一、完形填空

Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi (1768—1797)? Perhaps most of us didn't know this _1_ name until she was introduced in a CCTV programme.
Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese _2_. She was born in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls had no _3_ to get a formal education. However, her grandfather and father were open-minded. They thought girls should share the _4_ chances with boys. They _5_ her to read the books in their home library. Wang Zhenyi _6_ herself and read a lot about astronomy (the study of the stars, planets, etc.), maths, geography, as well as medicine. Later, she _7_ to pay full attention to astronomy.
In her time, many people expected the stars to tell _8_ was going to happen. They thought certain events in the sky, such as lunar eclipses (月食), happened when Tian (the heaven) was angry. _9_ Wang Zhenyi thought differently. She believed in _10_ and observation. In order to explain those "strange" events, she did some _11_. In one, she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon. She moved them around to show what _12_ happens during a lunar eclipse: when the Earth is passing directly _13_ the Sun and the Moon, the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon "disappears".
Throughout her short life, Wang Zhenyi wrote many articles about her research. In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in clear and _14_ ways so that people could understand science more easily. She helped make _15_ available (可获得的) to more people.
()1. A. great
B. famous
C. rare
D. beautiful
()2. A. doctor
B. scientist
C. lawyer
D. teacher
()3. A. reason
B. purpose
C. chance
D. request
()4. A. other
B. same
C. only
D. different
()5. A. invited
B. chose
C. followed
D. encouraged
()6. A. enjoyed
B. changed
C. improved
D. educated
()7. A. managed
B. decided
C. failed
D. tried
()8. A. how
B. when
C. what
D. whatever
()9. A. And
B. But
C. Unless
D. Because
()10. A. facts
B. nature
C. transport
D. power
()11. A. exercises
B. drawings
C. reviews
D. experiments
()12. A. really
B. suddenly
C. nearly
D. recently
()13. A. through
B. with
C. between
D. by
()14. A. simple
B. polite
C. funny
D. traditional
()15. A. science
B. books
C. knowledge
D. education

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了清朝著名女科学家王贞仪。
1. A 根据下文“Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese 2.”可知，王贞仪是一位伟大的科学家。此处表示我们大部分人都没有听过王贞仪这位伟人的名字。故选 A。
2. B 通读全文可知，王贞仪是一位科学家。故选 B。
3. C 根据下文“However, her grandfather and father were open-minded. They thought girls should share the 4 chances with boys.”可知，当时的女孩没有接受正式教育的机会。故选 C。
4. B 根据“However, her grandfather and father were open-minded... to read the books in their home library.”可知，此处指他们认为女孩应该享受和男孩一样的教育机会。故选 B。
5. D 根据上文“However, her grandfather and father were open-minded.”可知，王贞仪的祖父和父亲思想开明，鼓励王贞仪阅读书籍。故选 D。
6. D 根据空后“herself and read a lot... well as medicine”可知，王贞仪自学了很多知识。故选 D。
7. B 根据下文王贞仪做月食实验可知，她决定专攻天文学。故选 B。
8. C 根据语境“to tell 8 was going to happen”以及句意可知，人们想通过星星知道会发生些什么。此处是用 what 作连词引导 tell 的宾语从句。故选 C。
9. B 根据空后“Wang Zhenyi thought differently”以及上下文可知，王贞仪并不相信古人对于月食等自然现象的解读，此处表示转折。故选 B。
10. A 根据下文“In order to explain those'strange' events”以及下文王贞仪的实验可知，她相信事实与观察。故选 A。
11. D 根据下文“she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon”可知，把一张圆桌作为地球，一盏灯作为太阳，一面镜子作为月亮，这是王贞仪为解释自然现象所做的其中一项实验。故选 D。
12. A 根据下文“the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon 'disappears'”可知，王贞仪在实验中验证月食期间实际发生的情况。故选 A。
13. C 根据下文“the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon 'disappears'”以及常识可知，当地球处于太阳与月球之间，三者连成一线时，会发生月食。故选 C。
14. A 根据下文“so that people could understand science more easily”可知，王贞仪以简单明了的方式让人们更容易理解科学。故选 A。
15. A 根据上文“so that people could understand science more easily”可知，王贞仪使得更多的人可以接触、学习和理解科学。故选 A。

