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四、根据课本第 36、37 页 1b 的语篇内容，完成下面的表格。
|Paragraph|Main idea|Details|
|----|----|----|
|Paragraph 1|Mount Qomolangma & climbing challenges|• Mount Qomolangma is one of the 1.
• Only the best climbers reach the top only if they survive the 2.
|Paragraph 2|Early attempts from the northern side|Before 1960, no one reached the top from the northern side.
Climbers even called that way the “4.
But a 5.
|Paragraph 3|Chinese climbing in 1960|• On 24 May 1960, four Chinese climbers arrived at the Second Step. It was 6.
• On 25 May, 7.
|Paragraph 4|Later Chinese climbing efforts & achievements|• In 1975, another Chinese team brought 8.
• In 2020, a Chinese research team went to Qomolangma to 10.
|Paragraph 5|Reasons for climbing Qomolangma|People risk their lives to climb it because human 11.
|Paragraph|Main idea|Details|
|----|----|----|
|Paragraph 1|Mount Qomolangma & climbing challenges|• Mount Qomolangma is one of the 1.
greatest wonders
of the world.• Only the best climbers reach the top only if they survive the 2.
terrible conditions
first, such as low temperatures, thin air, high cliffs and 3. changeable weather
.||Paragraph 2|Early attempts from the northern side|Before 1960, no one reached the top from the northern side.
Climbers even called that way the “4.
Death Road
”.But a 5.
Chinese climbing team
was determined to make the climb.||Paragraph 3|Chinese climbing in 1960|• On 24 May 1960, four Chinese climbers arrived at the Second Step. It was 6.
8,600 metres
above sea level.• On 25 May, 7.
the Chinese national flag
flew above the world’s highest mountain for the first time.||Paragraph 4|Later Chinese climbing efforts & achievements|• In 1975, another Chinese team brought 8.
a ladder
to the Second Step. Almost all climbers used it to reach the top 9. much faster
until 2007.• In 2020, a Chinese research team went to Qomolangma to 10.
measure its height
— 8,848.86 metres.||Paragraph 5|Reasons for climbing Qomolangma|People risk their lives to climb it because human 11.
curiosity and ambition
can’t be stopped, or simply “12. because it's there
,” as the English explorer George Mallory put it.|答案
1. greatest wonders 2. terrible conditions
3. changeable weather 4. Death Road
5. Chinese climbing team 6. 8,600 metres
7. the Chinese national flag 8. a ladder
9. much faster 10. measure its height
11. curiosity and ambition 12. because it's
there
3. changeable weather 4. Death Road
5. Chinese climbing team 6. 8,600 metres
7. the Chinese national flag 8. a ladder
9. much faster 10. measure its height
11. curiosity and ambition 12. because it's
there
解析
【分析】
这是一道基于指定课本语篇的细节类表格填空题，解题思路如下：1. 先明确每一行对应的段落主题，结合给出的已有提示信息梳理空缺处的语义方向；2. 定位对应段落的语篇内容，结合珠峰攀登相关的常识，匹配课文原文的固定表述；3. 填写完成后通读整段细节内容，检查语义逻辑是否通顺，确认内容完全贴合课文原文，避免自行编造不符合语篇的表达。
【解析】
我们逐空结合语境和课文原文推导答案：
1. 空缺前语境为“珠穆朗玛峰是世界上______之一”，one of后接可数名词复数，结合课文表述，珠穆朗玛峰是世界最伟大的奇观之一，因此填greatest wonders。
2. 空缺后列举了低温、稀薄空气、高耸悬崖等内容，这些都是珠峰上的恶劣环境条件，因此填terrible conditions。
3. 此处补充珠峰攀登的典型挑战，除已列出的几项外，课文提及的核心挑战是多变的天气，因此填changeable weather。
4. 语境为珠峰北侧的攀登路线被登山者赋予特殊称呼，这条难度极高、此前无人成功登顶的路线被称为“死亡之路”，因此填Death Road。
