知识点】
选词填空、名词单复数、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查英语选词填空，需结合语境判断词汇含义，同时掌握名词单复数变化及常用固定搭配，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Great changes (take) place in our hometown since villages began to develop.
2. People used to (walk) for hours to reach the town, but now buses go there every 15 minutes.
3. The villagers (plant) thousands of saplings in the past three years, and the environment has been greatly improved.
4. Many parts of our city are (cover) with trees and grass now.
5. How many times you (visit) your hometown since you went to college?
6. The old stone bridge (build) in the 1960s and has been protecting the villagers' travel for decades.

1. have taken
2. walk
3. have planted
4. covered
5. have; visited
6. was built

【分析】先明确每道题的解题思路：1. 由时间状语since引导的从句，主句需用现在完成时，take place无被动，主语为复数，故用have taken；2. 固定搭配used to do sth.要求后接动词原形，故填walk；3. 时间状语in the past three years是现在完成时标志，主语为复数，故用have planted；4. 固定短语be covered with表被动，需用过去分词covered；5. since引导的从句对应主句用现在完成时，疑问句结构为have+主语+过去分词，故填have; visited；6. 时间状语in the 1960s表过去，桥是被建造，需用一般过去时被动语态，主语为单数，故填was built。
【解析】1. 句中时间状语为“since villages began to develop”，是现在完成时的标志，take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，主语Great changes为复数，故填have taken；2. 固定搭配used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，to为不定式符号，后接动词原形，故填walk；3. 时间状语“in the past three years”是现在完成时的典型标志，主语The villagers为复数，故填have planted；4. 固定短语be covered with意为“被……覆盖”，此处为被动结构，需用cover的过去分词形式，故填covered；5. 时间状语“since you went to college”对应主句用现在完成时，疑问句结构为“have + 主语 + 动词过去分词”，主语为you，故填have; visited；6. 时间状语“in the 1960s”表过去的时间，桥是“被建造”，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The old stone bridge为单数，故填was built。
【答案】1. have taken
2. walk
3. have planted
4. covered
5. have; visited
6. was built
【知识点】现在完成时、被动语态、固定搭配
【点评】本题聚焦英语基础语法中的动词时态、语态及固定搭配，涵盖初中核心语法考点，题目难度适中，侧重对基础知识点的应用，适合巩固英语语法基础，学生需掌握不同时间状语对应的时态规则及被动语态的基本用法。
【难度系数】0.6