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四、信息还原(每小题2分,共10分)
请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Some dogs have so many toys that it can be difficult for their owners to follow them. There is something special about dogs that might surprise you. According to research, some of our four-legged friends have the ability to remember the names of their toys. 41.
The research involved five dogs. Researchers firstly taught the dogs the names of 12 new toys. After a month, researchers tested the dogs to see if they could remember the names. 42.
43.
The research team said, "While some dogs can learn the names of objects, it still isn't clear why others cannot." Dror said these dogs often had kind owners. 45.
A. They spent a lot of time with them.
B. They are too busy to stay with their dogs.
C. The owners then put the toys away for two years.
D. The dogs usually got the right toy 44% of the time.
E. They can remember even those they saw a long time ago.
F. The smartest dogs could remember as many as nine of the old toys.
请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的六个选项中选出五个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Some dogs have so many toys that it can be difficult for their owners to follow them. There is something special about dogs that might surprise you. According to research, some of our four-legged friends have the ability to remember the names of their toys. 41.
E
The research involved five dogs. Researchers firstly taught the dogs the names of 12 new toys. After a month, researchers tested the dogs to see if they could remember the names. 42.
C
For the new study, each owner took the toys out of hiding. Then they put them on the floor with some other toys. The researchers watched with cameras while the owners said the names of the earlier hidden toys and asked the dogs to get them.43.
D
Some of the dogs could get the right toy about 60% of the time. If the dogs forgot the names of their toys, researchers would believe that they could make the right choices 20.4% of the time—clearly by chance. 44. F
Lead researcher Shany Dror told reporters that the study showed that the dogs kept the names of their toys in their two-year memory.The research team said, "While some dogs can learn the names of objects, it still isn't clear why others cannot." Dror said these dogs often had kind owners. 45.
A
"If you spend more time with your dog, you will get more back from your kindness," she said.A. They spent a lot of time with them.
B. They are too busy to stay with their dogs.
C. The owners then put the toys away for two years.
D. The dogs usually got the right toy 44% of the time.
E. They can remember even those they saw a long time ago.
F. The smartest dogs could remember as many as nine of the old toys.
答案
四、信息还原
