四、词汇运用。
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
During the Warring States Period(战国时期), many states made changes to become stronger. One of the most s 1 changes was created by Shang Yang in Qin State.
Shang Yang worked out a set of p 2 . At first, these plans were not easily a 3 because people didn't believe in him.
To solve this problem, Shang Yang came up with an idea. He ordered his men to put a thin wooden pole(杆) at the south gate. Then he said anyone who took the pole to the north gate would r 4 10 gold pieces. The task was so e 5 that nobody believed it was true. They all thought Shang Yang was joking. After seeing that, Shang Yang said he would offer 50 gold pieces to anyone who did it.
And f 6 , a man wanted to have a try. He put the pole on his shoulder and w 7 to the north gate. To his s 8 , Shang Yang paid him 50 gold pieces.
The news spread across the Qin State. Soon, people were saying Shang Yang was a man of his word. Then people f 9 him without doubt. With his efforts, Qin State b 10 the strongest of all the states.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. successful 2. plans 3. accepted/acceptable
4. receive 5. easy 6. finally 7. walked 8. surprise
9. followed 10. became

【分析】
解题思路：先通读全文，理解短文讲述的商鞅变法“立木取信”的故事，结合每个空格的首字母提示，分析句子所需的词性、词义，同时注意时态、单复数、固定搭配等语法规则，匹配出符合语境的正确单词。
【解析】
1. 句意：最成功的改革，此处需形容词修饰名词changes，结合首字母s，填successful；
2. 句意：商鞅制定了一套计划，a set of后接可数名词复数，结合首字母p，填plans；
3. 句意：起初这些计划不被接受，此处为被动语态（be+过去分词），结合首字母a，填accepted；
4. 句意：把杆带到北门的人会得到10金币，would后接动词原形，结合首字母r，填receive；
5. 句意：任务太简单没人相信，此处需形容词作表语，结合首字母e，填easy；
6. 句意：最后有人尝试，此处需副词修饰句子，结合首字母f，填finally；
7. 句意：他把杆扛在肩上走到北门，短文为过去时态，此处用动词过去式，结合首字母w，填walked；
8. 固定搭配to one's surprise（让某人惊讶的是），结合首字母s，填surprise；
9. 句意：人们毫无疑问跟随他，短文为过去时态，此处用动词过去式，结合首字母f，填followed；
10. 句意：秦国变成最强的国家，短文为过去时态，此处用动词过去式，结合首字母b，填became。
【答案】
1. successful 2. plans 3. accepted 4. receive 5. easy 6. finally 7. walked 8. surprise 9. followed 10. became
【知识点】
首字母词汇填空、一般过去时、固定搭配
【点评】
本题以商鞅变法的典故为语境，考查首字母填空，既考查词汇掌握，又结合了语法（时态、被动语态）和固定搭配，是初中英语常见的词汇运用题型，需学生结合语境分析词义与语法。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、完形填空。
Some of my earliest memories include sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I watched as he put his items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys. They would always the same space on the table.
Dad's comb was jade green. I heard he it when he married Mum. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy it, OK?”
I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of brought me such joy. I would turn on the tap , and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I'd done a good job, I would proudly the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and then place the comb on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to . Dad's business wasn't doing so well, and our stable(稳定的）life started getting shaky. He didn't come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I'd already been in bed. I started to get . Why didn't he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why did he placing the whole family in trouble? Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to welcome him.
When I was 22, I graduated from college and got a job. Dad's business also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable between Dad and me went on.
Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. On that evening, I helped him carry his bags into his as usual. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the tap.
It was a comb. This one was brown. I hadn't noticed that he'd changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something . My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his was still as heart-warming as before.
()1. A. public B. missing C. personal D. natural
()2. A. take off B. take up C. take away D. take down
()3. A. bought B. produced C. lost D. threw
()4. A. sell B. count C. clean D. decorate
()5. A. message B. task C. course D. right
()6. A. politely B. rudely C. calmly D. excitedly
()7. A. return B. donate C. offer D. spread
()8. A. improve B. accept C. change D. reduce
()9. A. relaxed B. mad C. happy D. tired
()10. A. mind B. suggest C. consider D. risk
()11. A. report B. project C. silence D. discussion
()12. A. study B. office C. bathroom D. bedroom
()13. A. broken B. new C. big D. small
()14. A. interesting B. expensive C. strange D. different
()15. A. smile B. choice C. decision D. secret

