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专项提优（四） 阅读表达
训练1 体裁：说明文 主题：航天与航空 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：7 min 正确率：/5
For a long time, people could only dream of living in space. A big question was: How could astronauts get fresh food on long space trips? Scientists had an idea—to grow plants in space.
The first space garden tests started inside the International Space Station (ISS). In 2015, astronauts there grew and ate red lettuce for the first time. It was a very important moment. The plants grew in special boxes under lights, without any soil. It was difficult. Without Earth’s gravity (重力), water floats (漂浮) in balls, and plant roots (根部) don’t know which way to grow. Scientists worked hard to solve these problems.
Why is this so important? Space gardening is not just for food. Plants can help make clean air. They take in the air astronauts breathe out and make new oxygen (氧气). They can also help clean water and make astronauts feel happier inside a small, metal spaceship. It makes a space station feel more like a home.
Now, scientists are trying to grow foods like tomatoes in space. Future plans may include having gardens on the Moon or Mars. Every small plant that grows in space is a big step for us. It brings us closer to a future when people can live among the stars, turning our dreams into reality.
1. Where did astronauts first eat food that was grown in space?
2. What is one problem for plants growing without Earth’s gravity?
3. How do plants help make clean air in a spaceship?
4. What can we infer about the progress of space gardening from the last paragraph?
5. If you can send one kind of plant to grow on a space station to help astronauts, which plant will you choose and why? Write 30 words or more.
训练1 体裁：说明文 主题：航天与航空 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：7 min 正确率：/5
For a long time, people could only dream of living in space. A big question was: How could astronauts get fresh food on long space trips? Scientists had an idea—to grow plants in space.
The first space garden tests started inside the International Space Station (ISS). In 2015, astronauts there grew and ate red lettuce for the first time. It was a very important moment. The plants grew in special boxes under lights, without any soil. It was difficult. Without Earth’s gravity (重力), water floats (漂浮) in balls, and plant roots (根部) don’t know which way to grow. Scientists worked hard to solve these problems.
Why is this so important? Space gardening is not just for food. Plants can help make clean air. They take in the air astronauts breathe out and make new oxygen (氧气). They can also help clean water and make astronauts feel happier inside a small, metal spaceship. It makes a space station feel more like a home.
Now, scientists are trying to grow foods like tomatoes in space. Future plans may include having gardens on the Moon or Mars. Every small plant that grows in space is a big step for us. It brings us closer to a future when people can live among the stars, turning our dreams into reality.
1. Where did astronauts first eat food that was grown in space?
(They first ate food) inside the International Space Station/ISS.
2. What is one problem for plants growing without Earth’s gravity?
Water floats in balls./Plant roots don't know which way to grow.
3. How do plants help make clean air in a spaceship?
By taking in the air astronauts breathe out and making new oxygen.
4. What can we infer about the progress of space gardening from the last paragraph?
Scientists are still testing and planning for the future.
5. If you can send one kind of plant to grow on a space station to help astronauts, which plant will you choose and why? Write 30 words or more.
I will choose sunflowers because they grow fast and are very bright. Looking at their big, yellow flowers can make astronauts feel warm and happy, just like a sunny day on Earth.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
答案
训练1 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家为解决宇航员长期太空生活的食物供给问题，在国际空间站开展太空种植实验。太空种植不仅提供新鲜食物，还能净化空气与水、调节宇航员心理，是人类实现星际居住梦想的重要一步。
1. (They first ate food) inside the International Space Station/ISS. 根据第二段“The first space garden tests started inside the International Space Station (ISS). In 2015, astronauts there grew and ate red lettuce for the first time.”可知，宇航员在国际空间站(ISS)内首次吃到太空种植的食物。
2. Water floats in balls./Plant roots don't know which way to grow. 根据第二段“Without Earth's gravity, water floats in balls, and plant roots don't know which way to grow.”可知，没有地球重力的情况下，水会漂浮成球状，且植物根系不知道往哪个方向生长。
