十、地球是我们共同的家园,通过这次太空馆之行,大明对地球有了更多的了解。请阅读短文,判断下列句子的正误,正确的写“T”,错误的写“F”。
We live on Earth. It's our home. But how much do you know about it? Let me tell you something about our Earth.
There are eight planets in the solar system. Earth is one of them. Like the other seven planets, Earth travels around the Sun. It takes Earth about 365 days to travel around the Sun.
At the same time, Earth spins. Do you know what Earth's surface is like? If you are in space, you can see lots of clouds above the surface. Through the clouds, you can see the blue oceans and the green and brown land. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water.
Why do we have day and night? When half of Earth is facing the Sun, it's daytime. As Earth turns, this half is away from the Sun, and night is coming. And it's daytime for the other half.
()1. There are seven planets in the solar system.
()2. It takes Earth about 365 days to go around the Sun.
()3. Earth never spins.
()4. Most of Earth's surface is covered with water.
()5. When half of Earth is facing the Sun, it's daytime for that half.

1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T

【分析】
解答这类判断正误题，需先通读短文理解大意，再逐题定位原文对应信息，将题目表述与原文内容逐一比对，一致则标注“T”，不一致则标注“F”。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第二段第一句“There are eight planets in the solar system.”，题目表述“太阳系有7颗行星”与原文不符，故为F；
2. 定位原文第二段“It takes Earth about 365 days to travel around the Sun.”，与题目表述一致，故为T；
3. 定位原文第三段第一句“At the same time, Earth spins.”，“spins”意为旋转，题目表述“地球从不旋转”与原文不符，故为F；
4. 定位原文第三段最后一句“About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water.”，71%占比超过一半，即大部分被水覆盖，与题目表述一致，故为T；
5. 定位原文第四段“When half of Earth is facing the Sun, it's daytime.”，与题目表述一致，故为T。
【答案】
1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T
【知识点】
英语阅读理解判断正误、地球科学常识
【点评】
本题为结合短文的判断正误题，考查学生的信息定位与对比能力，题目表述均能在原文中找到对应依据，难度较低，认真阅读短文即可正确解答。
【难度系数】
0.3

十一、提升题▶大明在整理太空馆研学笔记。请阅读短文，完成下列任务。
It was a sunny day. I went to the space museum with my classmates. We learned a lot about space. Taikonauts can't walk on the space station. They "fly". Water becomes magical(神奇的) in space. Taikonauts drink water by "eating" water balls. A ping-pong ball doesn't float(漂浮) on the water surface
like it does on Earth. Instead(相反), it stays inside the water. Why is that? This is different from what we see on Earth because buoyancy(浮力) is created by gravity(重力). In the weightless(失重的) environment of space, buoyancy doesn't work. That's why the ping-pong ball can't float up like it does on Earth.
任务一:请选择正确的答案。
()1. What was the weather like when Daming visited the space museum?
A. It was rainy. B. It was sunny. C. It was cloudy.
()2. What creates buoyancy?
A. Water. B. Air. C. Gravity.
()3. What is buoyancy like in space?
A. It's very strong. B. It doesn't work. C. It's the same as on Earth.
任务二:请回答下列问题。
1. Can taikonauts walk on the space station? How do they move?

2. How do taikonauts drink water in space?

3. What happens to a ping-pong ball in water in space?

任务一：
1. B
2. C
3. B
任务二：
1. No, they can't walk. They "fly".
2. They drink water by "eating" water balls.
3. It doesn't float on the water surface. Instead, it stays inside the water.

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，解题思路是先通读短文把握大意，针对任务一的选择题，带着每个小题的问题定位原文对应句子，选出匹配的正确选项；针对任务二的简答题，同样定位原文相关描述，整理成与原文一致的准确回答即可，无需额外发挥。
【解析】
任务一：1. 定位原文第一句“It was a sunny day.”，可知天气是晴朗的，对应选项B；2. 定位原文“buoyancy(浮力) is created by gravity(重力).”，可知浮力由重力产生，对应选项C；3. 定位原文“In the weightless(失重的) environment of space, buoyancy doesn't work.”，可知太空里浮力不起作用，对应选项B。
任务二：1. 定位原文“Taikonauts can't walk on the space station. They "fly".”，整理回答；2. 定位原文“Taikonauts drink water by "eating" water balls.”，直接提取；3. 定位原文“A ping-pong ball doesn't float on the water surface like it does on Earth. Instead, it stays inside the water.”，整理回答。
【答案】
任务一：1.B 2.C 3.B；任务二：1. No, they can't walk. They "fly". 2. They drink water by "eating" water balls. 3. It doesn't float on the water surface. Instead, it stays inside the water.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解
【点评】
本题围绕太空研学的英语短文展开，主要考查学生对原文细节信息的查找与提取能力，题目设置直接，只要认真阅读短文就能轻松完成，适合巩固基础阅读技巧。
【难度系数】
0.8