1. C 【点拨】根据“his watch, wallet, comb and car keys”可知，此处应是指私人物品。故选 C。
2. B 【点拨】根据“the same space”可知，此处表示占据相同的空间。故选 B。
3. A 【点拨】根据“when he married Mum”可知，此处表示这把梳子是他和妈妈结婚时买的。故选 A。
4. C 【点拨】根据下文“I would turn on the tap $\underline{6}$, and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could.”可知，此处表示帮助爸爸清理一下梳子。故选 C。
5. B 【点拨】根据“I was more than happy to do it.”可知，此处指清理梳子这项任务。故选 B。
6. D 【点拨】根据语境可知，此处应是兴奋地打开水龙头。故选 D。
7. A 【点拨】根据“He would smile at me, and then place the comb on top of his wallet.”可知，此处表示把梳子还给爸爸。故选 A。
8. C 【点拨】根据“Dad's business wasn't doing so well, and our stable(稳定的) life started getting shaky.”可知，此处表示事情开始发生变化。故选 C。
9. B 【点拨】根据“Why didn't he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job?”可知，此处表示“我”开始生气。故选 B。
10. D 【点拨】根据“placing the whole family in trouble”可知，此处表示冒着让整个家庭陷入麻烦的风险。故选 D。
11. C 【点拨】根据语境可知，此处指“我们”之间令人不适的沉默。故选 C。
12. A 【点拨】根据语境可知，此处表示“我”像往常一样帮他把包拿进书房。故选 A。
13. B 【点拨】根据“This one was brown. I hadn't noticed that he'd changed it.”可知，“我”没有注意到他已经换了梳子，此处指那是一把新梳子。故选 B。
14. D 【点拨】根据“My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes”可知，此处表示“我”注意到了不同的事情。故选 D。
15. A 【点拨】根据“He looked at it and smiled.”可知，此处表达他的笑容还是和以前一样。故选 A。

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文围绕作者与父亲的亲情展开，讲述童年帮父亲清理梳子的温馨回忆、父亲创业后关系的变化，以及成年后重拾温情的故事）；再逐句分析空格前后的语境，结合词义辨析、固定搭配、逻辑关系等逐一确定答案；最后代入答案通读全文，验证逻辑通顺性。
【解析】
1. 选C。根据空格后列举的“his watch, wallet, comb and car keys”可知，这些都是个人物品，personal意为“个人的”，符合语境。
2. 选B。take up意为“占据（空间）”，此处指这些物品总是占据桌子上相同的空间，符合搭配和语境。
3. 选A。根据空格后“when he married Mum”可知，这把梳子是他和妈妈结婚时买的，bought是buy的过去式，符合语境。
4. 选C。根据下文“I would turn on the tap... brush the comb...”可知，此处是父亲让“我”帮忙清理梳子，clean意为“清理”，符合上下文动作。
5. 选B。此处指帮父亲清理梳子这项任务，task意为“任务”，符合语境。
6. 选D。根据前文“I was more than happy to do it”可知，“我”很乐意做这件事，所以兴奋地打开水龙头，excitedly意为“兴奋地”，符合情感。
7. 选A。根据前文父亲让“我”帮忙清理梳子，清理完后要还给父亲，return意为“归还”，符合语境。
8. 选C。根据后文“Dad's business wasn't doing so well... life started getting shaky”可知，情况开始发生变化，change意为“变化”，符合逻辑。
9. 选B。根据后文“Why didn't he listen to Mum...”可知，“我”对父亲的做法生气，mad意为“生气的”，符合情感。
10. 选D。risk doing sth.意为“冒险做某事”，此处指父亲冒险让整个家庭陷入麻烦，符合语境。
11. 选C。根据前文父亲创业后回家少，关系变化，可知是令人不适的沉默，silence意为“沉默”，符合语境。
12. 选A。根据第一段“his study”可知，父亲的书房，study意为“书房”，符合语境。
13. 选B。根据后文“This one was brown. I hadn't noticed that he'd changed it”可知，这是一把新梳子，new意为“新的”，符合语境。
14. 选D。根据后文“My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes”可知，“我”注意到了不同的事情，different意为“不同的”，符合语境。
15. 选A。根据前文“his smile was still as heart-warming as before”可知，此处指笑容，smile意为“笑容”，符合语境。
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.A
【知识点】完形填空解题技巧、词义辨析、语境理解
【点评】本文是情感真挚的记叙文，围绕亲情主题展开，通过作者与父亲的故事考查学生语篇理解、词汇辨析及逻辑推理能力，是典型的英语完形填空练习题，有助于提升学生的综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】0.6