一、根据括号中的中文提示或句意,写出句中所缺单词,使句子通顺。
1. The Chinese usually use nin to
2. I have
3. The Chinese behave
4. My teacher
5. My mum was very
6. I invited him to my party, but he
1. The Chinese usually use nin to
address
(称呼)others in a formal situation.2. I have
realized
(意识到)that it's very important to behave politely in public.3. The Chinese behave
differently
(不同地)to the British in many ways.4. My teacher
praised
(表扬)me for helping people in need at the class meeting yesterday.5. My mum was very
pleased
(高兴)with what I did at school.6. I invited him to my party, but he
refused
(拒绝)politely.答案
1. address 2. realized 3. differently 4. praised 5. pleased 6. refused
解析
【分析】
这是一道根据中文提示补全句子的词汇应用题,解题可以按照三步思考:第一步先结合句意回忆对应中文提示的基础英文单词;第二步根据空格前后的搭配、句子的时态标志,判断单词需要的词性和正确变形,比如不定式符号to后接动词原形、现在完成时结构需要用过去分词、修饰动词要使用副词等;最后把确定好的单词代入句子,验证语法和语义是否通顺,避免出现词性错用、时态不符的常见错误。
【解析】
1. 空格前是不定式符号to,后面需要接动词原形,对应中文“称呼”,正式语境下表示称呼他人的动词是address,因此填address。
2. 空格前有助动词have,说明句子是现在完成时,结构为have+动词过去分词,“意识到”的基础词是realize,过去分词形式为realized,因此填realized。
3. 空格用来修饰前面的实义动词behave(表现),修饰动词必须使用副词,“不同地”对应的副词形式是differently,因此填differently。
4. 句中出现时间状语yesterday,说明动作发生在过去,句子用一般过去时,“表扬”的基础词是praise,过去式形式为praised,因此填praised。
5. 此处是固定搭配be pleased with,含义为“对……感到高兴/满意”,完全符合句子语境,因此填pleased。
6. 前半句的谓语动词invited是一般过去时,后半句的动作和前半句是并列关系,也要用一般过去时,“拒绝”的基础词是refuse,过去式形式为refused,因此填refused。
【答案】
1. address 2. realized 3. differently 4. praised 5. pleased 6. refused
【知识点】
动词时态变形;副词修饰动词;固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础词汇考查题型,既要求学生熟记核心单词的释义,也能检验学生对基础句法规则、常见固定搭配的掌握程度,引导学生避免只会背单词原形、不会结合语境灵活变形的问题。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一道根据中文提示补全句子的词汇应用题,解题可以按照三步思考:第一步先结合句意回忆对应中文提示的基础英文单词;第二步根据空格前后的搭配、句子的时态标志,判断单词需要的词性和正确变形,比如不定式符号to后接动词原形、现在完成时结构需要用过去分词、修饰动词要使用副词等;最后把确定好的单词代入句子,验证语法和语义是否通顺,避免出现词性错用、时态不符的常见错误。
【解析】
1. 空格前是不定式符号to,后面需要接动词原形,对应中文“称呼”,正式语境下表示称呼他人的动词是address,因此填address。
2. 空格前有助动词have,说明句子是现在完成时,结构为have+动词过去分词,“意识到”的基础词是realize,过去分词形式为realized,因此填realized。
3. 空格用来修饰前面的实义动词behave(表现),修饰动词必须使用副词,“不同地”对应的副词形式是differently,因此填differently。
4. 句中出现时间状语yesterday,说明动作发生在过去,句子用一般过去时,“表扬”的基础词是praise,过去式形式为praised,因此填praised。
5. 此处是固定搭配be pleased with,含义为“对……感到高兴/满意”,完全符合句子语境,因此填pleased。
6. 前半句的谓语动词invited是一般过去时,后半句的动作和前半句是并列关系,也要用一般过去时,“拒绝”的基础词是refuse,过去式形式为refused,因此填refused。
【答案】
1. address 2. realized 3. differently 4. praised 5. pleased 6. refused
【知识点】
动词时态变形;副词修饰动词;固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础词汇考查题型,既要求学生熟记核心单词的释义,也能检验学生对基础句法规则、常见固定搭配的掌握程度,引导学生避免只会背单词原形、不会结合语境灵活变形的问题。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、根据短文内容,用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空,使短文完整通顺。
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it's important 1 (know)the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it's OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn't 2 (noise)and lively, you may think there's something wrong with it. However, in many 3 (West)countries, restaurants are quiet places. If people at a table talk too loudly, other people who 4 (eat)there might even complain to the owner of the restaurant.
5 (pay)the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for everybody. In Western countries, people like to pay for 6 (they). So when friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This 7 (call)“going Dutch(均摊费用)”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip 8 (think)to be polite. In the US, it's common to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is decided by how good the 9 (serve)is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
The way people eat food is not the same in different parts of the world, but you can find the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and 10 (India)food, for example, are popular all over the world.
1.
6.
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it's important 1 (know)the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it's OK to make a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn't 2 (noise)and lively, you may think there's something wrong with it. However, in many 3 (West)countries, restaurants are quiet places. If people at a table talk too loudly, other people who 4 (eat)there might even complain to the owner of the restaurant.
