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一、完形填空
During the Han Dynasty, there was a general named Ban Chao. One day, he was sent to visit Shanshan state (near modern Xinjiang) in the western regions.
The 1 of Ban's trip was to set up good relations with the state. He brought only about 30 soldiers 2 him. The Shanshan king received them kindly and treated them well.
At that time there was a nation called Xiongnu or Hun in the north. It often fought against Han's army. A few days after Ban's team had 3 Shanshan, Xiongnu also sent messengers (使者) and a group of soldiers to the state. They spoke badly of Ban to the king of Shanshan. The king was almost convinced (说服) by them. He began to show a cold attitude towards Ban's group.
When Ban saw this, he called together his soldiers and said to them, “Now we are in a very dangerous 4. The Shanshan king is no longer treating us in a(n) 5 manner. If we don't do anything, he may 6 us over to the Huns. In this case, we will neither be able to complete our task nor return alive.” “What should we do now?” asked the soldiers. “We will all 7 you!”
The general said, “The Huns have more soldiers than we do and the Shanshan king is likely to 8 them. Our task is as difficult as stealing a 9 tiger from a group of adult (成年) tigers. 10 we don't venture (冒险) into their cave, how can we achieve our purpose (目标)? We have no 11 but to attack and kill all of the soldiers at the Huns' army camp when they 12.”
At night, Ban led his soldiers 13 to the Huns' camp. There, he set fire and beat the war drums loudly. The Hun soldiers were very 14. After a fierce battle (激战), Ban's army won.
The next day, Ban met with the king of Shanshan. The king admired (钦佩) Ban's 15 and he feared Ban at the same time. He immediately signed a peace treaty (条约) with Ban.
()1. A. experience
B. way
C. trouble
D. purpose
()2. A. behind
B. with
C. about
D. under
()3. A. arrived in
B. went through
C. walked past
D. returned from
()4. A. trip
B. situation
C. period
D. trap
()5. A. ugly
B. silly
C. friendly
D. lovely
()6. A. hand
B. look
C. take
D. think
()7. A. follow
B. chase
C. hear
D. lead
()8. A. control
B. mind
C. support
D. advise
()9. A. big
B. baby
C. paper
D. crayon
()10. A. If
B. But
C. Because
D. Until
()11. A. channel
B. change
C. choice
D. character
()12. A. eat
B. tire
C. sleep
D. notice
()13. A. secretly
B. suddenly
C. exactly
D. hardly
()14. A. relaxed
B. excited
C. afraid
D. patient
()15. A. ability
B. calmness
C. honesty
D. bravery
During the Han Dynasty, there was a general named Ban Chao. One day, he was sent to visit Shanshan state (near modern Xinjiang) in the western regions.
The 1 of Ban's trip was to set up good relations with the state. He brought only about 30 soldiers 2 him. The Shanshan king received them kindly and treated them well.
At that time there was a nation called Xiongnu or Hun in the north. It often fought against Han's army. A few days after Ban's team had 3 Shanshan, Xiongnu also sent messengers (使者) and a group of soldiers to the state. They spoke badly of Ban to the king of Shanshan. The king was almost convinced (说服) by them. He began to show a cold attitude towards Ban's group.
When Ban saw this, he called together his soldiers and said to them, “Now we are in a very dangerous 4. The Shanshan king is no longer treating us in a(n) 5 manner. If we don't do anything, he may 6 us over to the Huns. In this case, we will neither be able to complete our task nor return alive.” “What should we do now?” asked the soldiers. “We will all 7 you!”
The general said, “The Huns have more soldiers than we do and the Shanshan king is likely to 8 them. Our task is as difficult as stealing a 9 tiger from a group of adult (成年) tigers. 10 we don't venture (冒险) into their cave, how can we achieve our purpose (目标)? We have no 11 but to attack and kill all of the soldiers at the Huns' army camp when they 12.”
At night, Ban led his soldiers 13 to the Huns' camp. There, he set fire and beat the war drums loudly. The Hun soldiers were very 14. After a fierce battle (激战), Ban's army won.
The next day, Ban met with the king of Shanshan. The king admired (钦佩) Ban's 15 and he feared Ban at the same time. He immediately signed a peace treaty (条约) with Ban.
