五、阅读理解。
Lima, the capital of Peru, is located in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. With a population of more than 10 million, Lima is one of the largest cities and the only capital in South America that faces the ocean.
Lima has a long history. The lost Inca civilization is thought to be a mystery. There are many museums, where you can learn: how the ancient American Indians founded the Inca Empire and built Machu Picchu, a famous ancient city in the Andes Mountains; what happened in 1532 and why over 90% of Peruvians speak Spanish. Visiting the Historic Centre of Lima, a World Heritage Site, you may find you are communicating with both the past and the present.
Lima is also a place where you can find the lifestyles and fashions created by its people and culture. You will see Peruvian clothes, dances, and taste their delicious foods and drinks. You can see buildings in different styles, enjoy the fantastic sunset over the ancient ruins, climb the mountains, fly over the ocean, or sit in the restaurants and bars to experience Peruvians' relaxing life.
You may have heard “It never rains in Lima.”. In fact, the special geographic feature makes it not as dry as it is said to be and it is warm all year round. Though it seldom rains in summer, it sometimes drizzles on early winter mornings. The drizzle and the wet air “water” the ground, which makes the crops and the plants grow. Moreover, modern technology helps to bring water from the snow and ice on the top of the Andes (over 6,000 m high) for the city to use. People there never waste water.
Lima is such an amazing city that it is worth a visit.
1. According to the passage, where is Lima?
A. In South Africa.
B. In the eastern coastal part of Peru.
C. In the north of Spain.
D. Next to the Pacific Ocean.
2. Most people in Peru speak .
A. French
B. Spanish
C. English
D. the Inca language
3. The underlined word “drizzle” probably means “”.
A. warm air
B. sea water
C. snow and ice
D. very light rain
4. Lima is a city .
A. which is rich in water resources
B. where people can learn Inca culture
C. which is the largest in South America
D. where the houses are in the same style

五、1. D 细节理解题。根据“Lima, the capital of Peru, is located in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.”可知，秘鲁首都利马位于该国中部沿海，俯瞰太平洋。
2. B 细节理解题。根据 why over 90% of Peruvians speak Spanish 可知，超过90%的秘鲁人说西班牙语。
3. D 词义猜测题。分析“Though it seldom rains in summer, it sometimes drizzles on early winter mornings. The drizzle and the wet air ‘water’ the ground...”可知，虽然这里夏天很少下雨，但在初冬的早晨有时会下毛毛雨。毛毛雨与湿润的空气会浇灌地面，此处 drizzle 的意思是“小雨，毛毛雨”。
4. B 细节理解题。根据“There are many museums, where you can learn: how the ancient American Indians founded the Inca Empire”可知，利马有很多博物馆，你可以在那里了解到古代美洲印第安人是如何建立印加帝国的。

【分析】
这是一篇介绍秘鲁首都利马的说明文阅读理解，解题时可按照以下思路推进：1. 先快速通读全文，梳理文章从地理位置、历史文化、风土人情、气候特征几个维度介绍利马的行文逻辑；2. 针对每一道题干，划出关键词返回原文精准定位对应内容，逐一比对选项和原文表述，排除明显错误的干扰项；3. 遇到词义猜测题时，结合前后句的语义关联，依托上下文给出的线索推导生词含义，不需要额外拓展超纲知识。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第一段“Lima, the capital of Peru, is located in the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean”，A选项“在南非”表述完全错误，B选项“秘鲁东部沿海”和原文“中部沿海”不符，C选项“西班牙北部”无依据，只有D选项“毗邻太平洋”符合原文描述，因此选D。
2. 第2题：定位原文第二段“why over 90% of Peruvians speak Spanish”，可知超过九成的秘鲁人说西班牙语，对应选项B，因此选B。
3. 第3题：划线词drizzle所在句前文提到“Though it seldom rains in summer（夏季几乎不下雨）”，后文提到该事物和湿润空气一起浇灌地面，可推知它属于降雨的一种，含义是小雨、毛毛雨，对应选项D，因此选D。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项：A选项“水资源丰富”和原文需要从安第斯山脉运水、居民从不浪费水的表述矛盾；C选项“是南美最大城市”和原文第一段“one of the largest cities（最大城市之一）”不符；D选项“建筑风格相同”和原文第三段“You can see buildings in different styles”矛盾；B选项“人们可以了解印加文化”和原文第二段介绍博物馆可了解印加帝国建立过程的表述一致，因此选B。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. D 4. B
【知识点】
细节信息查找，生词词义推断，域外文化常识
【点评】
本篇阅读属于人文介绍类基础题型，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接定位原文语句得到答案，仅一道词义猜测题依托上下文简单推导即可，整体命题侧重考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，适合用来巩固基础阅读解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.8