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五、任务型阅读。
Today，there are more than 1，400 kinds of dogs in the world. Many people like to have dogs as their pets. Dogs are friends of man because they are lovely and they are faithful(忠诚的) to their masters. Dogs can do a lot of work for man. They play with us. They hunt with us. They also keep doors for us. But long ago，dogs all over the world were wild.
All dogs have the same ancestor(祖先). People believe that a dog's ancestor may be a wolf. Other animals，such as the foxes，come from this ancestor too. Thousands of years ago，man began to feed and train wild dogs. The strong dogs became working animals. Working dogs had many kinds of jobs. They could help people pull heavy things. They learned to keep an eye on the sheep and other small animals. They could help people in the war(战争). Some dogs were not strong. But they could help man hunt for food. Other dogs were the best as pets.
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。(每题答案不超过6个词)
1. How many kinds of dogs are there in the world?
2. Why do people like dogs?
3. Whose ancestor may be a wolf according to the passage?
4. When did man begin to feed and train wild dogs? ______
5. What kind of dogs can be working dogs?
Today，there are more than 1，400 kinds of dogs in the world. Many people like to have dogs as their pets. Dogs are friends of man because they are lovely and they are faithful(忠诚的) to their masters. Dogs can do a lot of work for man. They play with us. They hunt with us. They also keep doors for us. But long ago，dogs all over the world were wild.
All dogs have the same ancestor(祖先). People believe that a dog's ancestor may be a wolf. Other animals，such as the foxes，come from this ancestor too. Thousands of years ago，man began to feed and train wild dogs. The strong dogs became working animals. Working dogs had many kinds of jobs. They could help people pull heavy things. They learned to keep an eye on the sheep and other small animals. They could help people in the war(战争). Some dogs were not strong. But they could help man hunt for food. Other dogs were the best as pets.
根据短文内容,回答下列问题。(每题答案不超过6个词)
1. How many kinds of dogs are there in the world?
2. Why do people like dogs?
3. Whose ancestor may be a wolf according to the passage?
4. When did man begin to feed and train wild dogs? ______
5. What kind of dogs can be working dogs?
答案
1. More than 1,400 kinds. 2. Because they are lovely and faithful. 3. Dogs'and foxes'. /A dog's and a fox's. 4. Thousands of years ago. 5. Strong dogs.
解析
【分析】
这是细节类任务型阅读，解题思路非常清晰：首先逐个划出每道题干的核心定位关键词，比如第1题划How many kinds of dogs、第2题划Why like dogs等，之后带着定位词回到原文逐段查找对应语句，提取核心信息后，严格按照题干要求“每题答案不超过6个词”进行精简，不要添加无关内容，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第一句"Today, there are more than 1,400 kinds of dogs in the world"，直接提取核心数量信息即可。
2. 定位第一段"Dogs are friends of man because they are lovely and they are faithful to their masters"，删去冗余表述，精简原因内容，控制词数符合要求。
3. 定位第二段内容，可知狗的祖先可能是狼，狐狸也源自同一个祖先，二者的祖先都可能是狼，精简所有格表述即可。
4. 定位第二段"Thousands of years ago, man began to feed and train wild dogs"，直接提取对应的时间信息即可。
5. 定位第二段"The strong dogs became working animals"，直接提取对应主体信息即可。
【答案】
1. More than 1,400 kinds.
2. Because they are lovely and faithful.
3. Dogs' and foxes'. /A dog's and a fox's.
4. Thousands of years ago.
5. Strong dogs.
【知识点】
细节信息提取，任务型阅读规范，短文内容理解
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的阅读题型，所有考点均为原文直接给出的明示细节，没有设置推理障碍，核心考察学生快速定位原文信息、按照指定字数要求规范作答的能力，作答时注意不要堆砌多余内容，严格控制答案词数，避免超出字数要求失分。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是细节类任务型阅读，解题思路非常清晰：首先逐个划出每道题干的核心定位关键词，比如第1题划How many kinds of dogs、第2题划Why like dogs等，之后带着定位词回到原文逐段查找对应语句，提取核心信息后，严格按照题干要求“每题答案不超过6个词”进行精简，不要添加无关内容，就能得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第一句"Today, there are more than 1,400 kinds of dogs in the world"，直接提取核心数量信息即可。
2. 定位第一段"Dogs are friends of man because they are lovely and they are faithful to their masters"，删去冗余表述，精简原因内容，控制词数符合要求。
3. 定位第二段内容，可知狗的祖先可能是狼，狐狸也源自同一个祖先，二者的祖先都可能是狼，精简所有格表述即可。
4. 定位第二段"Thousands of years ago, man began to feed and train wild dogs"，直接提取对应的时间信息即可。