()1. A. experience
B. way
C. trouble
D. purpose
()2. A. behind
B. with
C. about
D. under
()3. A. arrived in
B. went through
C. walked past
D. returned from
()4. A. trip
B. situation
C. period
D. trap
()5. A. ugly
B. silly
C. friendly
D. lovely
()6. A. hand
B. look
C. take
D. think
()7. A. follow
B. chase
C. hear
D. lead
()8. A. control
B. mind
C. support
D. advise
()9. A. big
B. baby
C. paper
D. crayon
()10. A. If
B. But
C. Because
D. Until
()11. A. channel
B. change
C. choice
D. character
()12. A. eat
B. tire
C. sleep
D. notice
()13. A. secretly
B. suddenly
C. exactly
D. hardly
()14. A. relaxed
B. excited
C. afraid
D. patient
()15. A. ability
B. calmness
C. honesty
D. bravery
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述班超出使鄯善国时，带领 30 名士兵杀敌，并成功与鄯善国签订和平条约的故事。
1. D 根据“to set up good relations with the state”可知，他此行的目的是与鄯善国建立良好的关系，故选 D。
2. B 根据语境“He brought only about 30 soldiers... him.”可知，他随身只携带了约 30 名士兵，故选 B。
3. A arrived in 到达；went through 经历；walked past 路过；returned from 从……回来。根据“A few days after Ban's team had... Shanshan”以及下文可知，此处指班超等人到达鄯善国时，故选 A。
4. B 根据“The king was almost convinced by them. He began to show a cold attitude towards Ban's group.”可知，班超的队伍正处于一个非常危险的境地，故选 B。
5. C 根据“He began to show a cold attitude towards Ban's group.”可知，班超根据鄯善国国王对他们的态度判断，鄯善国国王不会再对他们友好了，故选 C。
6. A 句意：如果我们什么都不做，他可能会把我们交给匈奴人。根据句意可知，此处指把班超等人交给匈奴，hand over 表示“将……交给他人”，故选 A。
7. A 根据“What should we do now?”可知，士兵询问班超的意见，表示都会听从他的安排，故选 A。
8. C 根据“The Huns have more soldiers than we do”可知，匈奴的士兵更多，所以鄯善国国王才会支持他们，故选 C。
9. B 根据“from a group of adult tigers”以及“we don't venture into their cave, how can we achieve our purpose”可知，此处借用“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”这个道理来告诉士兵接下来的冒险，故选 B。
10. A 句意：如果我们不冒险进入虎穴，我们怎么能达成目标呢？根据句意可知，此处是条件状语从句，假设不冒险时的情况，故选 A。
11. C 句意：我们别无选择，只能趁匈奴人熟睡的时候，攻击并杀死他们。have no choice but to do sth. 意为“除了做某事别无选择”，故选 C。
12. C 根据“At night... beat the war drums loudly.”可知，晚上，班超带着他的士兵悄悄来到匈奴的营地，结合选项可推测，当时匈奴人正在睡觉，故选 C。
13. A 根据“At night”以及常识可知，班超等人应该是秘密地进入匈奴营地，故选 A。
14. C 根据“There, he set fire and beat the war drums loudly.”可知，匈奴士兵在晚上熟睡的时候听到这些声音应该是感到很害怕，故选 C。
15. D 根据“The king admired Ban's... and he feared Ban at the same time.”以及上文班超的冒险行动可知，他是一个勇敢果断的人。由此推测，鄯善国国王既钦佩班超的勇敢，又害怕他，故选 D。
