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四、阅读理解
Shadow puppet (皮影戏) shows started in the Han Dynasty. One day, a man saw children's shadows under the sun. He got a great idea. He made a show like that. And it quickly became popular. In a shadow puppet show, actors (演员) hold puppets behind a white cloth. With music and songs, they make the puppets move (活动). Children sit in front of the white cloth and watch the shadow show.
In a show, actors use both hands. When the puppet turns back, actors shift hands quickly. Actors work together. A puppet may have five sticks (杆子). And it takes two or three actors to control (控制) the puppet. One actor holds the head and arms of a puppet. The other holds its legs. They often watch the movements of humans (人类) and animals. They sit in a zoo and watch animals for a day. They know it takes three steps for our body to sit down.
Look at the puppet on the right! She is Baigujing from the Three Battles with Baigujing. It is one of many shows from Beijing Shadow Show Troupe (北京皮影剧团).
The puppet of Baigujing is made from animal skin in 1979. She has many joints (关节) just like us. Actors connect sticks to her hands and head. In a show, an actor uses the sticks to make her move. Baigujing is very bad. You can see that from her face and special movements.
(
A. It dates from the Song Dynasty.
B. It is often played under the sun.
C. It needs actors to work together.
D. It needs children to join the show.
(
A. To learn how to make puppets.
B. To teach children about animals.
C. To learn how to control puppets better.
D. To write new stories for puppet shows.
(
A. show an example of the puppet
B. show the long history of the puppet
C. introduce Beijing Shadow Show Troupe
D. introduce Baigujing's special movements
Shadow puppet (皮影戏) shows started in the Han Dynasty. One day, a man saw children's shadows under the sun. He got a great idea. He made a show like that. And it quickly became popular. In a shadow puppet show, actors (演员) hold puppets behind a white cloth. With music and songs, they make the puppets move (活动). Children sit in front of the white cloth and watch the shadow show.
In a show, actors use both hands. When the puppet turns back, actors shift hands quickly. Actors work together. A puppet may have five sticks (杆子). And it takes two or three actors to control (控制) the puppet. One actor holds the head and arms of a puppet. The other holds its legs. They often watch the movements of humans (人类) and animals. They sit in a zoo and watch animals for a day. They know it takes three steps for our body to sit down.
Look at the puppet on the right! She is Baigujing from the Three Battles with Baigujing. It is one of many shows from Beijing Shadow Show Troupe (北京皮影剧团).
The puppet of Baigujing is made from animal skin in 1979. She has many joints (关节) just like us. Actors connect sticks to her hands and head. In a show, an actor uses the sticks to make her move. Baigujing is very bad. You can see that from her face and special movements.
(
C
) 1. What can you learn about the shadow puppet show?A. It dates from the Song Dynasty.
B. It is often played under the sun.
C. It needs actors to work together.
D. It needs children to join the show.
(
C
) 2. Why do actors watch the movements of humans and animals?A. To learn how to make puppets.
B. To teach children about animals.
C. To learn how to control puppets better.
D. To write new stories for puppet shows.
(
A
) 3. The purpose (目的) of Paragraph 4 is to .A. show an example of the puppet
B. show the long history of the puppet
C. introduce Beijing Shadow Show Troupe
D. introduce Baigujing's special movements
答案
1.C 2.C 3.A
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国传统皮影戏的说明文阅读理解，解题思路是先通读全文梳理皮影戏的起源、表演特点、演员工作要求、典型皮影实例等核心信息，再逐个对应题干，带着选项关键词回原文定位比对，排除和原文内容不符的干扰项，最终选出正确答案。做这类题要注意不能把文中的细节点错读，比如不能把皮影戏灵感来源的“太阳下的影子”当成表演场景，要精准匹配原文表述。
【解析】
1. 逐一核对选项：
选项A：原文第一句明确说明皮影戏起源于汉代，并非宋代，表述错误；
选项B：文中仅提到皮影戏的灵感来自太阳下孩子的影子，实际表演是演员在白布后操作，并非在太阳下演出，表述错误；
选项C：原文第二段明确提到"Actors work together"，且单个皮影往往需要2-3名演员配合操控，说明皮影戏需要演员协作完成，表述正确；
选项D：原文说明孩子是坐在白布前观看演出的观众，不需要加入表演，表述错误。
因此第1题选C。
2. 原文第二段提到演员会专门观察人和动物的动作，甚至在动物园观察一整天，精准掌握人坐下需要三步这类动作细节，目的是让皮影的动作更逼真，更好地操控皮影，对应选项C。其余选项“学习制作皮影”“教孩子认识动物”“写新故事”均不符合原文表述，因此第2题选C。
3. 第四段以《三打白骨精》里的白骨精皮影为核心，介绍它的制作材料、关节结构、操控方式，是向读者展示一个具体的皮影实例，并非重点介绍皮影的悠久历史、北京皮影剧团或者白骨精的特殊动作，因此第3题选A。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨判断，传统民间文化常识
【点评】
本题选用介绍中国非物质文化遗产皮影戏的语料，既考察学生的信息定位和细节比对阅读能力，也能让学生了解传统民间艺术的相关知识。题目干扰项设置都来自对原文细节的错读，只要学生带着题干关键词回原文精准定位，就能轻松排除错误选项，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍中国传统皮影戏的说明文阅读理解，解题思路是先通读全文梳理皮影戏的起源、表演特点、演员工作要求、典型皮影实例等核心信息，再逐个对应题干，带着选项关键词回原文定位比对，排除和原文内容不符的干扰项，最终选出正确答案。做这类题要注意不能把文中的细节点错读，比如不能把皮影戏灵感来源的“太阳下的影子”当成表演场景，要精准匹配原文表述。
【解析】
1. 逐一核对选项：
选项A：原文第一句明确说明皮影戏起源于汉代，并非宋代，表述错误；
选项B：文中仅提到皮影戏的灵感来自太阳下孩子的影子，实际表演是演员在白布后操作，并非在太阳下演出，表述错误；
选项C：原文第二段明确提到"Actors work together"，且单个皮影往往需要2-3名演员配合操控，说明皮影戏需要演员协作完成，表述正确；
选项D：原文说明孩子是坐在白布前观看演出的观众，不需要加入表演，表述错误。
因此第1题选C。
2. 原文第二段提到演员会专门观察人和动物的动作，甚至在动物园观察一整天，精准掌握人坐下需要三步这类动作细节，目的是让皮影的动作更逼真，更好地操控皮影，对应选项C。其余选项“学习制作皮影”“教孩子认识动物”“写新故事”均不符合原文表述，因此第2题选C。
3. 第四段以《三打白骨精》里的白骨精皮影为核心，介绍它的制作材料、关节结构、操控方式，是向读者展示一个具体的皮影实例，并非重点介绍皮影的悠久历史、北京皮影剧团或者白骨精的特殊动作，因此第3题选A。
【答案】
1.C 2.C 3.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨判断，传统民间文化常识
【点评】
本题选用介绍中国非物质文化遗产皮影戏的语料，既考察学生的信息定位和细节比对阅读能力，也能让学生了解传统民间艺术的相关知识。题目干扰项设置都来自对原文细节的错读，只要学生带着题干关键词回原文精准定位，就能轻松排除错误选项，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
