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五、阅读理解。(2024·江苏扬州)新情境
China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the Moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue. China plans to land its astronauts on the Moon around 2030. Check the table to learn the details on China's exciting journey to the Moon.
Meaning of the name: Dream boat
The name carries the Chinese people's space exploration dreams to the Moon.
Main tasks:
• Carry out China's manned lunar exploration
• Operate the near-Earth space station
Payload:
For lunar tasks, it can carry 3 astronauts round trip between the ground and lunar orbit (轨道). For near-Earth orbit tasks, it can carry 7 astronauts round trip between the ground and space station. | Lanyue—The lunar lander
Meaning of the name: Clasping the Moon
The name symbolizes the bravery and confidence of the Chinese people in exploring the universe and landing on the Moon.
Main tasks:
• Transport between lunar orbit and lunar surface
• Serve as the centre for astronauts' activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the Moon
• Support lunar exploration and activities
Payload:
It can carry 2 astronauts round trip, lunar rover, and scientific payloads. |
| Exploration Steps
➤ Two Long March-10 rockets are launched (发射). One carries Mengzhou and the other carries Lanyue.
➤ The two spacecraft meet and join in lunar orbit and the astronauts enter the lander.
➤ The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface.
➤ The astronauts carry out scientific exploration and sample (样本) collection on the lunar surface as planned.
➤ After completing the job on the Moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit.
➤ The two spacecraft meet and join again, and the astronauts take the lunar samples to the Mengzhou spacecraft.
➤ The Mengzhou spacecraft returns to the Earth with the Moon samples. |
(
A. Operate the near-Earth space station.
B. Support Earth exploration and activities.
C. Transport between the ground and space station.
D. Work as the centre for energy supply on the Moon.
(
A. The same rocket sends Mengzhou and Lanyue into space.
B. Astronauts reach and leave the Moon in the Lanyue lander.
C. Mengzhou and Lanyue join together at the space station.
D. The Lanyue lander returns to the Earth with the samples on the Moon.
(
A. To encourage the youth to make inventions for China's Moon programme.
B. To tell the readers about the history of China's lunar exploration journey.
C. To offer suggestions on how to take up challenges in the lunar exploration task.
D. To give information on the new spacecraft for China's manned lunar exploration task.
China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the Moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue. China plans to land its astronauts on the Moon around 2030. Check the table to learn the details on China's exciting journey to the Moon.
Meaning of the name: Dream boat
The name carries the Chinese people's space exploration dreams to the Moon.
Main tasks:
• Carry out China's manned lunar exploration
• Operate the near-Earth space station
Payload:
For lunar tasks, it can carry 3 astronauts round trip between the ground and lunar orbit (轨道). For near-Earth orbit tasks, it can carry 7 astronauts round trip between the ground and space station. | Lanyue—The lunar lander
Meaning of the name: Clasping the Moon
The name symbolizes the bravery and confidence of the Chinese people in exploring the universe and landing on the Moon.
Main tasks:
• Transport between lunar orbit and lunar surface
• Serve as the centre for astronauts' activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the Moon
• Support lunar exploration and activities
Payload:
It can carry 2 astronauts round trip, lunar rover, and scientific payloads. |
| Exploration Steps
➤ Two Long March-10 rockets are launched (发射). One carries Mengzhou and the other carries Lanyue.
➤ The two spacecraft meet and join in lunar orbit and the astronauts enter the lander.
➤ The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface.
➤ The astronauts carry out scientific exploration and sample (样本) collection on the lunar surface as planned.
➤ After completing the job on the Moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit.
➤ The two spacecraft meet and join again, and the astronauts take the lunar samples to the Mengzhou spacecraft.
➤ The Mengzhou spacecraft returns to the Earth with the Moon samples. |
(
D
)1. Which of the following is Lanyue's task?A. Operate the near-Earth space station.
B. Support Earth exploration and activities.
C. Transport between the ground and space station.
D. Work as the centre for energy supply on the Moon.
(
B
)2. What can we learn from the exploration steps?A. The same rocket sends Mengzhou and Lanyue into space.
B. Astronauts reach and leave the Moon in the Lanyue lander.
C. Mengzhou and Lanyue join together at the space station.
D. The Lanyue lander returns to the Earth with the samples on the Moon.
(
D
)3. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To encourage the youth to make inventions for China's Moon programme.