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一项关于狗的记忆能力的研究,发现部分狗能记住玩具名称并长期保持记忆。
41. E 根据上文"According to research, some of our four-legged friends have the ability to remember the names of their toys."和下文"The research involved five dogs. Researchers firstly taught the dogs the names of 12 new toys. After a month, researchers tested the dogs to see if they could remember the names."可知,此处应是继续讲述狗狗的记忆能力,且与"一段时间后是否还能记得"相关,选项E"它们甚至能记住很久之前见过的玩具。"符合语境。故选E。
42. C 根据上文"After a month, researchers tested the dogs to see if they could remember the names."可知,此处讲述的内容与测试的时间长度相关,选项C"主人们随后把这些玩具收起来放了两年。"符合语境。故选C。
43. D 根据下文"Some of the dogs could get the right toy about 60% of the time. If the dogs forgot the names of their toys, researchers would believe that they could make the right choices 20.4% of the time—clearly by chance."可知,此处应补充研究结果,选项D"这些狗通常有44%的概率能选对玩具。"符合语境。故选D。
44. F 根据上文"Some of the dogs could get the right toy about 60% of the time. If the dogs forgot the names of their toys, researchers would believe that they could make the right choices 20.4% of the time—clearly by chance."可知,此处应继续讲述与"记忆能力的差异"相关的内容,选项F"最聪明的狗能记住多达九个旧玩具。"符合语境。故选F。
45. A 根据上文"Dror said these dogs often had kind owners."和下文"If you spend more time with your dog, you will get more back from your kindness"可知,此处应是讲述主人和狗狗的相处,选项A"他们花了很多时间和它们在一起。"符合语境。故选A。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一项关于狗的记忆能力的研究,发现部分狗能记住玩具名称并长期保持记忆。
41. E 根据上文"According to research, some of our four-legged friends have the ability to remember the names of their toys."和下文"The research involved five dogs. Researchers firstly taught the dogs the names of 12 new toys. After a month, researchers tested the dogs to see if they could remember the names."可知,此处应是继续讲述狗狗的记忆能力,且与"一段时间后是否还能记得"相关,选项E"它们甚至能记住很久之前见过的玩具。"符合语境。故选E。
42. C 根据上文"After a month, researchers tested the dogs to see if they could remember the names."可知,此处讲述的内容与测试的时间长度相关,选项C"主人们随后把这些玩具收起来放了两年。"符合语境。故选C。
43. D 根据下文"Some of the dogs could get the right toy about 60% of the time. If the dogs forgot the names of their toys, researchers would believe that they could make the right choices 20.4% of the time—clearly by chance."可知,此处应补充研究结果,选项D"这些狗通常有44%的概率能选对玩具。"符合语境。故选D。
44. F 根据上文"Some of the dogs could get the right toy about 60% of the time. If the dogs forgot the names of their toys, researchers would believe that they could make the right choices 20.4% of the time—clearly by chance."可知,此处应继续讲述与"记忆能力的差异"相关的内容,选项F"最聪明的狗能记住多达九个旧玩具。"符合语境。故选F。
45. A 根据上文"Dror said these dogs often had kind owners."和下文"If you spend more time with your dog, you will get more back from your kindness"可知,此处应是讲述主人和狗狗的相处,选项A"他们花了很多时间和它们在一起。"符合语境。故选A。
解析
【分析】
