Ⅰ.选词填空
floodwater heartbeat earthquake safeguard snowstorm
rainstorm manpower landslide wildfire heatwave
1. The sudden made everyone rush out of the building quickly.
2. Heavy rain caused a that blocked the mountain road.
3. We need to plant more trees along the river to the village from floods.
4. After the dam broke, covered the fields and washed away the crops.
5. The local community provided extra to clean up the rubbish after the festival.
6. A sudden poured down this afternoon, so we had to stay in the classroom until it stopped.
7. The nurse checked the patient's and found it was steady and normal.
8. The made the temperature reach 40℃, so it's unwise to exercise outdoors.
9. When the hit last night, the whole town was covered in thick white snow.
10. The dry air led to a that spread across the forest.

1. earthquake 2. landslide 3. safeguard 4. floodwater 5. manpower
6. rainstorm 7. heartbeat 8. heatwave 9. snowstorm 10. wildfire

【分析】
首先第一步先梳理所有备选词汇的含义与词性：给出的10个词分别对应不同的灾害、事物或动作，其中大部分是名词，仅safeguard可作动词。接下来逐句分析每个句子的语境，先判断空格处需要的词性，再结合句子描述的场景匹配对应语义，同时要注意所有词汇只能使用一次，完成初选后再通读所有句子验证逻辑通顺度，排除错配的情况即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 句意为“突如其来的地震让所有人快速冲出大楼”，突发地震会触发人员紧急疏散逃离建筑，earthquake符合语境，故填earthquake。
2. 句意为“大雨引发了山体滑坡，阻断了山路”，大雨冲刷山体容易引发滑坡堵塞道路，landslide语义匹配，故填landslide。
3. 句意为“我们需要沿河种更多树来保护村庄免受洪水侵袭”，固定搭配safeguard...from...表示“保护……免受……伤害”，此处不定式后接动词原形，safeguard符合语法和语义，故填safeguard。
4. 句意为“大坝决堤后，洪水淹没了田地，冲走了庄稼”，大坝溃决后涌出的是洪水，floodwater符合场景，故填floodwater。
5. 句意为“当地社区投入了额外的人力在节后清理垃圾”，清理垃圾需要投入劳动力，manpower意为人力，符合语境，故填manpower。
6. 句意为“今天下午一场突如其来的暴雨倾盆而下，我们不得不待在教室里直到雨停”，rainstorm指暴雨，符合倾盆大雨的描述，故填rainstorm。
7. 句意为“护士检查了病人的心跳，发现它平稳正常”，心跳是医护人员常规检查的体征之一，heartbeat语义匹配，故填heartbeat。
8. 句意为“热浪让气温达到了40摄氏度，所以户外运动是不明智的”，heatwave指持续高温的热浪，符合气温达40℃的场景，故填heatwave。
9. 句意为“昨晚暴风雪来袭时，整个小镇都被厚厚的白雪覆盖”，snowstorm指暴风雪，对应下大雪覆盖全境的描述，故填snowstorm。
10. 句意为“干燥的空气引发了蔓延整片森林的野火”，干燥环境容易引发森林野火，wildfire符合语境，故填wildfire。
【答案】
1. earthquake 2. landslide 3. safeguard 4. floodwater 5. manpower
6. rainstorm 7. heartbeat 8. heatwave 9. snowstorm 10. wildfire
【知识点】
词义辨析，语境选词，固定搭配
【点评】
本题围绕自然灾害相关主题设置选词填空，既考察学生对主题类词汇的识记能力，也要求学生结合生活常识判断场景匹配词汇，难度适中，解题时注意先明确所有备选词的含义，再逐一对应，避免重复使用词汇，最后通读验证即可保证正确率。
【难度系数】
0.7

Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
Last month, a sudden rainstorm hit our small town in the early morning. At that time, most people 11. (sleep) soundly in their beds, and no one expected the disaster to come so fast. When the strong wind started to blow, 12-year-old Lily
12. (do) her morning reading in the living room. Her parents 13. (prepare) breakfast in the kitchen.
Suddenly, the windows began to shake and the rain 14. (beat) heavily against the glass. A loud noise came from outside, and then the power went off. Lily's father quickly took her and her mother to the basement. "Stay here and don't move!" he shouted before he ran out to check if their neighbours 15. (need) help.
When the rainstorm 16. (stop) two hours later, many houses were broken and several roads were covered with fallen trees and stones. Some people were trapped(被困) in their homes. Just then, the local rescue team arrived and the rescuers 17. (carry) medical supplies and tools. While they 18. (search) for trapped people, volunteers 19. (bring) hot food and water to those in need.
Lily's family was lucky—their house was only slightly damaged. Lily said, "While I 20. (wait) in the basement, I was really scared. But when I saw the rescuers and volunteers, I felt safe. I learned that we should help each other when 21. (face) natural disasters."
By the afternoon, all trapped people were saved. The town slowly 22. (start) to recover. Everyone knew that it was teamwork that helped them get through the difficult time. When people 23. (clean) up the streets, a reporter asked a rescuer, "What were you doing when the rainstorm 24. (come)?" He smiled, "We 25. (drive) to another town for training, but we turned around at once to come here."

