Ⅰ.完形填空。
Rivers provide food, water and transportation for people. , most of the world's greatest cities have grown up along rivers. Here are some fun facts about rivers!
Rivers are . They can make electricity. In fact, hydroelectric plants(水力发电厂) produce about 16 percent of the world's electricity.
The Amazon River has more tributaries（支流）than any other river on earth! Over 1,000 streams（溪流）and small rivers run into it as it through Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Bolivia and Brazil.
How is the Nile to Egypt? Most of Egypt's population lives within a few miles of the river, the river is not important to just Egypt. It is a water source（水源）for many other East African countries including Ethiopia and Kenya.
in London in the summer of 1858 was not enjoyable. The Thames, which runs through the city, was so dirty and polluted that it gave out a terrible smell known as the "Great Stink". The government had to do something to it. Since then it has been an ongoing（持续的） to keep the river clean.
The Yellow River in China gets its from the mud（泥）it carries. It is the world's muddiest river. The Chinese have a saying about the river. If you fall into the Yellow River, you'll get clean again!
()1. A. Such as B. As a result C. For example D. From now on
()2. A. powerful B. alive C. harmful D. uncommon
()3. A. sees B. walks C. looks D. passes
()4. A. interesting B. risky C. important D. terrible
()5. A. so B. but C. unless D. because
()6. A. Work B. Life C. Weather D. Education
()7. A. suffer from B. hand out C. deal with D. give up
()8. A. effort B. attack C. test D. decision
()9. A. shape B. name C. size D. smell
()10. A. ever B. soon C. just D. never

1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.D

【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章围绕河流的作用、相关事实展开，需结合语境、逻辑关系、词汇词义及固定搭配逐一分析每个空：
1. 第1题：前句说明河流提供多种资源，后句讲大城市沿河发展，是因果逻辑，需选表结果的短语；
2. 第2题：后文提到河流能发电，说明河流有强大的能力，需选表“有力量的”形容词；
3. 第3题：表达河流流经多个国家，需选与through搭配表“流经”的动词；
4. 第4题：后文讲埃及人口依赖尼罗河，说明尼罗河对埃及的重要性，需选表“重要的”形容词；
5. 第5题：前句说尼罗河对埃及重要，后句说它也是东非多国的水源，是转折逻辑，需选表转折的连词；
6. 第6题：后文提到泰晤士河发臭影响生活，说明1858年伦敦夏天的生活不舒适；
7. 第7题：政府要解决河流发臭的问题，需选表“处理”的短语；
8. 第8题：治理河流是持续的努力，需选表“努力”的名词；
9. 第9题：黄河因携带的泥得名，需选表“名字”的名词；
10. 第10题：谚语表达掉进黄河永远洗不干净，需选表“永远不”的副词。
【解析】
1. 选B。as a result意为“结果”，表因果关系，前句讲河流提供资源，后句讲大城市沿河发展，符合逻辑；A such as（例如）后接例子，C for example后接例子，D from now on（从现在起）均不符合，故选B。
2. 选A。powerful意为“有力量的”，后文提到河流能发电，说明河流有强大能力；B alive（活着的）、C harmful（有害的）、D uncommon（不常见的）均不符合，故选A。
3. 选D。pass through是固定搭配，意为“流经”，表达河流流经多个国家；A sees（看见）、B walks（步行）、C looks（看）均不符合，故选D。
4. 选C。important意为“重要的”，后文讲埃及人口依赖尼罗河，说明尼罗河对埃及很重要；A interesting（有趣的）、B risky（危险的）、D terrible（可怕的）均不符合，故选C。
5. 选B。but意为“但是”，表转折，前句讲尼罗河对埃及重要，后句讲它也是东非多国的水源，转折逻辑；A so（所以）表因果，C unless（除非）表条件，D because（因为）表原因，均不符合，故选B。
6. 选B。life意为“生活”，后文提到泰晤士河发臭影响生活，说明1858年伦敦夏天的生活不舒适；A work（工作）、C weather（天气）、D education（教育）均不符合，故选B。
7. 选C。deal with意为“处理”，政府要处理河流发臭的问题；A suffer from（遭受）、B hand out（分发）、D give up（放弃）均不符合，故选C。
8. 选A。effort意为“努力”，治理河流是持续的努力；B attack（攻击）、C test（测试）、D decision（决定）均不符合，故选A。
9. 选B。name意为“名字”，黄河因携带的泥得名；A shape（形状）、C size（尺寸）、D smell（气味）均不符合，故选B。
10. 选D。never意为“永远不”，谚语表达掉进黄河永远洗不干净；A ever（曾经）、B soon（不久）、C just（仅仅）均不符合，故选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.D
【知识点】
完形填空语境理解、词汇辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本文围绕河流的相关知识展开，考察学生对上下文逻辑关系、词汇词义及固定搭配的掌握，内容贴近生活常识，易于理解，是典型的初中完形填空题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

