一、完形填空
从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
About 150 years ago in London, many people started to get very sick. The sickness they had was called “cholera（霍乱）”. The disease caused great 1 among Londoners because nobody knew 2 to prevent it or cure（治愈）it.
Most doctors thought people got cholera from breathing in 3 air so they told patients to open windows and breathe in fresh air. Others suggested drinking lots of water or taking certain medicine. However, their advice did not 4.
John Snow was a doctor who thought differently. He thought cholera might have been spreading through the drinking water. Maybe dirty water was making everyone sick.
At first, nobody paid much attention to Dr. Snow's idea. They believed that water was not the 5, but the air. To prove his theory（理论）, Dr. Snow developed a plan—6 the water in different neighborhoods. He also counted the number of sick people in each neighborhood. It was just as he had thought! The neighborhoods with the cleanest water had the 7 sick people, 8 the places with the dirtiest water had the greatest number of sick people. It proved his theory that cholera
was spread through dirty water. Finally, the other doctors 9 that Dr. Snow was right. All over London, people stopped drinking water that might be polluted. Almost at once, the number of sick people began to drop.
We would not know about the risks of dirty water if it were not for Dr. John Snow's hard work and 10, which also help us know how to stop many other illnesses that can be spread through dirty water.
()1. A. stress B. pain C. fear
()2. A. how B. what C. who
()3. A. cold B. polluted C. clean
()4. A. work B. matter C. accept
()5. A. cause B. result C. case
()6. A. heating B. testing C. drinking
()7. A. largest B. smallest C. fewest
()8. A. as B. when C. while
()9. A. realized B. mentioned C. supposed
()10. A. treatment B. discovery C. technology

一、1. C 由下文没人知道如何预防或治愈它可知，这种疾病让伦敦人产生了“恐惧”，故选C。
2. A 3. B
4. A 由However（然而）表转折可知，医生们的建议并没有起作用，故选A。work在此意为“奏效”。
5. A
6. B 由下文内容可知，斯诺医生计划“检测”不同街区的水，故选B。
7. C
8. C 前半句“水质最干净的街区病人最少”和后半句“水污染最严重的地方病人数量最多”是对比关系，用while连接。
9. A 10. B

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文讲述John Snow研究霍乱传播途径的故事），再结合上下文语境、词义辨析、逻辑关系逐一解题：1. 结合“没人知道如何预防或治愈”可知疾病带来恐惧；2. 疑问词需表“方式”，故用how；3. 早期医生认为霍乱源于吸入污染空气；4. 转折词However提示建议未奏效；5. 此处指“原因”，对应cause；6. Snow医生计划检测不同街区的水来验证理论；7. 水质干净的街区病人数量最少；8. 前后句是对比关系，用while；9. 其他医生最终意识到Snow是正确的；10. 对应Snow的研究发现。
【解析】
1. 选C。由下文“没人知道如何预防或治愈霍乱”可知，疾病让伦敦人产生恐惧，fear符合语境。
2. 选A。此处表“不知道如何预防”，疑问词how表方式，符合搭配。
3. 选B。早期医生认为霍乱源于吸入污染空气，polluted（受污染的）符合文意。
4. 选A。转折词However提示医生的建议未奏效，work在此意为“奏效”，符合语境。
5. 选A。此处指“人们认为霍乱的原因是空气而非水”，cause（原因）符合。
6. 选B。Snow医生计划检测不同街区的水来验证理论，test（检测）符合逻辑。
7. 选C。结合后文“水污染最严重的地方病人最多”，可知水质干净的街区病人最少，fewest修饰可数名词复数sick people。
8. 选C。前后句是对比关系，while可表对比，意为“而”，符合逻辑。
9. 选A。其他医生最终意识到Snow是正确的，realize（意识到）符合语境。
10. 选B。此处指Snow的研究发现，discovery（发现）符合文意。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B
【知识点】
完形填空、词义辨析、语境理解
【点评】
本文围绕医学史话题展开，考查学生对上下文语境、词汇词义及逻辑关系的把握，是典型的语篇型完形填空，需结合主旨细节解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6