【分析】
拿到这篇完形填空，首先先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍清朝杰出女科学家王贞仪的生平经历与科研贡献，理清整体叙事脉络：先引出人物，再讲她的成长背景，接着讲她突破当时的认知局限开展天文研究，最后讲她的科普贡献。接下来逐空解题时，优先结合上下文的前后呼应关系，比如后文出现的原词提示、转折逻辑、因果逻辑排除不符合语境的选项，同时结合基础词义辨析、宾语从句语法规则、月食相关的基础科普常识辅助判断，全部选完后将答案代入全文通读，验证整体逻辑通顺无矛盾即可。
【解析】
1. 后文第二段明确提到“Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese...”，说明王贞仪是一位伟大的人物，此处指大部分人此前都不知道这位伟人的名字，great符合语境；famous著名的、rare稀有的、beautiful美丽的均不符合后文的呼应提示，故选A。
2. 结合文章主题“清朝女科学家王贞仪”以及全文对她天文、数学等科研工作的描述，可知她是中国伟大的科学家，故选B。
3. 后文提到她的父母思想开明，认为女孩应该和男孩享有同等的机会，对应本句含义：当时女孩没有接受正式教育的机会，chance机会符合语境，reason原因、purpose目的、request要求均不符合，故选C。
4. 此处表达父母的开明观点：女孩应该和男孩享有相同的受教育机会，same相同的符合语境，other其他的、only唯一的、different不同的均不符合，故选B。
5. 父母思想开明，因此会鼓励王贞仪阅读家里藏书，encouraged鼓励符合语境，invited邀请、chose选择、followed跟随均不符合，故选D。
6. 前文提到当时女孩没有正式受教育的机会，因此王贞仪是通过大量阅读来自学，educate oneself表示自学，符合语境，enjoyed享受、changed改变、improved提升均不符合搭配和含义，故选D。
7. 后文描述她开展天文相关的实验研究，说明之后她决定全身心投入天文学研究，decided决定符合语境，managed设法完成、failed失败、tried尝试均不符合后续叙事逻辑，故选B。
8. 此处是宾语从句作tell的宾语，从句缺少主语，表达“将要发生什么事”，用what引导符合语法和语义，故选C。
9. 前文提到当时人们认为天象异常是上天发怒，后文说王贞仪有不同的想法，前后是转折关系，用But连接，故选B。
10. 结合后文她通过实验验证天文现象，说明她不迷信封建说法，相信事实和观察，facts事实符合语境，nature自然、transport交通、power力量均不符合，故选A。
11. 后文描述她用圆桌、灯、镜子分别模拟地球、太阳、月亮的操作，这是为了解释天文现象做的实验，experiments实验符合语境，exercises练习、drawings绘画、reviews评论均不符合，故选D。
12. 该实验的目的就是展示月食期间实际发生的运行规律，really实际地、真实地符合语境，suddenly突然、nearly几乎、recently最近均不符合，故选A。
13. 根据月食的天文常识，月食发生时地球位于太阳和月亮之间，固定搭配between...and...表示在两者之间，故选C。
14. 后文提到“so that people could understand science more easily”，说明她用清晰简单的方式解释难懂的概念，simple简单的符合语境，polite礼貌的、funny有趣的、traditional传统的均不符合，故选A。
15. 全文都围绕她推广科学、让普通人更容易理解科学展开，此处指她让更多人可以接触到科学，science符合全文主旨，故选A。
【答案】
1-5 ABCBD
6-10 DBCBA
11-15 DACAA
【知识点】
语境词义辨析
宾语从句引导词
科普常识应用
【点评】
本题属于人物传记类完形填空，既考查学生对记叙文上下文逻辑的梳理能力，也覆盖了初中阶段核心的词义辨析、基础语法考点，同时融入了基础天文常识的应用，选材介绍中国古代杰出女性科学家，兼具知识性与人文引导性，部分题目需要结合全文主旨判断，避免仅看局部句子选错。
【难度系数】
0.5