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B
For the first time, scientists have grown seeds in samples of soil collected from the Moon 50 years ago. Researchers at University of Florida found that it was harder for the plants to grow in the lunar soil than it was for them to grow in similar soils found on the earth. This could someday help people grow crops on the surface of the Moon.
The team used three very small samples of dusty lunar soil, called regolith(月壤), which were gathered by astronauts on the Apollo 11, 12 and 17 missions of 1969 and 1972. The scientists planted seeds of a small flowering plant in each of the samples, as well as the soil from the earth. This small plant called thale cress(拟南芥) is a member of the cabbage family. A number of reasons including its short generation time(生长周期) make it widely used in scientific research.
Although the thale cress sprouted(发芽) in all of the soils, the ones grown in Moon dust grew more slowly and showed more signs of stress. The plants also grew differently in each of the lunar soils. Researchers believe that's because the samples were collected from separate(单独的) Apollo landing sites, where the soil had been on the surface for different lengths of time. The older the soil was, the worse the plants grew. This means that the longer the regolith has been exposed(暴露) to rays from the Sun and outer space, the less welcoming it is for plants.
For the question whether plants would grow in lunar soil, the answer, it turns out, is yes. But how might that one day help humans have a longer stay on the Moon? Scientists may need follow-up studies to get the answer.
(
A. Scientists.
B. Samples.
C. Plants.
D. Soils.
(
A. The materials of the experiment.
B. The tools of the experiment.
C. The purpose of the experiment.
D. The result of the experiment.
(
(
A. Have a longer stay in outer space.
B. Grow plants on the surface of the Moon.
C. Use the best earth soil to grow crops.
D. Make the generation time of plants longer.
(
A. ①/②③/④
B. ①②/③/④
C. ①/②③④
D. ①②/③④
For the first time, scientists have grown seeds in samples of soil collected from the Moon 50 years ago. Researchers at University of Florida found that it was harder for the plants to grow in the lunar soil than it was for them to grow in similar soils found on the earth. This could someday help people grow crops on the surface of the Moon.
The team used three very small samples of dusty lunar soil, called regolith(月壤), which were gathered by astronauts on the Apollo 11, 12 and 17 missions of 1969 and 1972. The scientists planted seeds of a small flowering plant in each of the samples, as well as the soil from the earth. This small plant called thale cress(拟南芥) is a member of the cabbage family. A number of reasons including its short generation time(生长周期) make it widely used in scientific research.
Although the thale cress sprouted(发芽) in all of the soils, the ones grown in Moon dust grew more slowly and showed more signs of stress. The plants also grew differently in each of the lunar soils. Researchers believe that's because the samples were collected from separate(单独的) Apollo landing sites, where the soil had been on the surface for different lengths of time. The older the soil was, the worse the plants grew. This means that the longer the regolith has been exposed(暴露) to rays from the Sun and outer space, the less welcoming it is for plants.
For the question whether plants would grow in lunar soil, the answer, it turns out, is yes. But how might that one day help humans have a longer stay on the Moon? Scientists may need follow-up studies to get the answer.
(
C
)21. What does the underlined word "them" in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Scientists.
B. Samples.
C. Plants.
D. Soils.
(
A
)22. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The materials of the experiment.
B. The tools of the experiment.
C. The purpose of the experiment.
D. The result of the experiment.
(
A
)23. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following shows the result of the experiment?(
B
)24. What will scientists most probably try to do next?A. Have a longer stay in outer space.