Ⅱ.任务型阅读。
Ahh... aaahhhhchooo! That sneeze（喷嚏）is uncovered, and so the germs（细菌）fly through the air. But have you ever wondered about the germs in your body? They are small organisms（有机体）that live inside us. Germs are alive and they can cause us to get sick. It is impossible to keep germs out of our bodies. They are so tiny that we do not even know they are coming inside our bodies. The only way we know that germs have made us sick is when we begin to feel uncomfortable.
Germs are usually spread through the air. They come out in a sneeze, a cough, or a breath. They can also be spread by saliva（唾液）, sweat, or blood. Sometimes, they come from touching something. For example, a person can touch his or her nose and then touch a tap（水龙头）in a public restroom. If someone else touches that tap right away, he or she can pick up these germs. How can you protect yourself from germs? The most important way to do this is to wash your hands. Soap and water are germs' enemies. They wash the germs away. This is why it is so important to wash your hands throughout the day. Hands should be washed for about twenty seconds.
Staying healthy also keeps germs away. This means getting enough rest and not being too tired. It also means eating good foods and exercising. These are germ-fighting secrets!
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
11. When will we know that germs have made us sick?

12. In what ways are germs spread?

13. How long should we wash our hands each time?

14. What's the theme（主题）of the passage?

15. What can we do to keep germs away after reading the passage?

11. When we begin to feel uncomfortable.
12. Through air, saliva, sweat or blood.
13. For about twenty seconds.
14. Health.
15. I think we should have enough rest and eat healthy foods. / We should have enough exercise and wash hands often. /...(言之有理即可)

【分析】
本题为任务型阅读理解题，解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每个问题的关键词回到原文定位对应信息，提取或整合答案；其中第15题为主观开放题，需结合原文提到的防菌方法合理组织语言作答。
【解析】
11. 定位原文第一段最后一句“The only way we know that germs have made us sick is when we begin to feel uncomfortable.”，可直接提取答案。
12. 定位原文第二段前两句“Germs are usually spread through the air... They can also be spread by saliva, sweat, or blood.”，整合传播途径即可。
13. 定位原文第二段最后一句“Hands should be washed for about twenty seconds.”，直接提取时间信息。
14. 全文围绕细菌的传播、防菌方法及保持健康展开，核心主题为健康相关内容。
15. 原文提到的防菌方法包括勤洗手、充足休息、吃健康食物、锻炼等，选取合理内容组织语言即可。
【答案】
11. When we begin to feel uncomfortable.
12. Through air, saliva, sweat or blood.
13. For about twenty seconds.
14. Health.
15. We should wash hands often, get enough rest, eat good foods and exercise.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
任务型阅读，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
本题考查任务型阅读的信息定位与整合能力，前4题为细节查找题，难度较低，第15题为开放性题目，需结合原文内容作答，符合初中英语任务型阅读的考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.7