一、阅读短文，回答问题
Do you know what to do before, during and after an earthquake? You should do as follows to get away from danger.
Before an earthquake
It is necessary to prepare yourself and your family for it. All the family should know how to turn off the gas (煤气) and what useful phone numbers to call.
During an earthquake
It is important to keep calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or table. You do this to protect yourself from falling things. If you are cooking, turn off the gas. If you are outdoors, don't stay under bridges or trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible.
After an earthquake
If the shaking stops, don't run out of the building right away. It is better to wait and leave when you are sure it is safe. Check around you and help the people in trouble. If your building is badly broken, you should leave it. If you smell gas, get everyone outside and open doors and windows.
1. What should you do before an earthquake?

2. What should you do if you are cooking during an earthquake?

3. When is it better to leave the building after an earthquake?

4. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

5. What does this passage mainly talk about?

1. Prepare yourself and your family for it.
2. Turn off the gas.
3. When you are sure it is safe.
4. It refers to the badly broken building.
5. What to do before, during and after an earthquake.

【分析】
这是一道英语阅读理解题，解题思路为：1. 先通读全文把握文章核心主题；2. 针对每个问题，精准定位到原文对应段落，提取关键信息；3. 词义猜测题需结合上下文语境判断指代内容；4. 主旨题需总结全文核心内容。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题，定位到“Before an earthquake”段落第一句“It is necessary to prepare yourself and your family for it.”，直接提取答案。
2. 细节理解题，定位到“During an earthquake”段落中“If you are cooking, turn off the gas.”，直接提取答案。
3. 细节理解题，定位到“After an earthquake”段落中“It is better to wait and leave when you are sure it is safe.”，直接提取答案。
4. 词义猜测题，定位到“After an earthquake”段落中“If your building is badly broken, you should leave it.”，结合前文语境可知“it”指代“the badly broken building”。
5. 主旨大意题，定位到文章开头“Do you know what to do before, during and after an earthquake?”，总结全文围绕地震前、中、后的应对措施展开，得出主旨。
【答案】
1. Prepare yourself and your family for it.
2. Turn off the gas.
3. When you are sure it is safe.
4. It refers to the badly broken building.
5. What to do before, during and after an earthquake.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解，主旨大意
【点评】
本题为地震应对主题的英语阅读理解，主要考查学生提取细节信息、理解指代内容及总结主旨的能力，题目难度较低，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.3

二、微写作
了解地震安全自救知识是很重要的。假如你的班级将召开一次主题为“如何避险自救”的班会，请你简要谈谈地震时和地震后该如何做。不少于5句话。
参考短语：stay calm; under a desk; away from windows; stay together

Sample writing:
During an earthquake, it’s important to stay calm. Find a safe place under a desk or table. Stay away from windows because glass can break. After the shaking stops and it is safe, run to an open space and stay together as a group. These steps help keep you safe.

【分析】
首先明确写作主题为“如何避险自救”，需围绕地震时和地震后两个阶段展开，必须运用给定的参考短语（stay calm、under a desk、away from windows、stay together），且句子数量不少于5句，要清晰说明每个阶段的正确做法，确保内容贴合地震安全自救的实际，语言通顺自然。
【解析】
写作时分两个阶段表述：①地震发生时：先点明要保持冷静（对应stay calm），接着说明找桌子下的安全位置（对应under a desk），再强调远离窗户（对应away from windows）；②地震后：震动停止且安全时，要跑到开阔地带并和大家待在一起（对应stay together），最后补充总结这些步骤的作用，确保总句子数达标，符合微写作要求。
【答案】
During an earthquake, it’s important to stay calm. Find a safe place under a desk or table. Stay away from windows because glass can break. After the shaking stops and it is safe, run to an open space and stay together as a group. These steps help keep you safe.
【知识点】
英语微写作、地震安全常识表达
【点评】
该写作紧扣主题，合理运用所有给定参考短语，分阶段清晰阐述地震时与地震后的避险自救方法，语句通顺，符合微写作的内容和句子数量要求，实用性较强。
【难度系数】
0.5