1. D 根据“to set up good relations with the state”可知，他此行的目的是与鄯善国建立良好的关系，故选 D。
2. B 根据语境“He brought only about 30 soldiers... him.”可知，他随身只携带了约 30 名士兵，故选 B。
3. A arrived in 到达；went through 经历；walked past 路过；returned from 从……回来。根据“A few days after Ban's team had... Shanshan”以及下文可知，此处指班超等人到达鄯善国时，故选 A。
4. B 根据“The king was almost convinced by them. He began to show a cold attitude towards Ban's group.”可知，班超的队伍正处于一个非常危险的境地，故选 B。
5. C 根据“He began to show a cold attitude towards Ban's group.”可知，班超根据鄯善国国王对他们的态度判断，鄯善国国王不会再对他们友好了，故选 C。
6. A 句意：如果我们什么都不做，他可能会把我们交给匈奴人。根据句意可知，此处指把班超等人交给匈奴，hand over 表示“将……交给他人”，故选 A。
7. A 根据“What should we do now?”可知，士兵询问班超的意见，表示都会听从他的安排，故选 A。
8. C 根据“The Huns have more soldiers than we do”可知，匈奴的士兵更多，所以鄯善国国王才会支持他们，故选 C。
9. B 根据“from a group of adult tigers”以及“we don't venture into their cave, how can we achieve our purpose”可知，此处借用“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”这个道理来告诉士兵接下来的冒险，故选 B。
10. A 句意：如果我们不冒险进入虎穴，我们怎么能达成目标呢？根据句意可知，此处是条件状语从句，假设不冒险时的情况，故选 A。
11. C 句意：我们别无选择，只能趁匈奴人熟睡的时候，攻击并杀死他们。have no choice but to do sth. 意为“除了做某事别无选择”，故选 C。
12. C 根据“At night... beat the war drums loudly.”可知，晚上，班超带着他的士兵悄悄来到匈奴的营地，结合选项可推测，当时匈奴人正在睡觉，故选 C。
13. A 根据“At night”以及常识可知，班超等人应该是秘密地进入匈奴营地，故选 A。
14. C 根据“There, he set fire and beat the war drums loudly.”可知，匈奴士兵在晚上熟睡的时候听到这些声音应该是感到很害怕，故选 C。
15. D 根据“The king admired Ban's... and he feared Ban at the same time.”以及上文班超的冒险行动可知，他是一个勇敢果断的人。由此推测，鄯善国国王既钦佩班超的勇敢，又害怕他，故选 D。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇完形填空，第一步先通读全文梳理故事主线：本文讲述汉代名将班超出使鄯善国，巧用计谋夜袭匈奴营地，最终成功和鄯善国达成和平协议的经典典故。解题时可以按三个思路推进：1. 优先观察空格前后的语义提示，比如第1空后面的不定式结构明确指向出行的目的，直接对应相关选项；2. 遇到词义相近的选项，结合故事发展的场景逻辑排除不符合的内容，比如班超仅带30人夜袭敌营，必然要隐蔽行动，不可能提前暴露行踪；3. 调用平时积累的固定短语，比如hand over、have no choice but to do这类常考搭配可以直接锁定答案，同时结合熟悉的典故“不入虎穴焉得虎子”的含义，就能快速对应相关空的答案，顺着逻辑推导即可选出所有正确选项。
【解析】
1. 根据后文“to set up good relations with the state”这一表目的的内容，可知班超出行的目的是和鄯善国建立友好关系，选D。
2. 句意为他身边只带了大约30名士兵，with表示“伴随、和…一起”，符合语境，选B。
3. 四个选项词义分别为：arrived in到达；went through经历；walked past路过；returned from从…返回，结合上下文可知这里指班超的队伍抵达鄯善国几天之后，选A。
4. 前文提到鄯善国王被匈奴游说，开始对班超一行人态度冷淡，说明此时他们正处在十分危险的处境中，situation表示“处境、情况”符合语义，选B。
5. 前文提到国王原本对他们很友善，现在态度冷淡，说明国王不再用友好的态度对待他们，friendly符合语境，选C。
6. hand over是固定搭配，意为“把…交给”，句意为如果什么都不做，国王可能会把他们交给匈奴人，选A。