5 (pay)the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for everybody. In Western countries, people like to pay for 6 (they). So when friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This 7 (call)“going Dutch(均摊费用)”. Also, when Westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the waiter. This is called “leaving a tip”. Leaving a tip 8 (think)to be polite. In the US, it's common to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is decided by how good the 9 (serve)is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
The way people eat food is not the same in different parts of the world, but you can find the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and 10 (India)food, for example, are popular all over the world.
1.
to know
2. noisy
3. Western
4. are eating
5. Paying
6.
themselves
7. is called
8. is thought
9. service
10. Indian
答案
1. to know 2. noisy 3. Western 4. are eating 5. Paying 6. themselves 7. is called 8. is thought 9. service 10. Indian
解析
【分析】
做这类词形变换填空题时,首先要先通读全文,明确短文主题是不同国家的餐饮礼仪差异,确定整体时态为一般现在时。之后逐空拆解句子结构:第一步先判断空格处需要的词性,再结合固定搭配、时态语态规则、语境逻辑推导正确变形:比如遇到it's+adj的结构优先联想不定式固定句型,系动词后优先考虑形容词作表语,名词前优先考虑形容词作定语,主语和动词是动宾关系时要使用被动语态,动词放在句首作主语要变为动名词形式,一步步对应规则就能得出答案。
【解析】
1. 符合固定句型It is + 形容词 + to do sth.,it作形式主语,真正主语为后面的不定式结构,因此填to know;
2. 空格前是系动词isn't,和后面的形容词lively并列作表语,需要将名词noise变为形容词形式noisy,意为“喧闹的”;
3. 空格后是名词countries,需要形容词作定语修饰,将专有名词West变为形容词Western,意为“西方的”,首字母大写;
4. 语境强调“正在餐厅就餐的人”,先行词other people是复数,用现在进行时are eating符合语境;
5. 句中缺少主语,动词作主语要变为动名词形式,因此将Pay变为动名词Paying,置于句首首字母大写;
6. 句意为“人们为自己付费”,主语people指代自身,需要使用反身代词themselves;
7. 主语this和动词call是被动关系,全文为一般现在时,使用一般现在时被动结构is called,意为“被叫做”;
8. 主语是动名词短语Leaving a tip,视作单数,和动词think是被动关系,使用一般现在时被动结构is thought,意为“被认为”;
9. 空格前有定冠词the,后接be动词is,需要填名词作主语,将动词serve变为名词service,意为“服务”;
10. 空格后是名词food,需要形容词作定语修饰,将名词India变为形容词Indian,意为“印度的”。
【答案】
1. to know 2. noisy 3. Western 4. are eating 5. Paying 6. themselves 7. is called 8. is thought 9. service 10. Indian
【知识点】
词性转换,被动语态,非谓语动词
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的短文词形变换题型,覆盖了初中阶段词形变形的核心考点,解题的核心逻辑是先分析句子成分判断所需词性,再结合时态语态、固定搭配、语境细节推导最终形式,易错点集中在被动语态、动名词作主语的变形上,平时要多积累常见的名词、动词、形容词之间的转换规则。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类词形变换填空题时,首先要先通读全文,明确短文主题是不同国家的餐饮礼仪差异,确定整体时态为一般现在时。之后逐空拆解句子结构:第一步先判断空格处需要的词性,再结合固定搭配、时态语态规则、语境逻辑推导正确变形:比如遇到it's+adj的结构优先联想不定式固定句型,系动词后优先考虑形容词作表语,名词前优先考虑形容词作定语,主语和动词是动宾关系时要使用被动语态,动词放在句首作主语要变为动名词形式,一步步对应规则就能得出答案。
【解析】
1. 符合固定句型It is + 形容词 + to do sth.,it作形式主语,真正主语为后面的不定式结构,因此填to know;
2. 空格前是系动词isn't,和后面的形容词lively并列作表语,需要将名词noise变为形容词形式noisy,意为“喧闹的”;
3. 空格后是名词countries,需要形容词作定语修饰,将专有名词West变为形容词Western,意为“西方的”,首字母大写;
4. 语境强调“正在餐厅就餐的人”,先行词other people是复数,用现在进行时are eating符合语境;
5. 句中缺少主语,动词作主语要变为动名词形式,因此将Pay变为动名词Paying,置于句首首字母大写;
6. 句意为“人们为自己付费”,主语people指代自身,需要使用反身代词themselves;
7. 主语this和动词call是被动关系,全文为一般现在时,使用一般现在时被动结构is called,意为“被叫做”;
8. 主语是动名词短语Leaving a tip,视作单数,和动词think是被动关系,使用一般现在时被动结构is thought,意为“被认为”;
9. 空格前有定冠词the,后接be动词is,需要填名词作主语,将动词serve变为名词service,意为“服务”;
10. 空格后是名词food,需要形容词作定语修饰,将名词India变为形容词Indian,意为“印度的”。
【答案】
1. to know 2. noisy 3. Western 4. are eating 5. Paying 6. themselves 7. is called 8. is thought 9. service 10. Indian
【知识点】
词性转换,被动语态,非谓语动词
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的短文词形变换题型,覆盖了初中阶段词形变形的核心考点,解题的核心逻辑是先分析句子成分判断所需词性,再结合时态语态、固定搭配、语境细节推导最终形式,易错点集中在被动语态、动名词作主语的变形上,平时要多积累常见的名词、动词、形容词之间的转换规则。
【难度系数】
0.6
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