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六、阅读理解。
Working for a big company in London on a salary (薪水) of over £100,000, you might expect Grayden Reece-Smith to have a luxurious (奢侈的) lifestyle, going on expensive holidays or driving a sports car around south London, where he lives. In fact, he leads a very different life from his colleagues. Every year, he gives away everything he earns over £42,000—a number that he thought he could comfortably live on.
Over the past years, Reece-Smith has handed over more than £250,000 to organizations such as International Care Ministries, which helps poor families in the Philippines, and the Against Malaria Foundation. He is part of a growing number of young people described as "effective altruists". Effective altruists donate money regularly to a charity which they think will have a great impact (影响). Some change careers to make more money, which can then be given away.
Reece-Smith considered working in the charity after graduating from university, but he thought that he could make a bigger difference by donating a large part of his salary. He had volunteered as a teacher at a school in Tanzania, but then realized that earning and giving would be more effective. "The cost of my flights there could have paid the salaries of two teachers for an entire year," he says. Instead, he could stay at home, living a nice life and still make a huge difference in the world.
He is not mean with money. He once went to Cuba on holiday, and spent several thousand pounds on a new sofa. But his lifestyle isn't as luxurious as some of the people he works with. "I usually don't buy supermarket-branded food products, but I don't own a car. Other people on my salary might have a bigger house. Some of my colleagues have four-bedroom houses, but we only bought what we needed—a two-bedroom flat. £42,000 is more than enough to live on and still save," he says.
1. How much money does Grayden spend on donations every year?
A. Over £42,000.
B. Over £100,000.
C. £250,000.
D. Any income over £42,000.
2. What may an "effective altruist" do according to the text?
A. Donate money to impactful charities.
B. Make more money to enjoy life.
C. Create a good public image.
D. Enter a teaching profession.
3. Why did Grayden decide to donate money but not work in the charity sector?
A. To access his inner life.
B. To create a stronger effect.
C. To give away all of his salary.
D. To be a teacher at a school.
4. What can be inferred about Grayden from the text?
A. He leads an expensive lifestyle.
B. He buys food produced by supermarkets.
C. He lives in a four-bedroom house.
D. He balances his life and donation.
Working for a big company in London on a salary (薪水) of over £100,000, you might expect Grayden Reece-Smith to have a luxurious (奢侈的) lifestyle, going on expensive holidays or driving a sports car around south London, where he lives. In fact, he leads a very different life from his colleagues. Every year, he gives away everything he earns over £42,000—a number that he thought he could comfortably live on.
Over the past years, Reece-Smith has handed over more than £250,000 to organizations such as International Care Ministries, which helps poor families in the Philippines, and the Against Malaria Foundation. He is part of a growing number of young people described as "effective altruists". Effective altruists donate money regularly to a charity which they think will have a great impact (影响). Some change careers to make more money, which can then be given away.
Reece-Smith considered working in the charity after graduating from university, but he thought that he could make a bigger difference by donating a large part of his salary. He had volunteered as a teacher at a school in Tanzania, but then realized that earning and giving would be more effective. "The cost of my flights there could have paid the salaries of two teachers for an entire year," he says. Instead, he could stay at home, living a nice life and still make a huge difference in the world.
He is not mean with money. He once went to Cuba on holiday, and spent several thousand pounds on a new sofa. But his lifestyle isn't as luxurious as some of the people he works with. "I usually don't buy supermarket-branded food products, but I don't own a car. Other people on my salary might have a bigger house. Some of my colleagues have four-bedroom houses, but we only bought what we needed—a two-bedroom flat. £42,000 is more than enough to live on and still save," he says.