5. 结合后文1960年中国登山者的攀登事件，此处指一支中国登山队决心完成北侧登顶的挑战，因此填Chinese climbing team。
6. 此处填写珠峰第二台阶的海拔高度，课文明确标注其海拔为8600米，因此填8,600 metres。
7. 1960年5月25日，五星红旗首次出现在世界最高峰之上，对应课文内容填the Chinese national flag。
8. 1975年中国登山队为了降低第二台阶的攀登难度，专门带去了一架梯子，因此填a ladder。
9. 有了梯子的辅助后，后续几乎所有登山者登顶的速度都快了很多，该状态一直持续到2007年，因此填much faster。
10. 2020年中国科考队前往珠峰的核心任务是重新测量它的高度，最终测得的高程为8848.86米，因此填measure its height。
11. 人们甘愿冒着生命危险攀登珠峰，本质是人类的好奇心与探索的野心无法被阻挡，因此填curiosity and ambition。
12. 此处是英国探险家乔治·马洛里的经典名言“因为山在那里”，对应内容填because it's there。
【答案】
1. greatest wonders
2. terrible conditions
3. changeable weather
4. Death Road
5. Chinese climbing team
6. 8,600 metres
7. the Chinese national flag
8. a ladder
9. much faster
10. measure its height
11. curiosity and ambition
12. because it's there
【知识点】
语篇细节定位，珠峰相关常识，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题完全依托课本核心语篇设置考点，既考查学生对课文内容的熟悉程度、抓取文本关键细节的能力，也融入了中国登山队攀登珠峰的相关历史常识，引导学生在阅读过程中梳理文本的逻辑脉络，积累相关主题的英语表达。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一道基于指定课本语篇的细节类表格填空题，解题思路如下：1. 先明确每一行对应的段落主题，结合给出的已有提示信息梳理空缺处的语义方向；2. 定位对应段落的语篇内容，结合珠峰攀登相关的常识，匹配课文原文的固定表述；3. 填写完成后通读整段细节内容，检查语义逻辑是否通顺，确认内容完全贴合课文原文，避免自行编造不符合语篇的表达。
【解析】
我们逐空结合语境和课文原文推导答案：
1. 空缺前语境为“珠穆朗玛峰是世界上______之一”，one of后接可数名词复数，结合课文表述，珠穆朗玛峰是世界最伟大的奇观之一，因此填greatest wonders。
2. 空缺后列举了低温、稀薄空气、高耸悬崖等内容，这些都是珠峰上的恶劣环境条件，因此填terrible conditions。
3. 此处补充珠峰攀登的典型挑战，除已列出的几项外，课文提及的核心挑战是多变的天气，因此填changeable weather。
4. 语境为珠峰北侧的攀登路线被登山者赋予特殊称呼，这条难度极高、此前无人成功登顶的路线被称为“死亡之路”，因此填Death Road。
5. 结合后文1960年中国登山者的攀登事件，此处指一支中国登山队决心完成北侧登顶的挑战，因此填Chinese climbing team。
6. 此处填写珠峰第二台阶的海拔高度，课文明确标注其海拔为8600米，因此填8,600 metres。
7. 1960年5月25日，五星红旗首次出现在世界最高峰之上，对应课文内容填the Chinese national flag。
8. 1975年中国登山队为了降低第二台阶的攀登难度，专门带去了一架梯子，因此填a ladder。
9. 有了梯子的辅助后，后续几乎所有登山者登顶的速度都快了很多，该状态一直持续到2007年，因此填much faster。
10. 2020年中国科考队前往珠峰的核心任务是重新测量它的高度，最终测得的高程为8848.86米，因此填measure its height。
11. 人们甘愿冒着生命危险攀登珠峰，本质是人类的好奇心与探索的野心无法被阻挡，因此填curiosity and ambition。
12. 此处是英国探险家乔治·马洛里的经典名言“因为山在那里”，对应内容填because it's there。
【答案】
1. greatest wonders
2. terrible conditions
3. changeable weather
4. Death Road
5. Chinese climbing team
6. 8,600 metres
7. the Chinese national flag
8. a ladder
9. much faster
10. measure its height
11. curiosity and ambition
12. because it's there
【知识点】
语篇细节定位，珠峰相关常识，固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题完全依托课本核心语篇设置考点，既考查学生对课文内容的熟悉程度、抓取文本关键细节的能力，也融入了中国登山队攀登珠峰的相关历史常识，引导学生在阅读过程中梳理文本的逻辑脉络，积累相关主题的英语表达。
【难度系数】
0.7
五、根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
The Horsetail Fall is one of Yosemite National Park’s most amazing views. Around the second week of February, the setting sun hits the Horsetail Fall at just the right angle (角度) to light the upper parts of the waterfall. And when conditions are right, the Horsetail Fall becomes orange and red at sunset. It is like red - hot lava (熔岩) pouring down from the top of the El Capitan. So, it gets the name “firefall”.
The firefall is a perfect match of the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears on dry, warm and cloudless days. There must be enough flowing water to make a firefall too. So there must be enough snow on the mountain top, and it turns into water on warm afternoons.
