一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示填空
1. The new (宇宙飞船) will carry astronauts to the moon next year.
2. This special c can land safely on the surface of the planet.
3. Scientists plan to (勘测) the area for possible water on the red planet.
4. The small space capsule was too c for three astronauts to move freely.
5. Astronauts must learn how to (操作) the advanced equipment in the space station.

1. spaceship
2. craft
3. survey
4. crowded
5. operate

【分析】
解题思路：先通读每个句子理解句意，再结合括号内的汉语提示或句首给出的首字母，同时根据句子的语法结构（如名词单复数、动词形式、形容词用法等），确定符合语境的正确单词。
【解析】
1. 句意：这艘新的宇宙飞船明年将把宇航员送到月球。汉语提示“宇宙飞船”对应英文单词spaceship，此处用名词单数，故填spaceship。
2. 句意：这个特殊的航天器能安全降落在行星表面。首字母为c，结合太空相关语境，craft意为“航天器、飞船”，符合句意，故填craft。
3. 句意：科学家计划勘测红色星球上的区域寻找可能的水。汉语提示“勘测”对应英文单词survey，plan to do sth.是固定结构，需用动词原形，故填survey。
4. 句意：这个小太空舱太拥挤了，三个宇航员不能自由移动。首字母为c，结合语境，crowded意为“拥挤的”，符合句意，故填crowded。
5. 句意：宇航员必须学习如何操作空间站里的先进设备。汉语提示“操作”对应英文单词operate，how to do sth.是固定结构，需用动词原形，故填operate。
【答案】
1. spaceship
2. craft
3. survey
4. crowded
5. operate
【知识点】
英语词汇运用、动词不定式、名词与形容词用法
【点评】
本题为基础词汇填空题，考查学生对核心词汇的掌握及在语境中运用单词的能力，涉及太空相关词汇和基础语法结构，是英语学习的基础题型，有助于巩固词汇基础。
【难度系数】
0.3

二、从方框中选择恰当的内容完成短文
in time quite a few kind of in the future want to a good place
be used to on the moon one of the first between… and
In recent years, humans have shown great interest in exploring space, especially the moon. Many scientists 1 develop a permanent（永久的）base there. They think the moon is 2 for scientific research because it’s close to Earth and has unique conditions.
3, we may see astronauts living and working on the moon regularly. But before that, 4 challenges need to be solved. For example, astronauts must 5 the low gravity（重力）and cold nights on the moon. 6 important tasks is to test how to grow food there—this will help astronauts stay healthy.
The trip 7 Earth 7 the moon takes about 3 days, which is 8 short for space travel. If we can solve all these problems 9, the moon base will become a reality soon. This base will not only help us learn more about space but also prepare us for exploring farther planets 10.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. want to
2. a good place
3. In the future
4. quite a few
5. be used to
6. One of the first
7. between; and
8. kind of
9. in time
10. on the moon

【分析】先通读全文，明确短文围绕人类探索月球、建立月球基地的话题展开；再逐个分析每个空格的前后语境、语法搭配，从方框给出的短语中选择语义通顺、符合逻辑的短语，同时注意短语的大小写及形式变化，确保填入后短文完整连贯。
【解析】1. 空格后是动词原形develop，主语scientists后需接“想要做某事”的表达，want to do sth为固定搭配，故填want to；2. 空格处需说明月球对科研的作用，a good place for...表示“……的好地方”，符合语境，故填a good place；3. 此处引出未来的情况，In the future意为“在未来”，符合语义，故填In the future；4. 空格后是可数名词复数challenges，quite a few修饰可数名词复数，表“相当多的”，故填quite a few；5. 空格前是情态动词must，后接动词原形，be used to表“习惯于”，符合适应月球环境的语境，故填be used to；6. 此处表示“首批重要任务之一”，One of the first后接名词复数，符合结构，故填One of the first；7. 表示“在地球和月球之间”，用固定搭配between...and...，故填between; and；8. 空格后是形容词short，kind of修饰形容词表“有点”，符合语义，故填kind of；9. 此处表“及时解决问题”，in time意为“及时”，符合语境，故填in time；10. 此处对应探索月球的准备，on the moon符合语境，故填on the moon。
【答案】1. want to 2. a good place 3. In the future 4. quite a few 5. be used to 6. One of the first 7. between; and 8. kind of 9. in time 10. on the moon
【知识点】英语固定短语运用、语境理解、名词修饰
【点评】本题为初中英语常见的选词填空题，围绕太空探索话题展开，重点考察学生对常用短语的掌握及语境运用能力，解题时需先把握短文主旨，再结合空格前后的语法和语义匹配短语，注意短语的正确形式和大小写。
【难度系数】0.6