7. 士兵询问班超的对策，表明所有人都会追随他、听从他的指挥，follow表示“跟随、追随”符合语义，选A。
8. 前文提到匈奴的兵力比班超一行人更多，因此鄯善国王很可能会支持匈奴，support符合语境，选C。
9. 后文对应典故“不入虎穴焉得虎子”，含义就是从成年老虎群里抢夺幼虎，baby tiger即“虎子”，选B。
10. 这里是条件状语从句，句意为如果我们不冒险进入老虎的洞穴，怎么能达成我们的目标呢？if引导条件状语从句符合逻辑，选A。
11. have no choice but to do sth.是固定短语，意为“除了做某事之外别无选择”，符合句意，选C。
12. 行动是在夜间开展，结合常识可知班超一行人选择趁匈奴人熟睡的时候发动袭击，选C。
13. 夜间突袭敌营，必然是秘密地行动，避免提前暴露行踪，secretly表示“秘密地”符合场景，选A。
14. 匈奴士兵在睡梦中突然听到鼓声、看到起火，第一反应是十分恐慌害怕，afraid符合语境，选C。
15. 班超带领少量人马冒险夜袭敌营的行为十分果敢，鄯善国王既钦佩他的勇气，又忌惮他的实力，bravery表示“勇敢”符合语义，选D。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.D
【知识点】
完形语境推理，动词固定搭配，古代文化典故
【点评】
本题选取了耳熟能详的班超相关历史典故作为语篇，贴合记叙文完形的常见考察方向，同时融入了文化常识元素，考点覆盖词义辨析、固定搭配、逻辑推导等完形填空核心考点。学生解题时顺着故事发展的脉络，结合前后文的提示信息，调用日常积累的短语和文化常识就可以顺利选出答案，整体趣味性较强，能帮助学生在做题的同时了解经典历史小故事。
【难度系数】
0.5
拿到这篇完形填空，第一步先通读全文梳理故事主线：本文讲述汉代名将班超出使鄯善国，巧用计谋夜袭匈奴营地，最终成功和鄯善国达成和平协议的经典典故。解题时可以按三个思路推进：1. 优先观察空格前后的语义提示，比如第1空后面的不定式结构明确指向出行的目的，直接对应相关选项；2. 遇到词义相近的选项，结合故事发展的场景逻辑排除不符合的内容，比如班超仅带30人夜袭敌营，必然要隐蔽行动，不可能提前暴露行踪；3. 调用平时积累的固定短语，比如hand over、have no choice but to do这类常考搭配可以直接锁定答案，同时结合熟悉的典故“不入虎穴焉得虎子”的含义，就能快速对应相关空的答案，顺着逻辑推导即可选出所有正确选项。
【解析】
1. 根据后文“to set up good relations with the state”这一表目的的内容，可知班超出行的目的是和鄯善国建立友好关系，选D。
2. 句意为他身边只带了大约30名士兵，with表示“伴随、和…一起”，符合语境，选B。
3. 四个选项词义分别为：arrived in到达；went through经历；walked past路过；returned from从…返回，结合上下文可知这里指班超的队伍抵达鄯善国几天之后，选A。
4. 前文提到鄯善国王被匈奴游说，开始对班超一行人态度冷淡，说明此时他们正处在十分危险的处境中，situation表示“处境、情况”符合语义，选B。
5. 前文提到国王原本对他们很友善，现在态度冷淡，说明国王不再用友好的态度对待他们，friendly符合语境，选C。
6. hand over是固定搭配，意为“把…交给”，句意为如果什么都不做，国王可能会把他们交给匈奴人，选A。
7. 士兵询问班超的对策，表明所有人都会追随他、听从他的指挥，follow表示“跟随、追随”符合语义，选A。
8. 前文提到匈奴的兵力比班超一行人更多，因此鄯善国王很可能会支持匈奴，support符合语境，选C。
9. 后文对应典故“不入虎穴焉得虎子”，含义就是从成年老虎群里抢夺幼虎，baby tiger即“虎子”，选B。
10. 这里是条件状语从句，句意为如果我们不冒险进入老虎的洞穴，怎么能达成我们的目标呢？if引导条件状语从句符合逻辑，选A。
11. have no choice but to do sth.是固定短语，意为“除了做某事之外别无选择”，符合句意，选C。
12. 行动是在夜间开展，结合常识可知班超一行人选择趁匈奴人熟睡的时候发动袭击，选C。
13. 夜间突袭敌营，必然是秘密地行动，避免提前暴露行踪，secretly表示“秘密地”符合场景，选A。
14. 匈奴士兵在睡梦中突然听到鼓声、看到起火，第一反应是十分恐慌害怕，afraid符合语境，选C。
15. 班超带领少量人马冒险夜袭敌营的行为十分果敢，鄯善国王既钦佩他的勇气，又忌惮他的实力，bravery表示“勇敢”符合语义，选D。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.D
【知识点】
完形语境推理，动词固定搭配，古代文化典故
【点评】
本题选取了耳熟能详的班超相关历史典故作为语篇，贴合记叙文完形的常见考察方向，同时融入了文化常识元素，考点覆盖词义辨析、固定搭配、逻辑推导等完形填空核心考点。学生解题时顺着故事发展的脉络，结合前后文的提示信息，调用日常积累的短语和文化常识就可以顺利选出答案，整体趣味性较强，能帮助学生在做题的同时了解经典历史小故事。
【难度系数】
0.5
