2025年勤学早课时导练八年级数学上册人教版第37页答案
7.(教材变式)如图,BD,CE是△ABC的高,且BE= CD。求证:AE= AD。

答案

证明:$\because BD,CE$是$△ABC$的高,
$\therefore ∠BEC=∠AEC=∠ADB=∠CDB=90^{\circ }.$
在$Rt△BEC$和$Rt△CDB$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} BC=CB,\\ BE=CD,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore Rt△BEC\cong Rt△CDB(HL),$
$\therefore BD=CE.$
在$△ABD$与$△ACE$中,
$∠AEC=∠ADB,$
$∠A=∠A,BD=CE,$
$\therefore △ABD\cong △ACE(AAS),$
$\therefore AD=AE.$
8.(教材变式)如图,∠C= ∠D= 90°,BC与AD交于点E,AD= BC。求证:CE= DE。

答案

证明:连接$AB$.
$\because ∠C=∠D=90^{\circ },$
$\therefore$ 在$Rt△ACB$和$Rt△BDA$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} AB=BA,\\ BC=AD,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore Rt△ACB\cong Rt△BDA(HL),$
$\therefore AC=BD.$
在$△ACE$和$△BDE$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} ∠AEC=∠BED,\\ ∠C=∠D,\\ AC=BD,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore △ACE\cong △BDE(AAS),$
$\therefore CE=DE.$
9.(教材变式)如图,在△ABC中,D是AB的中点,DM⊥AC于点M,DN⊥BC于点N,且DM= DN。求证:AC= BC。

答案

证明:连接$CD$.
$\because DM⊥AC,DN⊥BC,$
$\therefore ∠AMD=∠BND=90^{\circ }.$
$\therefore D$为$AB$的中点,
$\therefore AD=BD.$
在$Rt△DAM$和$Rt△DBN$中,
$\left\{\begin{array}{l} AD=BD,\\ DM=DN,\end{array}\right.$
$\therefore Rt△DAM\cong Rt△DBN(HL),$
$\therefore AM=BN;$
同理可证$Rt△CDM\cong Rt△CDN(HL).$
$\therefore CM=CN,$
$\therefore AC=BC.$
10.(1)【问题背景】如图1,已知∠ADB= ∠AEC= 90°,AD= AE,AB= AC。求证:EC= DB;
(2)【变式运用】如图2,AD= AE,AC= AB,∠D= ∠AEC= 90°,点E在线段AB上,CE的延长线交BD于点F。求证:CF= DF+DB;
(3)【拓展创新】如图3,已知点A(2,2),点C在x轴的正半轴上,点B在y轴的负半轴上,AB= AC。求OC-OB的值。

答案

解:(1)在$Rt△ADB$和$Rt△AEC$中,
$AB=AC,AD=AE,$
$\therefore Rt△ADB\cong Rt△AEC(HL),$
$\therefore EC=BD;$
(2)连接$AF$.
$\because AD=AE,AC=AB,$
$∠D=∠AEC=90^{\circ },$
$\therefore △AEC\cong △ADB,\therefore EC=BD.$
$\because ∠AEC=90^{\circ },$
$\therefore ∠AEF=90^{\circ },$
$\therefore ∠AEF=∠D=90^{\circ }.$
$\because AF=AF,AD=AE,$
$\therefore Rt△ADF\cong Rt△AEF(HL),$
$\therefore DF=EF,$
$\therefore CF=EF+CE=DF+DB;$
(3)过点$A$分别作$AM⊥x$轴于点$M,AN⊥y$轴于点$N$.
$\because A(2,2),$
$\therefore ∠ANB=∠AMC=90^{\circ },$
$AN=AM=OM=ON=2.$
$\because AB=AC.$
由(1)知$BN=MC,$
$\therefore OC-OB=OM+MC-(BN-ON)$
$=OM+ON$
$=4.$