一、翻译下列词组
1. 试图找到做某事的方式
2. 两个大挑战
3. 把……加到……
4. 在短短几小时以内
5. 结果

1. be looking to do sth
2. two main challenges
3. add ... to ...
4. in only a few hours
5. as a result

【分析】本题为英语词组翻译题，需根据中文词组的含义，回忆对应的常用英语固定搭配及表达，注意介词、冠词的正确使用，确保翻译符合英语的习惯表达。
【解析】1. “试图找到做某事的方式”对应的英语固定搭配为be looking to do sth；2. “两个大挑战”中“大”常用main表达，对应two main challenges；3. “把……加到……”的固定搭配为add ... to ...；4. “在短短几小时以内”对应in only a few hours；5. “结果”对应的常用表达为as a result。
【答案】1. be looking to do sth
2. two main challenges
3. add ... to ...
4. in only a few hours
5. as a result
【知识点】英语词组翻译、固定搭配
【点评】本题考查基础英语词组的翻译，侧重常用固定搭配的掌握，属于英语学习中的基础题型，帮助巩固日常词组的运用。
【难度系数】0.8

二、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词
1. （为了解决）the problem of heavier-than-air flight, the Wright brothers began working with （滑翔机）.
2. For both problems, they found their solution by （看鸟类如何飞翔）.
3. （在……之后）they solved these problems, they an engine （把……加到……）the glider.
4. The invention of the plane （使得）our travels around the world and （更便利和快捷）.

1. To solve, gliders
2. looking at how birds flew
3. After, added, to
4. has made, much easier, faster

【分析】
本题为根据汉语提示完成句子，需结合语法规则和固定短语填空：第1题“为了解决”表目的，用不定式结构；“滑翔机”需用复数形式。第2题介词by后接动名词，对应“看鸟类如何飞翔”的短语动名词形式。第3题“在……之后”用介词After，“把……加到……”是固定搭配，结合时态用过去式。第4题“使得”用现在完成时，“更便利和快捷”是形容词比较级结构，用much修饰比较级。
【解析】
1. 表目的用不定式To solve，“滑翔机”复数为gliders，故填To solve, gliders。
2. 介词by后接动名词，“看鸟类如何飞翔”为looking at how birds flew，故填该短语。
3. “在……之后”是After，“把……加到……”用add...to，过去式为added，故填After, added, to。
4. “使得”用现在完成时has made，“更便利和快捷”为much easier and faster，故填has made, much easier, faster。
【答案】
1. To solve, gliders
2. looking at how birds flew
3. After, added, to
4. has made, much easier, faster
【知识点】
不定式作目的状语、介词后接动名词、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础英语词汇、短语及语法的应用，是常见的汉译英填空题型，有助于巩固学生的基础语言知识。
【难度系数】
0.3

三、用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空

one why invent
come up with certain
It is often difficult to decide on the inventor of 1 inventions.
This is because sometimes a few people may invent things which are nearly the same. It's hard to tell who thought of the idea 2 . Some inventions can also lead to other inventions. So some people doubt whether the inventor 3 the idea himself or herself. They think that the 4 used someone else's idea to create his or her invention. That's 5 books or websites usually mention more than one inventor when giving information about inventions.

1. certain
2. first
3. came up with
4. inventor
5. why

【分析】
本题为用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空，需结合句子语境、语法规则选择合适词汇并变形。先通读全文理解大意：确定某些发明的发明者较难，原因是多人可能发明相似事物，难分谁先想到，还会怀疑发明者是否自创想法，因此相关资料会提及多个发明者。再逐个分析空格：
1. 空格后是名词，需形容词修饰，方框中certain符合；
2. 此处表“先想到”，需序数词，对应one的变形；
3. 表“想出主意”用固定短语，需用过去式；
4. 此处指“发明者”，需将动词invent变为名词；
5. 固定句式That's why...需用why。
【解析】
1. 空格修饰名词inventions，需形容词，方框内certain是形容词，意为“某些”，故填certain；
2. 句意为“很难说谁先想到这个想法”，需序数词，one的序数词是first，故填first；
3. 表达“想出主意”用短语come up with，时态为一般过去时，故填came up with；
4. 此处指“发明者”，invent的名词形式是inventor，故填inventor；
5. That's why...是固定句式，意为“这就是为什么...”，符合语境，故填why。
【答案】
1. certain
2. first
3. came up with
4. inventor
5. why
【知识点】
形容词用法、动词短语过去式、名词转换
【点评】
本题考查基础词汇在语境中的灵活运用，需结合句意和语法规则对方框内词汇进行适当变形，注重对核心词汇变形的掌握，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

四、阅读短文并完成任务
任务一:语法填空。
Every school day, we use 1 (schoolbag) to carry all of our things to school. They are a big part of our lives. But have you ever thought about the history of the schoolbag?
2 the Han Dynasty (汉朝), students in old-style private schools 3 (use) bamboo boxes to carry books to school. People consider the bamboo boxes to be 4 (early) schoolbags. There were usually two or three layers in the box. Kids put different things like books, brushes, ink 5 (stone) and paper in the boxes.
Hundreds of years later, people developed a new kind of schoolbag called the budai, or the "hip-pocket". The budai was lighter than the bamboo box.
6 the founding(成立) of the People's Republic of China, military rucksacks (军用帆布包) became popular. Many people carried them 7 they were in school. Ask your grandparents or parents about these bags. Maybe they can tell you about their experiences of carrying them when they were in school.
A new style of schoolbags 8 (appear) in recent years. Many of them have colourful and fashionable designs on them, such 9 pictures of cartoons or pop stars. And they are more comfortable to use. Some students pull wheeled bags filled with heavy textbooks and others carry backpacks.
Schoolbags are still changing. Can you imagine 10 future schoolbags will be like?
任务二:回答问题。
11. What were schoolbags made of in the Han Dynasty?

12. In your opinion, what will future schoolbags be like?

1. schoolbags
2. In
3. used
4. the earliest
5. stones
6. With/After
7. when
8. has appeared
9. as
10. what
11. They were made of bamboo.
12. They will be much lighter and should be easy to carry.（言之有理即可）

【分析】
首先通读短文，理解关于书包历史的主旨。任务一语法填空需结合语境、词性、时态、固定搭配等知识点逐一分析每个空；任务二回答问题需定位原文提取细节，主观题需结合合理想象作答。
【解析】
任务一：
1. 此处泛指各类书包，用名词复数schoolbags；
2. 朝代前用介词In，表“在汉朝”；
3. 汉朝是过去时间，动词用过去式used；
4. 此处表示“最早的”，用形容词最高级the earliest；
5. stone是可数名词，此处表复数概念，用stones；
6. 表示“随着...的成立”或“在...之后”，用With或After；
7. 引导时间状语从句，表“当...时”，用when；
8. 由“in recent years”可知用现在完成时，主语是单数，故用has appeared；
9. 固定搭配such as，表“例如”；
10. 宾语从句中缺宾语，用引导词what。
任务二：
11. 定位到第二段“the bamboo boxes to carry books”，可知汉朝书包是竹子做的，故回答They were made of bamboo.；
12. 主观题，结合合理想象，如They will be much lighter and easy to carry，言之有理即可。
【答案】
1. schoolbags
2. In
3. used
4. the earliest
5. stones
6. With/After
7. when
8. has appeared
9. as
10. what
11. They were made of bamboo.
12. They will be much lighter and should be easy to carry.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
语法填空、细节理解、书面表达
【点评】
本题结合短文考察语法运用与信息提取，既巩固基础语法知识，又锻炼学生的阅读理解与表达能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6