一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）
1. We decided to have our picnic at （正午）when the sun was high in the sky.
2. With great （努力）, she finally worked out the difficult maths problem.
3. The old man had to use a （梯子）to pick the apples from the tall tree.
4. Don't always run after the ball! Pass it to your （队友）.
5. Please （降下）your voice so we don't wake the baby.
6. The hikers tied themselves together with a strong （绳）for safety.

1. noon 2. effort 3. ladder 4. teammate(s)
5. lower 6. rope

【分析】本题是根据汉语提示填写英语单词的基础题型，解题思路为：先结合句子语境确定所需单词的词性，再匹配对应的汉语注释写出正确的英语单词，同时注意特殊形式（如祈使句用动词原形、名词单复数等）。
【解析】1. 表示“正午”的英语单词为noon；2. “努力”对应名词effort，great effort是常用搭配；3. “梯子”对应名词ladder；4. “队友”对应名词teammate，可根据语境用单复数；5. 此处为祈使句，需用动词原形，“降下”对应lower；6. “绳”对应名词rope。
【答案】1. noon 2. effort 3. ladder 4. teammate(s) 5. lower 6. rope
【知识点】英语单词拼写、词汇运用
【点评】本题考查基础核心词汇的拼写，是英语学习中的基础题型，侧重日常词汇积累的考查。
【难度系数】0.8

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The explorers set up their (basic) camp at the foot of the mountain.
2. (mountaineer) is a challenging sport that requires strength and courage.
3. Don't give up. (confident) is the key to success.
4. Look at the boy in the picture. He is my brother and he (call) Tommy.
5. It was (danger) to climb the tree without a rope for safety.

1. base 2. Mountaineering 3. Confidence
4. is called 5. dangerous

【分析】
要解决用所给单词适当形式填空的问题，需结合句意、句子成分及语法规则分析每个空格的需求：
1. 空格后是名词camp，需修饰词，结合固定搭配base camp（大本营），将所给形容词basic转换为名词base作定语；
2. 空格在句首作主语，需表示“登山运动”的名词，所给名词mountaineer指人，需转换为动名词Mountaineering作主语；
3. 空格在句首作主语，需名词，所给形容词confident需转换为名词Confidence；
4. 主语he与动词call是被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”；
5. 考查固定句型“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”，需将所给名词danger转换为形容词dangerous。
【解析】
1. 句意：探险家在山脚下建立了他们的大本营。base camp是固定短语，意为“大本营”，此处用名词base作定语修饰名词camp，故填base；
2. 句意：登山是一项需要力量和勇气的挑战性运动。句首作主语表示“登山运动”，需用动名词Mountaineering，故填Mountaineering；
3. 句意：不要放弃。自信是成功的关键。句首作主语需用名词，confident的名词形式为Confidence，故填Confidence；
4. 句意：看照片里的男孩，他是我弟弟，名叫Tommy。主语he是call的动作承受者，描述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called；
5. 句意：没有安全绳爬树是危险的。固定句型“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”，danger的形容词形式为dangerous，故填dangerous。
【答案】
1. base 2. Mountaineering 3. Confidence 4. is called 5. dangerous
【知识点】
词形转换、被动语态、固定句型运用
【点评】
本题为基础词汇语法题，涵盖词形转换、被动语态及常用固定句型的考查，要求学生掌握词性变化规则和基本语法结构，是巩固英语基础的典型题型。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入句中，每词仅用一次
north, climb, thirty-metre-high, make every effort, painful
1. The students to finish the project before last week's deadline.
2. At last, the reached the top of the mountain safely.
3. The girl fell off her bike and got a bruise(瘀伤) on her knee.
4. In winter, it is much colder in the than in the south.
5. The workers built a tower for the new observation deck.

1. made every effort 2. climber 3. painful
4. north 5. thirty-metre-high

【分析】
本题要求用方框内词语的适当形式填空，需先明确每个句子的语法结构（如谓语、主语、修饰成分等），再结合语境和词汇的词性、词义选择合适的词并变形（若需），每词仅用一次。
【解析】
1. 第一句：句子缺少谓语动词，时间状语为过去时间（last week），方框中短语make every effort的过去式为made every effort，符合“学生们尽一切努力在截止日期前完成项目”的语境，故填made every effort。
2. 第二句：句子缺少主语，需指人的名词，方框中climb是动词，其名词形式climber（登山者）符合“登山者安全到达山顶”的语境，故填climber。
3. 第三句：需形容词修饰名词bruise，方框中painful是形容词，意为“疼痛的”，符合“膝盖上的疼痛瘀伤”的语境，故填painful。
4. 第四句：in the后接名词，与后面的south对应，方框中north是名词，意为“北方”，符合“冬天北方比南方冷”的语境，故填north。
5. 第五句：需形容词修饰名词tower，方框中thirty-metre-high是复合形容词，意为“三十米高的”，符合“建三十米高的塔”的语境，故填thirty-metre-high。
【答案】
1. made every effort 2. climber 3. painful 4. north 5. thirty-metre-high
【知识点】
动词过去式、名词变形、形容词修饰名词
【点评】
本题为基础词汇适当形式填空题，主要考查词汇的词性、词义及在句子中的语法功能，难度适中，只要掌握词汇的基本用法即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.5

四、阅读理解
A month before my first marathon, one of my legs was hurt and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. However, I decided to go ahead.
I remember in my first PE class in my 7th year in school, the teacher required us to run. I didn't do it well. He later told me that I was “not athletic(运动型的)”.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stayed with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realised running was a battle(战争) against myself, not about competition or whether I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamed that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up nervous, but ready to show something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoelaces became untied. So I stopped to tie them. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the leg hurt badly. Under the pain, I had to walk a bit and then ran again.
By mile 21, I was hungry!
As I reached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She supports me and is my biggest fan.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Deciding to be myself, moving forwards, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
()1. A month before the marathon, what did the writer do?
A. He lost hope.
B. He hurt his leg.
C. He felt nervous.
D. He was well trained.
()2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. One is never too old to learn.
B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. A winner is one with a strong will.
D. A man's success comes from his family support.
()3. What's the best title for the passage?
A. A Difficult Battle
B. A Marathon Winner
C. A Not Athletic Runner
D. A Special Marathon

1.B 2.C 3.B

【分析】
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需定位原文第一段第一句，查找马拉松前一个月作者的具体情况；
2. 第2题是推理判断题，需结合全文作者克服困难完成马拉松的经历，提炼文章核心主旨；
3. 第3题是主旨大意题，需抓住文章结尾作者点明的核心表述，确定文章标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第一段第一句“A month before my first marathon, one of my legs was hurt”，可知马拉松前一个月作者腿受伤，对应选项B，故选B。
2. 推理判断题：作者曾被认为“不擅长运动”，克服腿伤、心理障碍完成马拉松，最后自称“marathon winner”，体现了坚强意志的重要性，对应选项C，故选C。
3. 主旨大意题：文章结尾作者明确表示“我现在可以称自己为‘马拉松赢家’”，点明核心，对应选项B，故选B。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是一篇记叙文，通过作者克服伤痛和世俗标签完成马拉松的经历，考查学生对细节信息的定位、主旨的提炼能力，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6