B. Grow plants on the surface of the Moon.
C. Use the best earth soil to grow crops.
D. Make the generation time of plants longer.
(
A
)25. Which of the following may show the structure of this passage?A. ①/②③/④
B. ①②/③/④
C. ①/②③④
D. ①②/③④
答案
21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A
解析
【分析】
1. 第21题：确定代词指代需结合上下文语境，原句对比植物在月壤与地球土壤的生长难度，因此“them”指代前文的plants。
2. 第22题：概括段落主旨，第二段介绍了实验所用的月壤样本、种植的植物种类及地球土壤，这些都属于实验材料范畴。
3. 第23题：根据第三段实验结果，所有土壤中植物均发芽，但月壤中植物生长更缓慢、长势更弱且存在差异，结合选项图片，A选项符合地球土壤植物长势好、月壤中植物长势差且有区别的特征。
4. 第24题：根据最后一段内容，科学家后续研究是为了解决月壤种植物如何帮助人类在月球长期停留的问题，因此最可能尝试在月球表面种植植物。
5. 第25题：梳理文章结构，第一段引出实验；第二段介绍实验材料，第三段说明实验结果；第四段提出后续研究方向，因此结构为①/②③/④。
【解析】
21. 代词指代题。根据第一段“it was harder for the plants to grow in the lunar soil than it was for them to grow in similar soils found on the earth”，此处对比植物在两种土壤中的生长情况，“them”指代plants，故选C。
22. 段落主旨题。第二段主要介绍实验使用的月壤样本来源、种植的拟南芥以及地球土壤，这些都属于实验材料，因此该段主旨是实验的材料，故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Although the thale cress sprouted(发芽) in all of the soils, the ones grown in Moon dust grew more slowly and showed more signs of stress. The plants also grew differently in each of the lunar soils”，地球土壤中的植物长势好，月壤中的植物长势差且有差异，选项A符合该结果，故选A。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But how might that one day help humans have a longer stay on the Moon? Scientists may need follow-up studies to get the answer”，可推断科学家接下来最可能尝试在月球表面种植植物，以助力人类在月球长期停留，故选B。
25. 文章结构题。文章第一段引入月壤种植种子的实验；第二段介绍实验材料，第三段阐述实验结果；第四段提出后续研究方向，因此结构为①/②③/④，故选A。
【答案】
21. C；22. A；23. A；24. B；25. A
【知识点】
代词指代判断；段落主旨概括；细节理解；推理判断；文章结构分析
【点评】
本文是科普类阅读理解，围绕月壤种植植物的实验展开，考查多种阅读题型，需要学生结合语境提取信息、逻辑推理，能有效提升学生的阅读理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第21题：确定代词指代需结合上下文语境，原句对比植物在月壤与地球土壤的生长难度，因此“them”指代前文的plants。
2. 第22题：概括段落主旨，第二段介绍了实验所用的月壤样本、种植的植物种类及地球土壤，这些都属于实验材料范畴。
3. 第23题：根据第三段实验结果，所有土壤中植物均发芽，但月壤中植物生长更缓慢、长势更弱且存在差异，结合选项图片，A选项符合地球土壤植物长势好、月壤中植物长势差且有区别的特征。
4. 第24题：根据最后一段内容，科学家后续研究是为了解决月壤种植物如何帮助人类在月球长期停留的问题，因此最可能尝试在月球表面种植植物。
5. 第25题：梳理文章结构，第一段引出实验；第二段介绍实验材料，第三段说明实验结果；第四段提出后续研究方向，因此结构为①/②③/④。
【解析】
21. 代词指代题。根据第一段“it was harder for the plants to grow in the lunar soil than it was for them to grow in similar soils found on the earth”，此处对比植物在两种土壤中的生长情况，“them”指代plants，故选C。
22. 段落主旨题。第二段主要介绍实验使用的月壤样本来源、种植的拟南芥以及地球土壤，这些都属于实验材料，因此该段主旨是实验的材料，故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Although the thale cress sprouted(发芽) in all of the soils, the ones grown in Moon dust grew more slowly and showed more signs of stress. The plants also grew differently in each of the lunar soils”，地球土壤中的植物长势好，月壤中的植物长势差且有差异，选项A符合该结果，故选A。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But how might that one day help humans have a longer stay on the Moon? Scientists may need follow-up studies to get the answer”，可推断科学家接下来最可能尝试在月球表面种植植物，以助力人类在月球长期停留，故选B。
25. 文章结构题。文章第一段引入月壤种植种子的实验；第二段介绍实验材料，第三段阐述实验结果；第四段提出后续研究方向，因此结构为①/②③/④，故选A。
【答案】
21. C；22. A；23. A；24. B；25. A
【知识点】
代词指代判断；段落主旨概括；细节理解；推理判断；文章结构分析
【点评】
本文是科普类阅读理解，围绕月壤种植植物的实验展开，考查多种阅读题型，需要学生结合语境提取信息、逻辑推理，能有效提升学生的阅读理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