B. To tell the readers about the history of China's lunar exploration journey.
C. To offer suggestions on how to take up challenges in the lunar exploration task.
D. To give information on the new spacecraft for China's manned lunar exploration task.
答案
1. D 【点拨】根据“Main tasks：... Serve as the centre for astronauts' activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the Moon”可知，作为月球上的能源供应中心是“揽月”的任务。故选D。
2. B 【点拨】根据“The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface.”及“After completing the job on the Moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit.”可知，航天员乘坐“揽月”着陆器到达和离开月球。故选B。
3. D 【点拨】根据“China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the Moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue... Check the table to learn the details on China's exciting journey to the Moon.”及全文描述可知，本文主要介绍了即将将航天员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。因此其目的是提供一些关于执行中国探月任务的新载人宇宙飞船的信息。故选D。
2. B 【点拨】根据“The Lanyue lander sends the astronauts to the lunar surface.”及“After completing the job on the Moon, the Lanyue lander takes the astronauts to go up to lunar orbit.”可知，航天员乘坐“揽月”着陆器到达和离开月球。故选B。
3. D 【点拨】根据“China has named the spacecraft that will put its astronauts on the Moon. The new manned spacecraft is Mengzhou and the lunar lander is Lanyue... Check the table to learn the details on China's exciting journey to the Moon.”及全文描述可知，本文主要介绍了即将将航天员送上月球的宇宙飞船“梦舟”和“揽月”的一些信息。因此其目的是提供一些关于执行中国探月任务的新载人宇宙飞船的信息。故选D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题思路很清晰：首先先明确三道题的考查方向，第1题是细节查找题，问揽月的任务，直接定位到文中Lanyue对应的主任务板块，把每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合的错误选项；第2题同样是细节理解题，定位到Exploration Steps的探月流程部分，逐个核对选项描述和原文步骤是否一致，排除和原文矛盾的选项；第3题是主旨目的题，结合文章开头的总起句和全文所有内容，判断作者的写作意图，排除文中完全没有提及的无关选项，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到Lanyue的Main tasks板块，原文明确写了“Serve as the centre for astronauts' activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the Moon”。逐一核对选项：A选项运营近地空间站是Mengzhou的任务，不符合；B选项支持地球探索和原文“Support lunar exploration and activities”描述不符；C选项地面和空间站之间的运输是Mengzhou近地轨道任务的内容，不符合；D选项作为月球上的能源供应中心完全匹配原文描述，因此选D。
2. 第2题：定位到Exploration Steps板块逐一核对选项：A选项原文说明是两枚长征十号火箭分别搭载两个航天器，并非同一枚火箭发射，错误；B选项原文提到“揽月着陆器将航天员送到月球表面，完成任务后又将航天员送回月球轨道”，说明航天员乘坐揽月到达和离开月球，符合原文内容；C选项两个航天器是在月球轨道对接，并非空间站，错误；D选项最终带着月球样本返回地球的是Mengzhou，不是揽月，错误。因此选B。
3. 第3题：文章开篇就点明中国公布了将航天员送上月球的新航天器名称，全文分别介绍了Mengzhou、Lanyue的命名含义、主要任务、载荷参数以及完整的探月流程，核心目的就是向读者介绍中国载人探月任务的新航天器的相关信息。A选项鼓励青少年发明、B选项介绍探月历史、C选项给出探月挑战的相关建议，都是原文完全没有提及的内容，因此选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨大意，科普文本阅读
【点评】
本题结合我国最新的载人探月工程热点情境出题，既考查学生快速定位文本信息、比对选项的基础阅读能力，也能让学生了解我国航天事业的最新进展，题目设置梯度合理，绝大多数选项的正误都能在原文找到明确依据，只要学生认真对照原文排查就能选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇科普类阅读理解题，解题思路很清晰：首先先明确三道题的考查方向，第1题是细节查找题，问揽月的任务，直接定位到文中Lanyue对应的主任务板块，把每个选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合的错误选项；第2题同样是细节理解题，定位到Exploration Steps的探月流程部分，逐个核对选项描述和原文步骤是否一致，排除和原文矛盾的选项；第3题是主旨目的题，结合文章开头的总起句和全文所有内容，判断作者的写作意图，排除文中完全没有提及的无关选项，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位到Lanyue的Main tasks板块，原文明确写了“Serve as the centre for astronauts' activities, energy supply, and data transmission on the Moon”。逐一核对选项：A选项运营近地空间站是Mengzhou的任务，不符合；B选项支持地球探索和原文“Support lunar exploration and activities”描述不符；C选项地面和空间站之间的运输是Mengzhou近地轨道任务的内容，不符合；D选项作为月球上的能源供应中心完全匹配原文描述，因此选D。
2. 第2题：定位到Exploration Steps板块逐一核对选项：A选项原文说明是两枚长征十号火箭分别搭载两个航天器，并非同一枚火箭发射，错误；B选项原文提到“揽月着陆器将航天员送到月球表面，完成任务后又将航天员送回月球轨道”，说明航天员乘坐揽月到达和离开月球，符合原文内容；C选项两个航天器是在月球轨道对接，并非空间站，错误；D选项最终带着月球样本返回地球的是Mengzhou，不是揽月，错误。因此选B。
3. 第3题：文章开篇就点明中国公布了将航天员送上月球的新航天器名称，全文分别介绍了Mengzhou、Lanyue的命名含义、主要任务、载荷参数以及完整的探月流程，核心目的就是向读者介绍中国载人探月任务的新航天器的相关信息。A选项鼓励青少年发明、B选项介绍探月历史、C选项给出探月挑战的相关建议，都是原文完全没有提及的内容，因此选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. D
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解主旨大意，科普文本阅读
【点评】
本题结合我国最新的载人探月工程热点情境出题，既考查学生快速定位文本信息、比对选项的基础阅读能力，也能让学生了解我国航天事业的最新进展，题目设置梯度合理，绝大多数选项的正误都能在原文找到明确依据，只要学生认真对照原文排查就能选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.8