11. were sleeping 12. was doing 13. were preparing 14. beat 15. needed
16. stopped 17. carried 18. were searching 19. brought 20. was waiting
21. facing 22. started 23. were cleaning 24. came 25. were driving

【分析】
拿到这道题首先通读整篇短文，明确故事的大时间背景是"Last month"，所有事件都发生在过去，解题时可以按三步思考：
1. 先定位每个空对应的时间提示：如果动作是描述过去某一特定时刻/时间段内正在发生的延续性动作，就要使用过去进行时（结构为was/were+动词现在分词），再根据主语的单复数确定be动词的形式；
2. 如果动作是过去发生的、已经结束的短暂瞬间动作，直接使用动词的一般过去式即可，注意并列句主从句的时态要保持一致；
3. 遇到无主语的状语结构，判断逻辑主语和提示词的主被动关系，如果是主动关系，就用现在分词作伴随状语。
结合以上规则逐空匹配语境，就能得出正确答案。
【解析】
11. 句意为：那时大多数人正在床上熟睡。时间提示At that time指代暴雨突袭的凌晨时刻，动作是当时正在进行的延续性动作，主语most people是复数，be动词用were，sleep变为sleeping，填were sleeping。
12. 句意为：当强风开始刮起来的时候，12岁的Lily正在客厅晨读。动作是过去某个时刻正在进行的，主语Lily是第三人称单数，be动词用was，do变为doing，填was doing。
13. 句意为：她的父母正在厨房准备早餐。动作是过去当时正在进行的，主语Her parents是复数，be动词用were，prepare变为preparing，填were preparing。
14. 句意为：突然窗户开始摇晃，雨猛烈地砸在玻璃上。and连接并列的过去瞬间动作，和前面的began时态保持一致，beat的一般过去式是beat，填beat。
15. 句意为：他大喊完就跑出去查看邻居是否需要帮助。主句是一般过去时，从句时态保持一致，need的一般过去式是needed，填needed。
16. 句意为：两小时后暴雨停了，很多房屋都受损了。stop是过去发生的瞬间结束的动作，用一般过去式stopped，填stopped。
17. 句意为：就在这时当地救援队到了，救援人员携带着医疗物资和工具。and连接并列的过去动作，和前面的arrived时态一致，carry的一般过去式是carried，填carried。
18. 句意为：当他们正在搜寻被困人员的时候，志愿者们给有需要的人送来热饭和水。while引导的时间状语从句常用进行时，动作是过去当时正在进行的，主语they是复数，be动词用were，search变为searching，填were searching。
19. 描述过去发生的动作，和从句的过去进行时对应，主句用一般过去时，bring的过去式是brought，填brought。
20. 句意为：我在地下室等着的时候，真的很害怕。while引导时间状语从句，动作是过去正在进行的，主语I对应的be动词用was，wait变为waiting，填was waiting。
21. 句意为：我明白了我们在面对自然灾害的时候要互相帮助。这里是when we are facing的省略结构，逻辑主语we和face是主动关系，用现在分词facing，填facing。
22. 句意为：小镇慢慢开始恢复。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去式，start的过去式是started，填started。
23. 句意为：当人们正在清扫街道的时候，一个记者采访了一名救援人员。动作是过去某个时刻正在进行的，主语people是复数，be动词用were，clean变为cleaning，填were cleaning。
24. 句意为：暴雨来的时候你正在做什么？the rainstorm came是过去发生的短暂动作，用一般过去式，come的过去式是came，填came。
25. 句意为：我们当时正开车去另一个镇子参加训练，我们立刻掉头来了这里。动作是过去当时正在进行的，主语We是复数，be动词用were，drive变为driving，填were driving。
【答案】
11. were sleeping 12. was doing 13. were preparing 14. beat 15. needed
16. stopped 17. carried 18. were searching 19. brought 20. was waiting
21. facing 22. started 23. were cleaning 24. came 25. were driving
【知识点】
过去进行时
一般过去时
非谓语动词
【点评】
本题是语境类动词变形填空题，以突发暴雨灾害的叙事为载体，重点考察学生对一般过去时和过去进行时的区分运用能力，同时涉及状语从句省略结构的非谓语用法，需要学生结合上下文的时间逻辑判断动作的属性，避免混淆延续性动作和瞬间动作对应的时态，整体贴合初中英语时态考察的常见命题方向。
【难度系数】
0.6