做这类信息还原题，首先要先通读全文，明确本文是介绍关于部分狗狗能够记住玩具名称的相关研究的说明文，理清整体行文逻辑：先引出狗狗有记玩具名字的能力，再逐步介绍研究的流程、得到的各项数据结论，最后说明这类能力和主人陪伴的关联。接下来逐空定位前后文的关键线索：1. 41空前文刚点明研究发现狗狗有记住玩具名字的能力，后文马上开始介绍研究的具体开展过程，需要填入承接“记忆能力”、引出后续长期记忆测试的内容；2. 42空前文提到一个月后做了初次测试，后文提到后续新的研究要把之前藏起来的玩具拿出来，需要填入和玩具被收纳的时长相关的内容；3. 43空后文罗列了不同情况下狗狗选对玩具的概率数据，这里需要填入属于研究结果的某一项正确率数据；4. 44空前文已经给出普通狗狗的正确率、随机蒙对的概率，接下来要递进补充表现最好的狗狗的记忆表现；5. 45空前文提到这类狗狗的主人都很友善，后文点明花更多时间陪狗会得到正向反馈，这里需要填入衔接主人友善行为的内容，最后排除完全不符合语境的多余选项即可得到答案。
【解析】
41. 根据空前“According to research, some of our four-legged friends have the ability to remember the names of their toys.”，空后开始介绍验证狗狗长期记忆的相关研究，此处承接前文的记忆能力描述，E选项“它们甚至能记住很久之前见过的玩具”符合语境，衔接自然。
42. 根据空前“After a month, researchers tested the dogs to see if they could remember the names.”，空后提到后续研究要取出之前藏好的玩具，此处补充说明玩具被收纳的时长，C选项“主人们随后把这些玩具收起来放了两年”符合研究的时间跨度设定，衔接后文的两年记忆结论。
43. 根据空后罗列的60%正确率、20.4%随机正确率的实验数据，此处属于实验结果的其中一项数据，D选项“这些狗通常有44%的概率能选对玩具”和后文的各类正确率数据逻辑统一。
44. 根据前文已经给出的普通狗狗的正确率、随机猜对的概率，此处递进说明表现最优的狗狗的记忆能力，F选项“最聪明的狗能记住多达九个旧玩具”符合实验结果的递进逻辑，也呼应后文狗狗能把玩具名字保留两年记忆的结论。
45. 根据空前“Dror said these dogs often had kind owners.”，空后提到“如果你花更多时间和你的狗相处，你的善意会得到更多回报”，此处衔接主人友善的具体行为，A选项“他们花了很多时间和它们在一起”上下文呼应，逻辑通顺，多余选项B“他们太忙了没法陪自己的狗”和全文正向语境矛盾，直接排除。
【答案】
41. E 42. C 43. D 44. F 45. A
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，说明文信息匹配
【点评】
本题是典型的初中英语信息还原题型，主题贴近趣味科普，行文逻辑清晰，线索指向性较强，主要考察学生抓取上下文关联信息、梳理语篇行文脉络的能力，多余干扰项和全文语境冲突明显，整体区分度适中，学生只要顺着实验的“引出能力-介绍流程-给出数据-得出结论”的逻辑链梳理，就可以顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类信息还原题，首先要先通读全文，明确本文是介绍关于部分狗狗能够记住玩具名称的相关研究的说明文，理清整体行文逻辑：先引出狗狗有记玩具名字的能力，再逐步介绍研究的流程、得到的各项数据结论，最后说明这类能力和主人陪伴的关联。接下来逐空定位前后文的关键线索：1. 41空前文刚点明研究发现狗狗有记住玩具名字的能力，后文马上开始介绍研究的具体开展过程，需要填入承接“记忆能力”、引出后续长期记忆测试的内容；2. 42空前文提到一个月后做了初次测试，后文提到后续新的研究要把之前藏起来的玩具拿出来，需要填入和玩具被收纳的时长相关的内容；3. 43空后文罗列了不同情况下狗狗选对玩具的概率数据，这里需要填入属于研究结果的某一项正确率数据；4. 44空前文已经给出普通狗狗的正确率、随机蒙对的概率，接下来要递进补充表现最好的狗狗的记忆表现；5. 45空前文提到这类狗狗的主人都很友善，后文点明花更多时间陪狗会得到正向反馈，这里需要填入衔接主人友善行为的内容，最后排除完全不符合语境的多余选项即可得到答案。
【解析】
41. 根据空前“According to research, some of our four-legged friends have the ability to remember the names of their toys.”，空后开始介绍验证狗狗长期记忆的相关研究，此处承接前文的记忆能力描述，E选项“它们甚至能记住很久之前见过的玩具”符合语境，衔接自然。
42. 根据空前“After a month, researchers tested the dogs to see if they could remember the names.”，空后提到后续研究要取出之前藏好的玩具，此处补充说明玩具被收纳的时长，C选项“主人们随后把这些玩具收起来放了两年”符合研究的时间跨度设定，衔接后文的两年记忆结论。
43. 根据空后罗列的60%正确率、20.4%随机正确率的实验数据，此处属于实验结果的其中一项数据，D选项“这些狗通常有44%的概率能选对玩具”和后文的各类正确率数据逻辑统一。
44. 根据前文已经给出的普通狗狗的正确率、随机猜对的概率，此处递进说明表现最优的狗狗的记忆能力，F选项“最聪明的狗能记住多达九个旧玩具”符合实验结果的递进逻辑，也呼应后文狗狗能把玩具名字保留两年记忆的结论。
45. 根据空前“Dror said these dogs often had kind owners.”，空后提到“如果你花更多时间和你的狗相处，你的善意会得到更多回报”，此处衔接主人友善的具体行为，A选项“他们花了很多时间和它们在一起”上下文呼应，逻辑通顺，多余选项B“他们太忙了没法陪自己的狗”和全文正向语境矛盾，直接排除。
【答案】
41. E 42. C 43. D 44. F 45. A
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接，说明文信息匹配
【点评】
本题是典型的初中英语信息还原题型，主题贴近趣味科普，行文逻辑清晰，线索指向性较强，主要考察学生抓取上下文关联信息、梳理语篇行文脉络的能力，多余干扰项和全文语境冲突明显，整体区分度适中，学生只要顺着实验的“引出能力-介绍流程-给出数据-得出结论”的逻辑链梳理，就可以顺利选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.7
