2026年课堂精练八年级数学上册北师大版福建专版第40页答案
12. 一个直角三角形的两直角边的长分别是$(3-\sqrt{2})\mathrm{cm}$和$(3+\sqrt{2})\mathrm{cm}$。求这个三角形的面积和周长。

答案

$\dfrac{7}{2}\ \mathrm{cm^2}$,$(6+\sqrt{22})\mathrm{cm}$
13.【数学应用】在初、高中阶段,要求二次根式化简的最终结果中分母不含有根号,也就是说当分母中有无理数时,要将其化为有理数,实现分母有理化。比如:
(1) $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{2×\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}×\sqrt{3}}=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}$;
(2) $\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{2(\sqrt{3}-1)}{(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)}=\frac{2(\sqrt{3}-1)}{2}=\sqrt{3}-1$。
试试看,你能将下列各式进行化简吗?
(1) $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$;
(2) $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}$;
(3) $\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dots+\frac{1}{\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}}$。

答案

(1) $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{1×\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{2}×\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$
(2) $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{(\sqrt{2}+1)(\sqrt{2}-1)}=\sqrt{2}-1$
(3) 因为$\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{(1+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}-1)}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-1}=\sqrt{2}-1$,$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})}=\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}$,…,$\frac{1}{\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9}}=\frac{\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{8}}{(\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{9})(\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{8})}=\frac{\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{8}}{9-8}=\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{8}$,所以原式$=(\sqrt{2}-1)+(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})+\dots+(\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{8})=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+\dots+\sqrt{9}-\sqrt{8}=\sqrt{9}-1=3-1=2$