The sun goes to the best place before the Horsetail Fall in late February. And the best time to watch the Horsetail Fall is 5 to 15 minutes before the sunset. Only at this time can visitors see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch it, because it is close to the fall and is perfect to set up cameras and tents.
Every year in February, thousands of photographers come to watch the firefall. Although the view may appear just minutes before sunset, many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time. “I’m just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you don’t want to miss during the winter,” says Kate Moore, a traveller.
(
A. How the firefall gets its name.
B. Why it’s easy to see the firefall.
C. Who was the first to find the firefall.
D. On which day people can visit the firefall.
(
A. It lasts for half an hour before the sunset.
B. It usually appears on wet, warm and cloudy days.
C. Rivers provide enough flowing water to form a firefall.
D. Its best viewing place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.
(
A. To take photos of the sunset.
B. To enjoy the warm afternoon.
C. To get a proper place to set their cameras.
D. To wait for the snow to turn into water.
(
A. The firefall is worth seeing.
B. It’s dangerous to watch the firefall.
C. The firefall brings little surprise.
D. It’s a waste of time to visit the firefall.
(
A. In an art magazine.
B. In a nature magazine.
C. In a history textbook.
D. On a technology website.
The Horsetail Fall is one of Yosemite National Park’s most amazing views. Around the second week of February, the setting sun hits the Horsetail Fall at just the right angle (角度) to light the upper parts of the waterfall. And when conditions are right, the Horsetail Fall becomes orange and red at sunset. It is like red - hot lava (熔岩) pouring down from the top of the El Capitan. So, it gets the name “firefall”.
The firefall is a perfect match of the weather, the fall, the time and the watching place. It usually appears on dry, warm and cloudless days. There must be enough flowing water to make a firefall too. So there must be enough snow on the mountain top, and it turns into water on warm afternoons.
The sun goes to the best place before the Horsetail Fall in late February. And the best time to watch the Horsetail Fall is 5 to 15 minutes before the sunset. Only at this time can visitors see the firefall. The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch it, because it is close to the fall and is perfect to set up cameras and tents.
Every year in February, thousands of photographers come to watch the firefall. Although the view may appear just minutes before sunset, many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time. “I’m just saying that the Yosemite Firefall is something you don’t want to miss during the winter,” says Kate Moore, a traveller.
(
A
)1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A. How the firefall gets its name.
B. Why it’s easy to see the firefall.
C. Who was the first to find the firefall.
D. On which day people can visit the firefall.
(
D
)2. What can we know about the firefall?A. It lasts for half an hour before the sunset.
B. It usually appears on wet, warm and cloudy days.
C. Rivers provide enough flowing water to form a firefall.
D. Its best viewing place is the El Capitan Picnic Area.
(
C
)3. Why do many photographers come hours earlier to watch the firefall?A. To take photos of the sunset.
B. To enjoy the warm afternoon.
C. To get a proper place to set their cameras.
D. To wait for the snow to turn into water.
(
A
)4. What can we infer from the words of Kate Moore?A. The firefall is worth seeing.
B. It’s dangerous to watch the firefall.
C. The firefall brings little surprise.
D. It’s a waste of time to visit the firefall.
(
B
)5. Where can we probably read this text?A. In an art magazine.