5. 定位第二段"The strong dogs became working animals"，直接提取对应主体信息即可。
【答案】
1. More than 1,400 kinds.
2. Because they are lovely and faithful.
3. Dogs' and foxes'. /A dog's and a fox's.
4. Thousands of years ago.
5. Strong dogs.
【知识点】
细节信息提取，任务型阅读规范，短文内容理解
【点评】
本题属于基础难度的阅读题型，所有考点均为原文直接给出的明示细节，没有设置推理障碍，核心考察学生快速定位原文信息、按照指定字数要求规范作答的能力，作答时注意不要堆砌多余内容，严格控制答案词数，避免超出字数要求失分。
【难度系数】
0.8
六、书面表达。
如今,许多年轻人越来越钟情于饲养宠物。对此你是如何看待的呢?假如你是李华,请你根据以下提示,写一篇英语短文谈谈你的看法。
提示:1. Why do people like to keep pets? 2. What do you think of keeping pets?
要求:1. 参考提示内容,可适当发挥;2. 语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整;3. 词数:不少于70词(开头已给出,但不计入总词数)。
Recently，more and more young people like to keep pets.
如今,许多年轻人越来越钟情于饲养宠物。对此你是如何看待的呢?假如你是李华,请你根据以下提示,写一篇英语短文谈谈你的看法。
提示:1. Why do people like to keep pets? 2. What do you think of keeping pets?
要求:1. 参考提示内容,可适当发挥;2. 语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整;3. 词数:不少于70词(开头已给出,但不计入总词数)。
Recently，more and more young people like to keep pets.
Some of them regard their pets as one of their family members.
They say that pets can help them do some useful things and bring them joy and happiness. However, pets may also cause a lot of problems. For example, if there are more pets on the streets, it's easy for people to get some diseases from them. Some pets are dangerous to people. What's more, keeping pets may cost people lots of time and money.
I like pets. Pets are our good friends. But I think people should keep them clean and don't trouble others. What's more, we should spend more time with our family instead of the pets.
As long as we do like these, we can have a better life with our pets.
答案
One possible version:
Recently, more and more young people like to keep pets. Some of them regard their pets as one of their family members.
They say that pets can help them do some useful things and bring them joy and happiness. However, pets may also cause a lot of problems. For example, if there are more pets on the streets, it's easy for people to get some diseases from them. Some pets are dangerous to people. What's more, keeping pets may cost people lots of time and money.
I like pets. Pets are our good friends. But I think people should keep them clean and don't trouble others. What's more, we should spend more time with our family instead of the pets.
As long as we do like these, we can have a better life with our pets.
Recently, more and more young people like to keep pets. Some of them regard their pets as one of their family members.
They say that pets can help them do some useful things and bring them joy and happiness. However, pets may also cause a lot of problems. For example, if there are more pets on the streets, it's easy for people to get some diseases from them. Some pets are dangerous to people. What's more, keeping pets may cost people lots of time and money.
I like pets. Pets are our good friends. But I think people should keep them clean and don't trouble others. What's more, we should spend more time with our family instead of the pets.
As long as we do like these, we can have a better life with our pets.
解析
【分析】
首先拿到这道题先明确写作要求：这是一篇观点类英语短文，身份为李华，需要覆盖两个核心要点：一是说明年轻人喜爱养宠物的原因，二是阐述自己对养宠物的看法，词数要求不少于70词。解题思路可以按三步走：第一步，先对应第一个要点，梳理大众养宠的常见合理原因，比如年轻人把宠物当作家人，宠物能提供陪伴、带来欢乐，部分宠物还能帮主人做力所能及的小事；第二步，为了让内容更客观饱满，不要只写养宠的好处，补充说明养宠可能带来的现实问题，比如宠物可能传播疾病、部分宠物有攻击性，养宠会耗费不少时间和金钱；第三步，输出自己的看法，先表明对宠物的态度，再给出文明养宠的合理建议，最后收尾升华，写作过程中用上合适的过渡词衔接内容，保证语句通顺，逻辑连贯，满足词数要求。
【解析】
本篇书面表达可以按照总分总的逻辑搭建行文结构：
1. 开篇承接题干给出的开头句，先阐述年轻人养宠物的普遍原因：很多年轻人把宠物视作家庭成员，宠物能给主人提供陪伴，带来愉悦的情绪，还能帮主人做一些小事。
2. 中间段用转折词however过渡，辩证介绍养宠物的潜在弊端：比如未妥善管理的宠物容易传播疾病，部分宠物存在伤人的风险，同时饲养宠物会消耗主人大量的时间和金钱。
3. 结尾段输出个人观点：首先表明自己也喜爱宠物，认为宠物是人类的朋友，同时提出合理养宠的建议，比如保持宠物清洁、不要打扰他人，建议多分配时间陪伴家人，最后点明做到这些就可以和宠物愉快共处，拥有更好的生活。
写作过程中注意使用for example、what's more等过渡词衔接内容，避免语法错误，保证词数达标。
【答案】
One possible version:
Recently, more and more young people like to keep pets. Some of them regard their pets as one of their family members.
