一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的
正确形式(每空一词)
1. We should learn to use polite (问候) when we talk with foreign friends.
2. An (章鱼) is a clever deep-sea creature with eight long arms.
3. I took a (照相机) with me to take photos of beautiful sea animals.
4. Many scientists love to (下潜) into the sea to study the undersea world.
5. A large research (船;舰) can help scientists travel safely in the deep sea.
6. We were excited to reach the (底部) of the clean and clear sea.
7. The (海床) is full of amazing and strange living things.
8. What we saw in the deep sea was beyond our (预料).

1. greetings 2. octopus 3. camera 4. dive 5. vessel 6. bottom 7. seabed 8. expectation

【分析】
解题时需先根据句子结构判断空格处的词性，再结合汉语注释写出对应单词，同时注意单词的形式变化：1. 形容词后接名词，需考虑单复数；2. 不定冠词后接可数名词单数；3. 不定冠词后接可数名词单数；4. 固定结构后接动词原形；5. 名词作定语后接名词；6. 定冠词后接名词；7. 定冠词后接名词；8. 固定短语中用名词形式。
【解析】
1. 空格前为形容词polite，需填名词，“问候”对应greeting，此处表泛指用复数形式greetings；
2. 空格前为不定冠词an，需填可数名词单数，“章鱼”对应octopus；
3. 空格前为不定冠词a，需填可数名词单数，“照相机”对应camera；
4. 空格前为love to do结构，需填动词原形，“下潜”对应dive；
5. 空格前为名词research作定语，需填名词，“船；舰”对应vessel；
6. 空格前为定冠词the，需填名词，“底部”对应bottom；
7. 空格前为定冠词the，需填名词，“海床”对应seabed；
8. 空格处为固定短语beyond one's expectation的一部分，需填名词，“预料”对应expectation。
【答案】
1. greetings 2. octopus 3. camera 4. dive 5. vessel 6. bottom 7. seabed 8. expectation
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、名词的单复数、动词的形式、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为基础词汇考查题，聚焦核心单词的拼写及语境运用，难度较低，适合巩固英语基础词汇。
【难度系数】
0.2

二、单句语法填空
1. Scientists try to (cover) the secrets of the deep sea every year.
2. We want to go deep into the forest (explore) more plants.
3. The diver began to go slowly to the deep sea.
4. The (deep) of this sea can reach thousands of metres.
5. The strange fish looks a small light in the dark water.
6. Years ago, we (shock) by the beauty and danger of the deep sea.

1. uncover 2. to explore 3. down 4. depth 5. like 6. were shocked

【分析】
本题为单句语法填空题，需结合句意、固定搭配、语法结构及词性变化逐一分析：
1. 第1题：根据句意“科学家试图揭开深海的秘密”，cover意为“覆盖”，此处需用其反义词uncover（揭开），且try to后接动词原形；
2. 第2题：“深入森林”的目的是“探索更多植物”，需用不定式作目的状语；
3. 第3题：go down是固定短语，意为“下沉”，符合“去深海”的语境；
4. 第4题：定冠词the后需接名词，deep的名词形式为depth；
5. 第5题：look like是固定搭配，意为“看起来像”；
6. 第6题：be shocked by是固定搭配，表被动，时间状语years ago提示用一般过去时，主语为we，故用were shocked。
【解析】
1. 句意：科学家每年试图揭开深海的秘密。cover的反义词为uncover，try to do sth.结构要求接动词原形，故填uncover；
2. 句意：我们想深入森林去探索更多植物。此处用不定式作目的状语，表动作的目的，故填to explore；
3. 句意：潜水员开始慢慢下沉到深海。go down为固定短语，意为“下沉”，符合语境，故填down；
4. 句意：这片海的深度能达到数千米。定冠词the后需接名词，deep的名词形式是depth，故填depth；
5. 句意：这种奇怪的鱼在黑暗的水里看起来像一个小光源。look like是固定搭配，意为“看起来像”，故填like；
6. 句意：多年前，我们被深海的美丽和危险震惊了。be shocked by是固定搭配，表被动，时间状语years ago用一般过去时，主语we对应were，故填were shocked。
【答案】
1. uncover 2. to explore 3. down 4. depth 5. like 6. were shocked
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、非谓语动词、词性转换
【点评】
本题考查单句语法填空，侧重基础词汇变形、固定搭配及语法结构的运用，难度适中，是英语学习中的基础题型，需学生掌握常见的动词变形、非谓语用法和固定短语，平时多积累即可应对。
【难度系数】
0.5

三、将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中,每词仅用一次
source, uncover, known, teach, outer, be confident of
The deep sea is as wonderful as
1. space. It is a great
2. of life and energy for humans. Many people go deep into the ocean
3. its never-ending secrets. Most of the deep-sea world is still
4. to us. The secrets there are beyond our imagination. No matter how hard we study, our knowledge is limited. However, we should
5. exploring nature.
The deep sea 6. us that there is always more to learn.