1. How much money does Grayden spend on donations every year?
A. Over £42,000.
B. Over £100,000.
C. £250,000.
D. Any income over £42,000.
2. What may an "effective altruist" do according to the text?
A. Donate money to impactful charities.
B. Make more money to enjoy life.
C. Create a good public image.
D. Enter a teaching profession.
3. Why did Grayden decide to donate money but not work in the charity sector?
A. To access his inner life.
B. To create a stronger effect.
C. To give away all of his salary.
D. To be a teacher at a school.
4. What can be inferred about Grayden from the text?
A. He leads an expensive lifestyle.
B. He buys food produced by supermarkets.
C. He lives in a four-bedroom house.
D. He balances his life and donation.
答案
六、1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Every year, he gives away everything he earns over £42,000—a number that he thought he could comfortably live on.”可知，格雷登每年会将收入中超过4.2万英镑的部分全部用于捐赠。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is part of a growing number of young people described as ‘effective altruists’. Effective altruists donate money regularly to a charity which they think will have a great impact.”可知，有效利他主义者会定期向他们认为能产生重大影响的慈善机构捐款。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Reece-Smith considered working in the charity after graduating from university, but he thought that he could make a bigger difference by donating a large part of his salary.”可知，格雷登没有选择在慈善机构工作，而是决定捐赠大部分薪水，是因为他认为这样能产生更大的影响。
4. D 推理判断题。文中提到他将超过4.2万英镑的收入捐赠，再根据第三段中living a nice life、第四段中“He once went to Cuba on holiday, and spent several thousand pounds on a new sofa.”和£42,000 is more than enough to live on and still save可知，他在坚持捐赠的同时，也能维持舒适的个人生活并有所储蓄，实现了生活与捐赠的平衡。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is part of a growing number of young people described as ‘effective altruists’. Effective altruists donate money regularly to a charity which they think will have a great impact.”可知，有效利他主义者会定期向他们认为能产生重大影响的慈善机构捐款。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Reece-Smith considered working in the charity after graduating from university, but he thought that he could make a bigger difference by donating a large part of his salary.”可知，格雷登没有选择在慈善机构工作，而是决定捐赠大部分薪水，是因为他认为这样能产生更大的影响。
4. D 推理判断题。文中提到他将超过4.2万英镑的收入捐赠，再根据第三段中living a nice life、第四段中“He once went to Cuba on holiday, and spent several thousand pounds on a new sofa.”和£42,000 is more than enough to live on and still save可知，他在坚持捐赠的同时，也能维持舒适的个人生活并有所储蓄，实现了生活与捐赠的平衡。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇人物类英语阅读理解题，4道题目以细节理解题为主，仅最后一道为简单推理题。解题时首先先快速通读全文，梳理清楚核心人物Grayden的行为选择、文中“有效利他主义者”的定义两个核心信息，之后针对每道题的题干关键词，精准定位到原文对应的段落，将选项内容和原文表述逐一比对，排除和原文矛盾、张冠李戴的干扰选项，即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段最后一句“Every year, he gives away everything he earns over £42,000—a number that he thought he could comfortably live on”，可知他每年将超过42000英镑的所有收入用于捐赠：A选项描述错误，他自己留42000英镑用于生活，不是捐赠额超过42000英镑；B选项是他的总年薪水平，和捐赠额无关；C选项是他过去数年累计捐赠的总金额，不是每年的捐赠额，因此选D。
2. 定位原文第二段“Effective altruists donate money regularly to a charity which they think will have a great impact”，可知有效利他主义者会向有影响力的慈善机构捐款：B选项错误，文中提到部分人换工作赚更多钱是为了捐赠，不是为了享受生活；C选项原文完全没有提及树立公众形象的相关内容；D选项错误，Grayden做过志愿教师不代表所有有效利他主义者都会从事教师职业，因此选A。
3. 定位原文第三段“but he thought that he could make a bigger difference by donating a large part of his salary”，可知他选择捐赠薪水而非进入慈善行业，是因为这样能产生更大的影响：A选项原文没有提及探索内在生活的相关表述；C选项错误，他并没有捐出全部薪水，留下了42000英镑用于生活；D选项做志愿教师是他之前的经历，不是他选择捐赠的原因，因此选B。
4. 逐一比对选项：A选项和原文第一段“he leads a very different life from his colleagues”、第四段“his lifestyle isn't as luxurious as some of the people he works with”矛盾；B选项和原文第四段“I usually don't buy supermarket-branded food products”矛盾；C选项和原文第四段“we only bought what we needed—a two-bedroom flat”矛盾；D选项符合原文表述，他在保证自己舒适生活的同时坚持捐赠，实现了生活和捐赠的平衡，因此选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D
【知识点】
细节信息定位，文本逻辑推理，短文信息提取
【点评】
本题属于难度偏低的人物故事类阅读，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接定位原文原句得到答案，仅最后一道推理题也只需要简单比对原文细节即可排除错误选项。做题时要注意区分文中的累计数据和年度数据、不同人物的行为描述，避免出现张冠李戴的低级失误。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇人物类英语阅读理解题，4道题目以细节理解题为主，仅最后一道为简单推理题。解题时首先先快速通读全文，梳理清楚核心人物Grayden的行为选择、文中“有效利他主义者”的定义两个核心信息，之后针对每道题的题干关键词，精准定位到原文对应的段落，将选项内容和原文表述逐一比对，排除和原文矛盾、张冠李戴的干扰选项，即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段最后一句“Every year, he gives away everything he earns over £42,000—a number that he thought he could comfortably live on”，可知他每年将超过42000英镑的所有收入用于捐赠：A选项描述错误，他自己留42000英镑用于生活，不是捐赠额超过42000英镑；B选项是他的总年薪水平，和捐赠额无关；C选项是他过去数年累计捐赠的总金额，不是每年的捐赠额，因此选D。
2. 定位原文第二段“Effective altruists donate money regularly to a charity which they think will have a great impact”，可知有效利他主义者会向有影响力的慈善机构捐款：B选项错误，文中提到部分人换工作赚更多钱是为了捐赠，不是为了享受生活；C选项原文完全没有提及树立公众形象的相关内容；D选项错误，Grayden做过志愿教师不代表所有有效利他主义者都会从事教师职业，因此选A。
3. 定位原文第三段“but he thought that he could make a bigger difference by donating a large part of his salary”，可知他选择捐赠薪水而非进入慈善行业，是因为这样能产生更大的影响：A选项原文没有提及探索内在生活的相关表述；C选项错误，他并没有捐出全部薪水，留下了42000英镑用于生活；D选项做志愿教师是他之前的经历，不是他选择捐赠的原因，因此选B。
4. 逐一比对选项：A选项和原文第一段“he leads a very different life from his colleagues”、第四段“his lifestyle isn't as luxurious as some of the people he works with”矛盾；B选项和原文第四段“I usually don't buy supermarket-branded food products”矛盾；C选项和原文第四段“we only bought what we needed—a two-bedroom flat”矛盾；D选项符合原文表述，他在保证自己舒适生活的同时坚持捐赠，实现了生活和捐赠的平衡，因此选D。
【答案】
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D
【知识点】
细节信息定位，文本逻辑推理，短文信息提取
【点评】
本题属于难度偏低的人物故事类阅读，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接定位原文原句得到答案，仅最后一道推理题也只需要简单比对原文细节即可排除错误选项。做题时要注意区分文中的累计数据和年度数据、不同人物的行为描述，避免出现张冠李戴的低级失误。
【难度系数】
0.8