They say that pets can help them do some useful things and bring them joy and happiness. However, pets may also cause a lot of problems. For example, if there are more pets on the streets, it's easy for people to get some diseases from them. Some pets are dangerous to people. What's more, keeping pets may cost people lots of time and money.
I like pets. Pets are our good friends. But I think people should keep them clean and don't trouble others. What's more, we should spend more time with our family instead of the pets.
As long as we do like these, we can have a better life with our pets.
【知识点】
英语观点类写作，过渡词运用，写作要点整合
【点评】
本题属于贴近生活的热点话题类书面表达，难度适中，要求学生辩证看待养宠现象，既覆盖题干给出的两个核心提示要点，又可以自主补充合理细节丰富内容，行文做到正反观点结合后输出个人建议，很符合初中英语书面表达的评分标准，学生写作时注意不要遗漏要点，尽量使用多样的过渡词提升行文流畅度，就能拿到不错的分数。
【难度系数】
0.7
首先拿到这道题先明确写作要求：这是一篇观点类英语短文，身份为李华，需要覆盖两个核心要点：一是说明年轻人喜爱养宠物的原因，二是阐述自己对养宠物的看法，词数要求不少于70词。解题思路可以按三步走：第一步，先对应第一个要点，梳理大众养宠的常见合理原因，比如年轻人把宠物当作家人，宠物能提供陪伴、带来欢乐，部分宠物还能帮主人做力所能及的小事；第二步，为了让内容更客观饱满，不要只写养宠的好处，补充说明养宠可能带来的现实问题，比如宠物可能传播疾病、部分宠物有攻击性，养宠会耗费不少时间和金钱；第三步，输出自己的看法，先表明对宠物的态度，再给出文明养宠的合理建议，最后收尾升华，写作过程中用上合适的过渡词衔接内容，保证语句通顺，逻辑连贯，满足词数要求。
【解析】
本篇书面表达可以按照总分总的逻辑搭建行文结构：
1. 开篇承接题干给出的开头句，先阐述年轻人养宠物的普遍原因：很多年轻人把宠物视作家庭成员，宠物能给主人提供陪伴，带来愉悦的情绪，还能帮主人做一些小事。
2. 中间段用转折词however过渡，辩证介绍养宠物的潜在弊端：比如未妥善管理的宠物容易传播疾病，部分宠物存在伤人的风险，同时饲养宠物会消耗主人大量的时间和金钱。
3. 结尾段输出个人观点：首先表明自己也喜爱宠物，认为宠物是人类的朋友，同时提出合理养宠的建议，比如保持宠物清洁、不要打扰他人，建议多分配时间陪伴家人，最后点明做到这些就可以和宠物愉快共处，拥有更好的生活。
写作过程中注意使用for example、what's more等过渡词衔接内容，避免语法错误，保证词数达标。
【答案】
One possible version:
Recently, more and more young people like to keep pets. Some of them regard their pets as one of their family members.
They say that pets can help them do some useful things and bring them joy and happiness. However, pets may also cause a lot of problems. For example, if there are more pets on the streets, it's easy for people to get some diseases from them. Some pets are dangerous to people. What's more, keeping pets may cost people lots of time and money.
I like pets. Pets are our good friends. But I think people should keep them clean and don't trouble others. What's more, we should spend more time with our family instead of the pets.
As long as we do like these, we can have a better life with our pets.
【知识点】
英语观点类写作，过渡词运用，写作要点整合
【点评】
本题属于贴近生活的热点话题类书面表达，难度适中，要求学生辩证看待养宠现象，既覆盖题干给出的两个核心提示要点，又可以自主补充合理细节丰富内容，行文做到正反观点结合后输出个人建议，很符合初中英语书面表达的评分标准，学生写作时注意不要遗漏要点，尽量使用多样的过渡词提升行文流畅度，就能拿到不错的分数。
【难度系数】
0.7