1. outer 2. source 3. to uncover 4. unknown 5. be confident of 6. teaches

【分析】
先通读短文理解大意，再结合每个空的语境、固定搭配及语法规则，对所给词语进行适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。第1空需填“外太空”的固定搭配；第2空需填“……的来源”的固定结构；第3空需用不定式表目的；第4空根据语境填形容词的反义词；第5空需用情态动词后接动词原形的规则；第6空需结合主谓一致确定动词形式。
【解析】
1. 第1空：outer space是固定短语，意为“外太空”，符合“深海和外太空一样奇妙”的语境，故填outer；
2. 第2空：a great source of...表示“……的重要来源”，source符合“深海是人类生命和能量的重要来源”的句意，故填source；
3. 第3空：潜入深海的目的是揭开秘密，用不定式作目的状语，uncover的不定式形式为to uncover，故填to uncover；
4. 第4空：根据后文“秘密超出想象”可知，深海世界对我们是未知的，known的反义词为unknown，故填unknown；
5. 第5空：情态动词should后接动词原形，be confident of是固定短语，意为“对……有信心”，符合“我们应对探索自然有信心”的语境，故填be confident of；
6. 第6空：主语the deep sea是第三人称单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，teach的第三人称单数为teaches，故填teaches。
【答案】
1. outer 2. source 3. to uncover 4. unknown 5. be confident of 6. teaches
【知识点】
固定搭配、动词形式变化、形容词用法
【点评】
本题考查英语词语的适当形式填空，需结合语境、固定搭配及基础语法知识作答，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中，学生掌握基础短语和语法即可完成。
【难度系数】
0.5

四、完形填空
The ocean is full of amazing animals. It's also full of plastic. That's bad news for sea animals like deep-diving whales. They can 1 the plastic for food and eat it.
How do whales mix up plastic and food? A team at the Duke University, which has been looking into this 2 for some years, has recently published their research. It all comes down to echolocation(回声定位): a natural 3 that allows whales to "hear"
objects in the darkest depths of the sea. Some types of whales hunt in the deepest parts of the ocean. There's 4 light at those depths, so it's too dark for the whales to see. But they can hear by echolocation.
The whales make a sound and then they listen. They hear echoes from nearby objects. These echoes 5 the whales to hunt. The scientists found that rubbish and sea animals cause 6 echoes. To the whales, they "sound" the same. That can 7 the whales into eating rubbish.
The scientists 8 objects such as bottles, bags, and ropes. All of these have been found in the stomachs of whales. The team made sounds and recorded the strength(强度) of each echo off these objects. They then 9 these echoes to those produced off the bodies of sea animals. The echoes from the plastic things were similar in strength to those returned by sea animals.
Eating rubbish is 10 for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, 11 food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly. Merrill, the lead writer on the study, says, "The plastic 12 animals that are so far away from our daily life. This is really a big problem."
Everyone can play a part in 13 down plastic pollution. "People need to make real 14 in their daily life, and then support the kinds of solutions that are required to 15 with this problem," Merrill says.
()1. A. miss B. mistake C. use D. exchange
()2. A. question B. story C. show D. plan
()3. A. problem B. place C. process D. person
()4. A. much B. little C. many D. few
()5. A. teach B. ask C. allow D. stop
()6. A. different B. similar C. loud D. low
()7. A. trick B. help C. apply D. want
()8. A. threw B. gathered C. hid D. sold
()9. A. compared B. added C. turned D. wrote
()10. A. safe B. dangerous C. interesting D. healthy
()11. A. making B. letting C. preventing D. having
()12. A. protects B. impacts C. feeds D. saves
()13. A. cutting B. turning C. taking D. going
()14. A. rules B. changes C. predictions D. tools
()15. A. do B. meet C. deal D. agree

1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文讲海洋塑料被鲸鱼误作食物的原因及塑料污染问题），再结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配逐一分析选项：先理解每个空所在句的逻辑，再匹配词义、验证固定短语，最后确认整体语义通顺。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配：mistake...for...意为“把……错当成……”，鲸鱼把塑料误作食物，选B。
2. 语境：研究的是“鲸鱼混淆塑料和食物”这一问题，选A（question）。
3. 词义：回声定位是一种自然过程，选C（process）。
4. 修饰不可数名词light，表“几乎没有”用little，选B。
5. 固定搭配：allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，回声让鲸鱼捕猎，选C。
6. 语境：后文提到“它们听起来一样”，说明回声相似，选B（similar）。
7. 固定搭配：trick sb into doing sth意为“欺骗某人做某事”，指鲸鱼被误导吃垃圾，选A。
8. 语境：科学家收集塑料等物体，选B（gathered）。
9. 固定搭配：compare...to...意为“把……和……对比”，对比塑料与海洋动物的回声，选A。
10. 语境：塑料对鲸鱼有害，选B（dangerous）。
11. 固定搭配：prevent...from doing sth意为“阻止……做某事”，塑料阻止食物通过，选C。
12. 词义：塑料影响远离人类生活的动物，选B（impacts）。
13. 固定搭配：cut down意为“减少”，减少塑料污染，选A。
14. 语境：人们需在日常生活中做出改变，选B（changes）。
15. 固定搭配：deal with意为“处理”，解决污染问题，选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.C
【知识点】
完形填空解题、词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】
本文为海洋环保主题的说明文，侧重考查词汇辨析、固定搭配及上下文逻辑推理，需学生结合语境分析选项，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5