五、阅读理解(2025·河南)
Sunshine does make people happier. Imagine how cheerful you are when it clears up after long cold rainy days. Let's discover science behind sunlight.
Sunlight causes you to produce a chemical called serotonin(血清素). When you are exposed to sunlight, your body will make more serotonin. Higher levels of serotonin will keep you in good spirits. At night, when there is little or no light, your body produces another chemical—melatonin(褪黑素). It helps your body relax and will make you feel tired, which can prepare you for a good night's sleep. You should keep a good balance between these two chemicals.
However, for many people, it is hard to balance sunlight with darkness. People who stay indoors a lot may not get enough sunlight. The light in a house is usually about 100 times less than that outside on a sunny day. That's why it is believed that those people should get outside in the sunshine. They can get some exercise, enjoy the fresh air and be happy, all at the same time.
There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter. People in those places are easier to get seasonal affective disorder (SAD). People with SAD usually go through bad experiences such as low energy and sadness. The most common treatment for those people is to sit under bright artificial(人工的) lights for some time.
The roles that sunshine plays in people's life are more than those above. For example, your body produces Vitamin D from sunlight, which is important for being healthy. In fact, there is more science about sunlight for you to discover. So next time, when you notice the sunshine on your shoulder, take a moment to think, "Why do we love sunshine?"
()1. Which of the following can take the place of "are exposed to" in the text?
A. stay in B. care about C. dream of D. depend on
()2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. What can help people to keep in good spirits.
B. How light influences people through chemicals.
C. Why melatonin can help people relax for a sleep.
D. Which chemical is thought to be more important.
()3. Which of the following is an opinion(观点) according to the text?
A. There are places where it gets dark for a long time in the winter.
B. People who stay indoors a lot should get outside in the sunshine.
C. The light in a house is usually less than that outside on a sunny day.
D. People's bodies produce something called Vitamin D from sunlight.
()4. Jack is a person with SAD. How could he solve his problem according to the text?
A. By staying indoors a lot. B. By taking in more fresh air.
C. By doing some exercise. D. By using man-made lights.
()5. Why is the sentence "Why do we love sunshine?" written in the last paragraph?
A. To encourage readers to learn more about sunlight.
B. To advise readers to stay in houses for enough time.
C. To expect readers to realize the importance of Vitamin D.
D. To invite readers to walk into nature to enjoy the fresh air.

1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A

【分析】
本题为英语科普类阅读理解，共5道小题，分别考查词义猜测、段落主旨、观点判断、细节理解及作者意图。解题思路：1. 词义猜测题需结合语境理解短语含义，匹配同义选项；2. 段落大意题需梳理段落核心内容，排除片面选项；3. 观点判断题要区分客观事实与主观建议，选出观点类表述；4. 细节理解题需定位原文对应信息，匹配选项；5. 作者意图题需结合段落前文逻辑，推断句子目的。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：“are exposed to”意为“暴露于，接触”，结合语境“当你接触阳光时，身体会产生更多血清素”，选项A“stay in（处于，接触）”符合；B“care about（关心）”、C“dream of（梦想）”、D“depend on（依靠）”均不符，故选A。
2. 段落大意题：第二段核心内容为阳光促使身体产生血清素（提升情绪），夜晚产生褪黑素（助眠），即光通过化学物质影响人体状态，对应选项B；A仅提及保持好心情，片面；C仅讲褪黑素，片面；D未比较两种化学物质重要性，排除，故选B。
3. 观点判断题：客观事实是陈述的客观情况，主观观点是作者的建议或看法。选项A（多地冬季长时间黑暗）、C（室内光线比晴天弱）、D（身体从阳光产维生素D）均为客观事实；选项B（常待室内的人应多晒太阳）是作者的主观建议，属于观点，故选B。
4. 细节理解题：根据第四段“SAD患者最常见的治疗方法是坐在明亮的人工灯下一段时间”，“artificial lights”对应选项D“man-made lights”；A与原文建议相反，B、C是晒太阳的附带好处，非SAD的解决方法，故选D。
5. 作者意图题：最后一段前文提到“关于阳光还有更多科学等待发现”，最后一句“Why do we love sunshine?”是引导读者进一步了解阳光的科学知识，对应选项A；B与文意相反，C仅涉及维生素D，片面；D侧重自然新鲜空气，不符，故选A。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解；词义猜测；主旨大意
【点评】本文围绕阳光对人体的影响展开科普，考查初中英语阅读核心能力，题目设置贴合课标要求，区分度适中。
【难度系数】0.6