B. In a nature magazine.
C. In a history textbook.
D. On a technology website.
答案
1—5 ADCAB
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍优胜美地国家公园“火瀑布”景观的说明类阅读理解，解题时先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对每道题的题干关键词定位到原文对应段落，逐一比对选项和原文内容，排除表述错误、无中生有的干扰项即可选出正确答案：1. 第一题是段落主旨题，梳理第一段的核心逻辑，明确段落围绕火瀑布名称的由来展开；2. 第二题是细节理解题，逐个核对每个选项的描述和原文给出的火瀑布出现条件、时长、观赏位置等信息是否一致；3. 第三题是细节查找题，直接定位摄影师提前到场的相关语句就能找到答案；4. 第四题是推理判断题，结合人物话语的含义推导其表达的态度；5. 第五题是文章出处推断题，根据文本的主题属性判断对应的发布载体。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段先介绍马尾瀑布在二月特定时段日落时会呈现橙红色，像滚烫的熔岩从酋长岩顶端倾泻而下，因此得名“火瀑布”，核心是讲解火瀑布名字的由来。B选项“很容易看到火瀑布”第一段未提及，C选项“第一个发现火瀑布的人”无相关内容，D选项“人们可以参观火瀑布的具体日期”不是第一段核心内容，因此选A。
2. 第2题：根据原文第三段最后一句“The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch it”可知，火瀑布的最佳观赏点是酋长岩野餐区，D选项表述正确。A选项：原文提到最佳观赏时长是日落前5到15分钟，并非半小时，错误；B选项：原文提到火瀑布通常出现在干燥、温暖、无云的日子，并非潮湿多云，错误；C选项：原文提到足够的流水来自山顶的积雪融化，并非河流提供，错误。因此选D。
3. 第3题：根据原文最后一段“many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time”可知，摄影师提前几小时到场是为了抢占合适的位置摆放相机，对应C选项，其余选项均不符合原文表述，因此选C。
4. 第4题：Kate Moore提到“火瀑布是你冬天绝对不想错过的景观”，言外之意就是火瀑布非常值得游览观赏，A选项符合推导结果，B“观赏火瀑布很危险”、C“火瀑布几乎没有惊喜”、D“参观火瀑布浪费时间”均和原文表意相反，因此选A。
5. 第5题：本文主要介绍自然景观火瀑布的形成条件、观赏方式等相关自然地理内容，最有可能出现在自然类杂志中。A艺术杂志、C历史课本、D科技网站均不符合文本主题，因此选B。
【答案】
1—5 ADCAB
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找
阅读理解主旨归纳
阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
本篇阅读属于自然主题的说明类阅读，整体难度不高，绝大多数题目都可以通过定位原文直接找到对应答案，仅少量题目需要简单的主旨归纳和逻辑推理，学生解题时要注意仔细比对选项和原文的细节差异，避开偷换概念的干扰项即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍优胜美地国家公园“火瀑布”景观的说明类阅读理解，解题时先通读全文把握核心内容，再针对每道题的题干关键词定位到原文对应段落，逐一比对选项和原文内容，排除表述错误、无中生有的干扰项即可选出正确答案：1. 第一题是段落主旨题，梳理第一段的核心逻辑，明确段落围绕火瀑布名称的由来展开；2. 第二题是细节理解题，逐个核对每个选项的描述和原文给出的火瀑布出现条件、时长、观赏位置等信息是否一致；3. 第三题是细节查找题，直接定位摄影师提前到场的相关语句就能找到答案；4. 第四题是推理判断题，结合人物话语的含义推导其表达的态度；5. 第五题是文章出处推断题，根据文本的主题属性判断对应的发布载体。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段先介绍马尾瀑布在二月特定时段日落时会呈现橙红色，像滚烫的熔岩从酋长岩顶端倾泻而下，因此得名“火瀑布”，核心是讲解火瀑布名字的由来。B选项“很容易看到火瀑布”第一段未提及，C选项“第一个发现火瀑布的人”无相关内容，D选项“人们可以参观火瀑布的具体日期”不是第一段核心内容，因此选A。
2. 第2题：根据原文第三段最后一句“The El Capitan Picnic Area is the best place to watch it”可知，火瀑布的最佳观赏点是酋长岩野餐区，D选项表述正确。A选项：原文提到最佳观赏时长是日落前5到15分钟，并非半小时，错误；B选项：原文提到火瀑布通常出现在干燥、温暖、无云的日子，并非潮湿多云，错误；C选项：原文提到足够的流水来自山顶的积雪融化，并非河流提供，错误。因此选D。
3. 第3题：根据原文最后一段“many of them have to come hours earlier to get a right place to set their cameras in time”可知，摄影师提前几小时到场是为了抢占合适的位置摆放相机，对应C选项，其余选项均不符合原文表述，因此选C。
4. 第4题：Kate Moore提到“火瀑布是你冬天绝对不想错过的景观”，言外之意就是火瀑布非常值得游览观赏，A选项符合推导结果，B“观赏火瀑布很危险”、C“火瀑布几乎没有惊喜”、D“参观火瀑布浪费时间”均和原文表意相反，因此选A。
5. 第5题：本文主要介绍自然景观火瀑布的形成条件、观赏方式等相关自然地理内容，最有可能出现在自然类杂志中。A艺术杂志、C历史课本、D科技网站均不符合文本主题，因此选B。
【答案】
1—5 ADCAB
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找
阅读理解主旨归纳
阅读理解推理判断
【点评】
本篇阅读属于自然主题的说明类阅读，整体难度不高，绝大多数题目都可以通过定位原文直接找到对应答案，仅少量题目需要简单的主旨归纳和逻辑推理，学生解题时要注意仔细比对选项和原文的细节差异，避开偷换概念的干扰项即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.8
