三、按要求完成句子。
1. The famous photo is taken by a little boy.（改为否定句）
The famous photo by a little boy.
2. Movable type printing was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty.（对画线部分提问）
movable type printing ?
3. Bell invented the telephone in 1876.（改为同义句）
The telephone Bell in 1876.
4. The new inventions can make people's working time short.（改为同义句）
The new inventions can .
5. Potato chips were reportedly invented by George Crum.（对画线部分提问）
reportedly potato chips ?

1. isn't taken 2. When was; invented
3. was invented by
4. shorten people's working time
5. Who/Whom were; invented by

【分析】本题为英语被动语态相关的句型转换题，共5小题，分别考查被动句改否定句、对时间提问、主动转被动的同义句、make结构的同义替换、对被动句动作执行者提问。解题思路：1. 被动句改否定，在be动词后加not；2. 对时间提问用When，被动句疑问语序为be+主语+过去分词；3. 主动转被动，原宾语作主语，用be+过去分词+by引出动作执行者；4. make sth short可替换为动词shorten；5. 对人提问用Who/Whom，被动句疑问语序加by。
【解析】1. 原句是一般现在时被动语态（is taken），改否定句在be动词is后加not，缩写为isn't，故填isn't taken；2. 画线部分是时间，用When提问，原句为一般过去时被动语态，疑问语序为When was +主语+过去分词，故填When was; invented；3. 主动句Bell作主语，转换为被动句时，原宾语the telephone作主语，用一般过去时被动结构was+过去分词，by引出动作执行者，故填was invented by；4. make people's working time short的同义表达为动词shorten，故填shorten people's working time；5. 画线部分是动作执行者（人），用Who/Whom提问，原句为一般过去时被动语态，疑问语序为Who/Whom were +主语+过去分词+by，故填Who/Whom were; invented by。
【答案】1. isn't taken 2. When was; invented 3. was invented by 4. shorten people's working time 5. Who/Whom were; invented by
【知识点】被动语态、句型转换、同义句转换
【点评】本题考查初中英语被动语态的各类基础句型转换，涵盖否定句、特殊疑问句、同义句等考点，需掌握被动语态的结构及不同句式的转换规则，是英语学习的基础题型。
【难度系数】0.5

一、根据中文意思完成句子。
1. 李磊最喜欢的爱好是集邮。
Li Lei’s favorite hobby is .
2. 气球常被用来庆祝节日。
often to celebrate festivals.
3. 我不知道谁发明了台灯。
I don’t know .
4. 在最近几年，我们可以看出，科技大大地改变了人们的生活。
In recent years, we can see that science and technology our life a lot.
5. 你知道电视是什么时候被发明出来
的吗？
Do you know television ?

1. collecting stamps
2. Balloons are; used
3. who invented the lamp
4. have changed
5. when; was invented

【分析】
1. 第一题：“集邮”是固定短语collect stamps，此处作表语说明主语内容，需用动名词形式，故转换为collecting stamps。
2. 第二题：“气球”泛指用复数balloons，句子表被动（被用来），一般现在时被动结构为“are + 过去分词”，故填Balloons are; used。
3. 第三题：此处是宾语从句，连接词用who，“发明台灯”是过去动作，用invented，宾语从句用陈述语序，故填who invented the lamp。
4. 第四题：时间状语“In recent years”提示用现在完成时，主语是复数，结构为“have + 过去分词”，故填have changed。
5. 第五题：此处是问时间的宾语从句，用when引导；“电视被发明”是过去的被动动作，用一般过去时被动结构“was + 过去分词”，故填when; was invented。
【解析】
1. 动名词作表语：“集邮”对应collect stamps，作表语需用动名词形式，因此填collecting stamps。
2. 被动语态：主语balloons是动作承受者，一般现在时被动结构为“are + 过去分词”，故填Balloons are; used。
3. 宾语从句：疑问词who引导宾语从句，用陈述语序，“发明台灯”为过去式invented the lamp，故填who invented the lamp。
4. 现在完成时：时间标志“In recent years”要求用现在完成时，主语为复数，故填have changed。
5. 宾语从句与被动语态：疑问词when引导时间宾语从句，“电视被发明”是过去被动动作，故填when; was invented。
【答案】
1. collecting stamps
2. Balloons are; used
3. who invented the lamp
4. have changed
5. when; was invented
【知识点】
被动语态、宾语从句、动名词作表语
【点评】
本题是初中英语基础题型，考察核心语法点：动名词作表语、被动语态、宾语从句、现在完成时，需掌握各语法的基本结构，是英语学习的重点基础内容。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、补全对话。
根据下面的对话情景，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话意思连贯、完整。
A: Hello, Li Ming. What are you reading?
B: 1.
It says they have greatly changed our life.
A: Small inventions? 2.
B: They are USB fans, Post-it Notes and so on. They are small but solve daily problems.
A: That's true! 3.
It cools me down everywhere in summer.
B: Yes, and it is easy to carry. And do you think Post-it Notes are very helpful in our life?
A: Of course! 4.
For example, I stick reminders, and never miss my homework.
B: Maybe we can invent some useful things, too.
A: Really? 5.
B: I want to make a foldable (可折叠的) snack box. It's light and easy to carry, and it saves space in my bag.
A: Perfect! You're so creative. Wish you success!

1. I'm reading a newspaper/a magazine/an article about small inventions.
2. What are they?
3. I have a USB fan.
4. They are helpful. /They help a lot. /Post-it Notes help me a lot.
5. What would you like to make/invent?

【分析】首先通读对话，明确对话围绕“小发明”展开，需结合前后句的问答逻辑、语境填写符合日常交际的句子。第1空，A询问B在读什么，B后句提到“Small inventions”，因此需填与小发明相关的读物；第2空，B回答具体小发明物品，故A需问“它们是什么”；第3空，后句提到USB风扇能降温，故A需说明自己有USB风扇；第4空，A肯定便利贴有用并举例，需填便利贴有帮助的内容；第5空，B说明想做的物品，故A需问想做/发明什么。
【解析】1. 根据A的问题“What are you reading?”和B后句的“Small inventions”，可知B在读关于小发明的报纸、杂志或文章，故填“I'm reading a newspaper/a magazine/an article about small inventions.”；2. 根据B的回答“They are USB fans, Post-it Notes and so on.”，可知A询问这些物品是什么，故填“What are they?”；3. 根据后句“It cools me down everywhere in summer.”，可知A提到自己有USB风扇，故填“I have a USB fan.”；4. 根据A的肯定态度和举例，可知A说明便利贴很有用，故填“They are helpful. /They help a lot. /Post-it Notes help me a lot.”；5. 根据B的回答“I want to make a foldable snack box.”，可知A询问B想做/发明什么，故填“What would you like to make/invent?”。
【答案】1. I'm reading a newspaper/a magazine/an article about small inventions. 2. What are they? 3. I have a USB fan. 4. They are helpful. /They help a lot. /Post-it Notes help me a lot. 5. What would you like to make/invent?
【知识点】英语日常交际用语、补全对话
【点评】本题考查英语日常交际中的补全对话，需结合上下文语境和问答逻辑填写合适的句子，侧重日常用语的实际运用，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7