一、语法专练 用被动语态或主动语态改写下列句子。
1. People build many new schools in rural areas every year.
Many new schools every year.
2. The nurse takes care of the sick children carefully.
The sick children .
3. The Students' Union raise more than 1,000 books every year.
More than 1,000 books by the Students' Union every year.
4. A new bridge was built over the river by the workers last year.
The workers over the river last year.
5. Our school holds a charity show in March.
A charity show in March.
6. The world-famous writer Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Hamlet by the world-famous writer Shakespeare.
7. The company will offer more donations to people in need next month.
More donations in need by the company next month.
8. Was the old building repaired by skilled workers in 2025?
the old building in 2025?
9. The charity provided these families with enough clean water.
These families clean water by the charity.
10. What else do they use the flying plane as?
What else by them?

1. are built in rural areas
2. are taken care of carefully by the nurse
3. are raised
4. built a new bridge
5. is held by our school
6. was written by
7. will be offered to people
8. Did skilled workers repair
9. were provided with enough
10. is the flying plane used as

【分析】
这道题考查主动语态和被动语态的互换，解题思路如下：
1. 先明确改写方向：如果是主动改被动，第一步把原句的动作宾语作为新句子的主语，第二步匹配原句对应时态的被动语态结构，第三步保留原句的修饰成分、状语，原句的动作执行者需要保留的话放在by之后引出，注意动词固定短语的介词不能遗漏；如果是被动改主动，第一步把原句by后的动作执行者作为新句子的主语，第二步匹配对应时态的主动谓语结构，第三步把原句的被动主语调整为主动句的宾语，疑问句还要调整助动词的位置符合主动句语序。
2. 改写全程注意主谓一致，不要遗漏原句的限定、修饰成分，保证句子语义和原句完全一致。
【解析】
1. 原句为一般现在时主动语态，新主语Many new schools是复数，对应一般现在时被动结构are built，补充原句的地点状语in rural areas，得出答案。
2. 原句为一般现在时主动语态，新主语The sick children是复数，短语take care of的被动形式为are taken care of，补充修饰副词carefully和动作执行者by the nurse，得出答案。
3. 原句为一般现在时主动语态，新主语More than 1,000 books是复数，对应一般现在时被动结构are raised，句后已经有by引出执行者，直接填写即可。
4. 原句为一般过去时被动语态，改写为主动句，主语The workers是复数，谓语用build的过去式built，原句的动作对象a new bridge作主动句宾语，得出答案。
5. 原句为一般现在时主动语态，新主语A charity show是单数，对应一般现在时被动结构is held，补充动作执行者by our school，得出答案。
6. 原句为一般过去时主动语态，新主语Hamlet是单数，对应一般过去时被动结构was written，后续接by引出执行者，得出答案。
7. 原句为一般将来时主动语态，新主语More donations是复数，对应一般将来时被动结构will be offered，搭配固定结构offer sth to sb，补充to people，得出答案。
8. 原句为一般过去时被动疑问句，改写为主动句，主语是skilled workers，一般过去时疑问句用助动词Did开头，后接谓语动词原形repair，得出答案。
9. 原句为一般过去时主动语态，搭配provide sb with sth，新主语These families是复数，对应一般过去时被动结构were provided with，补充限定词enough，得出答案。
10. 原句为一般现在时主动特殊疑问句，改写为被动句，新主语the flying plane是单数，对应一般现在时被动疑问结构is...used as，得出答案。
【答案】
1. are built in rural areas
2. are taken care of carefully by the nurse
3. are raised
4. built a new bridge
5. is held by our school
6. was written by
7. will be offered to people
8. Did skilled workers repair
9. were provided with enough
10. is the flying plane used as
【知识点】
主动语态，被动语态，时态匹配
【点评】
本题覆盖了一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三类核心时态的主被动互换，同时涉及带介词的动词短语被动转换、双宾语结构转换、疑问句语态改写等细节考点，考点设置全面，能够有效帮助学生夯实被动语态的基础结构和改写规则，改写时需要注意不要遗漏修饰成分、不要丢失动词短语的附属介词，同时保证主谓一致，避免出现结构错误。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、动词填空
1. Thousands of books (donate) to the mountain schools every term.
2. The little girl (save) from the river by a policeman yesterday.
3. The meeting (hold) in the school hall every Friday afternoon.
4. It's believed that a group of volunteers (send) to help with the community work as soon as the notice (put) up.
5. The lost pet dog (find) by its owner in the bushes near the park this morning.
6. She (not hear) from her cousin since he went abroad for further study.
7. The students (discuss) the plan for the volunteer activity the whole morning, but they still haven't decided all the details.
8. The pen my father bought for me yesterday (write) well.
9. My father (tell) me the importance of helping others many times.
10. This organization (make) up of volunteers from all walks of life helps protect the environment in this area.