3. By taking in the air astronauts breathe out and making new oxygen. 根据第三段“They take in the air astronauts breathe out and make new oxygen.”可知，植物通过吸收宇航员呼出的空气并制造新的氧气来帮助净化飞船内的空气。
4. Scientists are still testing and planning for the future. 根据第四段“Now, scientists are trying to grow foods like tomatoes in space. Future plans may include having gardens on the Moon or Mars.”可知，科学家仍在尝试种植新品种并制订未来计划。
5. I will choose sunflowers because they grow fast and are very bright. Looking at their big, yellow flowers can make astronauts feel warm and happy, just like a sunny day on Earth.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
1. (They first ate food) inside the International Space Station/ISS. 根据第二段“The first space garden tests started inside the International Space Station (ISS). In 2015, astronauts there grew and ate red lettuce for the first time.”可知，宇航员在国际空间站(ISS)内首次吃到太空种植的食物。
2. Water floats in balls./Plant roots don't know which way to grow. 根据第二段“Without Earth's gravity, water floats in balls, and plant roots don't know which way to grow.”可知，没有地球重力的情况下，水会漂浮成球状，且植物根系不知道往哪个方向生长。
3. By taking in the air astronauts breathe out and making new oxygen. 根据第三段“They take in the air astronauts breathe out and make new oxygen.”可知，植物通过吸收宇航员呼出的空气并制造新的氧气来帮助净化飞船内的空气。
4. Scientists are still testing and planning for the future. 根据第四段“Now, scientists are trying to grow foods like tomatoes in space. Future plans may include having gardens on the Moon or Mars.”可知，科学家仍在尝试种植新品种并制订未来计划。
5. I will choose sunflowers because they grow fast and are very bright. Looking at their big, yellow flowers can make astronauts feel warm and happy, just like a sunny day on Earth.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
解析
【分析】
本题为说明文阅读表达题，旨在考查学生的信息定位、细节提取及开放性表达能力。解题思路：1. 通读全文，把握文章主旨（太空种植的意义与进展）；2. 针对前4道细节题，根据问题关键词快速定位原文对应段落，提取准确信息作答；3. 第5道开放题需结合文章中太空种植对宇航员的帮助，选择合适植物并阐述理由，满足字数要求。
【解析】
1. 问题问宇航员首次吃太空种植食物的地点，定位第二段“The first space garden tests started inside the International Space Station (ISS). In 2015, astronauts there grew and ate red lettuce for the first time.”，提取地点信息作答。
2. 问题问无地球重力时植物生长的问题，定位第二段“Without Earth’s gravity, water floats in balls, and plant roots don’t know which way to grow.”，提取其中任意一个问题作答。
3. 问题问植物净化空气的方式，定位第三段“They take in the air astronauts breathe out and make new oxygen.”，整理方式作答。
4. 问题问太空种植的进展，定位第四段“Now, scientists are trying to grow foods like tomatoes in space. Future plans may include having gardens on the Moon or Mars.”，总结进展作答。
5. 开放性问题，结合文章中太空种植对宇航员的心理调节等作用，选择合适植物并阐述理由，符合要求即可。
【答案】
1. (They first ate food) inside the International Space Station/ISS.
2. Water floats in balls./Plant roots don't know which way to grow.
3. By taking in the air astronauts breathe out and making new oxygen.
4. Scientists are still testing and planning for the future.
5. I will choose sunflowers because they grow fast and are very bright. Looking at their big, yellow flowers can make astronauts feel warm and happy, just like a sunny day on Earth.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、阅读理解推理判断、开放性表达
【点评】
本题围绕航天与航空主题，考查学生的英语阅读理解能力及语言运用能力，题型设置全面，既考查基础信息提取，又考查开放表达，符合初中英语阅读表达的考查方向。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为说明文阅读表达题，旨在考查学生的信息定位、细节提取及开放性表达能力。解题思路：1. 通读全文，把握文章主旨（太空种植的意义与进展）；2. 针对前4道细节题，根据问题关键词快速定位原文对应段落，提取准确信息作答；3. 第5道开放题需结合文章中太空种植对宇航员的帮助，选择合适植物并阐述理由，满足字数要求。
【解析】
1. 问题问宇航员首次吃太空种植食物的地点，定位第二段“The first space garden tests started inside the International Space Station (ISS). In 2015, astronauts there grew and ate red lettuce for the first time.”，提取地点信息作答。
2. 问题问无地球重力时植物生长的问题，定位第二段“Without Earth’s gravity, water floats in balls, and plant roots don’t know which way to grow.”，提取其中任意一个问题作答。
3. 问题问植物净化空气的方式，定位第三段“They take in the air astronauts breathe out and make new oxygen.”，整理方式作答。
4. 问题问太空种植的进展，定位第四段“Now, scientists are trying to grow foods like tomatoes in space. Future plans may include having gardens on the Moon or Mars.”，总结进展作答。
5. 开放性问题，结合文章中太空种植对宇航员的心理调节等作用，选择合适植物并阐述理由，符合要求即可。
【答案】
1. (They first ate food) inside the International Space Station/ISS.
2. Water floats in balls./Plant roots don't know which way to grow.
3. By taking in the air astronauts breathe out and making new oxygen.
4. Scientists are still testing and planning for the future.
5. I will choose sunflowers because they grow fast and are very bright. Looking at their big, yellow flowers can make astronauts feel warm and happy, just like a sunny day on Earth.(答案不唯一，言之有理即可)
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、阅读理解推理判断、开放性表达
【点评】
本题围绕航天与航空主题，考查学生的英语阅读理解能力及语言运用能力，题型设置全面，既考查基础信息提取，又考查开放表达，符合初中英语阅读表达的考查方向。
【难度系数】
0.6