1. are donated
2. was saved
3. is held
4. will be sent; is put
5. was found
6. hasn't heard
7. were discussing
8. writes
9. has told
10. made

【分析】
做这类动词填空题，我们可以按照三步法思考：第一步先判断主语和所给动词的逻辑关系，若主语是动作的承受者，就要用被动语态（结构为be+动词过去分词），若主语是动作的发出者则用主动形式；第二步定位句中的时间提示词，匹配对应的时态规则，比如every系列的频度词对应一般现在时，yesterday这类过去时间词对应一般过去时，as soon as引导的时间状语从句要遵循“主将从现”规则，since引导的从句对应主句用现在完成时；第三步还要注意特殊语法规则，比如表示事物属性的动词常用主动表被动，句中已有谓语时要考虑非谓语动词的用法，避开易错陷阱。
【解析】
1. 主语Thousands of books是donate的动作承受者，表被动，时间标志every term说明是一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are，donate的过去分词为donated，因此填are donated。
2. 主语The little girl是save的动作承受者，表被动，时间标志yesterday说明是一般过去时，主语为单数，be动词用was，save的过去分词为saved，因此填was saved。
3. 主语The meeting是hold的动作承受者，表被动，时间标志every Friday afternoon说明是一般现在时，主语为单数，be动词用is，hold的过去分词为held，因此填is held。
4. as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”规则：主句主语volunteers是send的动作承受者，用一般将来时的被动结构will be sent；从句主语the notice是put up的动作承受者，用一般现在时的被动结构，主语为单数，be动词用is，因此两个空分别填will be sent、is put。
5. 主语The lost pet dog是find的动作承受者，表被动，时间标志this morning说明是一般过去时，主语为单数，be动词用was，find的过去分词为found，因此填was found。
6. 主语She是hear from的动作发出者，表主动，since引导时间状语从句，主句要用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，否定形式直接在has后加not，因此填hasn't heard。
7. 时间标志the whole morning强调过去一整个上午动作持续进行，主语students是复数，用过去进行时结构were discussing，因此填were discussing。
8. 此处write well是主动形式表被动含义，用来描述笔书写流畅的属性特质，主语the pen是单数，用一般现在时，因此填writes。
9. 时间标志many times强调到目前为止已经多次告知，用现在完成时，主语my father是第三人称单数，因此填has told。
10. 句中已经存在谓语helps，空格处需要填非谓语作后置定语修饰organization，organization和make up of是被动关系，用过去分词made，因此填made。
【答案】
1. are donated
2. was saved
3. is held
4. will be sent; is put
5. was found
6. hasn't heard
7. were discussing
8. writes
9. has told
10. made
【知识点】
动词时态辨析，被动语态用法，非谓语动词
【点评】
本题是初中动词考点的综合类习题，覆盖了一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等核心时态，也考察了不同时态下的被动语态规则，还设置了主动表被动、过去分词作定语的易错考点，能有效检验学生对动词相关语法的综合掌握程度，提醒学生做题时不能只看主被动，还要结合句子结构、特殊用法综合判断。
【难度系数】
0.5