18. 如图,在$△ ABC$中,$AB=AC=4$,$D$为$BC$中点,四边形$ACDE$是平行四边形.
(1)求证:四边形$ADBE$是矩形;
(2)过点$E$作$EH ⊥ AB$于点$H$,若$∠ HEB=3∠ HEA$,求$AH$的长.

(1)求证:四边形$ADBE$是矩形;
(2)过点$E$作$EH ⊥ AB$于点$H$,若$∠ HEB=3∠ HEA$,求$AH$的长.
答案
18. (1)略
(2)设 $∠ HEA = α$,则 $∠ HEB = 3∠ HEA=3α$,
$\therefore ∠ BEA=∠ HEA+∠ HEB=4α$.
$\because$ 四边形$ADBE$是矩形,$AB=4$,
$\therefore ∠ BEA=4α=90°$,
$EO=AO=\dfrac{1}{2}ED=\dfrac{1}{2}AB=2$.
$\therefore α=22.5°$.
$\therefore ∠ OEB=∠ OBE=α=22.5°$.
$\therefore ∠ EOH=∠ OEB+∠ OBE=45°$.
$\because EH⊥ AB$,$\therefore ∠ OEH=45°$.
$\therefore EH=OH$.
$\because EH^2+OH^2=OE^2=2OH^2$,
$\therefore EH=OH=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}OE=\sqrt{2}$.
$\therefore AH=AO-OH=2-\sqrt{2}$.
(2)设 $∠ HEA = α$,则 $∠ HEB = 3∠ HEA=3α$,
$\therefore ∠ BEA=∠ HEA+∠ HEB=4α$.
$\because$ 四边形$ADBE$是矩形,$AB=4$,
$\therefore ∠ BEA=4α=90°$,
$EO=AO=\dfrac{1}{2}ED=\dfrac{1}{2}AB=2$.
$\therefore α=22.5°$.
$\therefore ∠ OEB=∠ OBE=α=22.5°$.
$\therefore ∠ EOH=∠ OEB+∠ OBE=45°$.
$\because EH⊥ AB$,$\therefore ∠ OEH=45°$.
$\therefore EH=OH$.
$\because EH^2+OH^2=OE^2=2OH^2$,
$\therefore EH=OH=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}OE=\sqrt{2}$.
$\therefore AH=AO-OH=2-\sqrt{2}$.
19. 如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB=4 cm,AD=12 cm. 点P在边AD上以每秒1 cm的速度从点A向点D运动,点Q在边BC上以每秒4 cm的速度从点C出发,在CB间往返运动,两点同时出发,当点P到达点D时停止,求经过多长时间,四边形ABQP为矩形.

答案
19. $\because$ 四边形$ABCD$是矩形,$AD=12\ \mathrm{cm}$,
$\therefore BC=AD=12\ \mathrm{cm}$,$∠ A=∠ B=90°$.
$\therefore$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形. 设运动的时间为$t$秒,
点$P$在边$AD$上的运动时间为:$12÷1=12$(秒),
点$Q$从点$C$到点$B$的运动时间为:$12÷4=3$(秒),
$\therefore$ 有以下四种情况:
①当$0<t<3$时,此时点$Q$从点$C$向点$B$运动,$AP=t(\mathrm{cm})$,$BQ=(12-4t)\ \mathrm{cm}$,
又$\because$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形,$\therefore t=12-4t$,解得$t=\dfrac{12}{5}$;
②当$3≤ t<6$时,此时点$Q$从点$B$向点$C$运动,$AP = t( \mathrm{cm})$,$BQ=(4t-12)\ \mathrm{cm}$,
又$\because$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形,$\therefore t=4t-12$,解得$t=4$;
③当$6≤ t<9$时,此时点$Q$从点$C$向点$B$运动,$AP = t( \mathrm{cm})$,$BQ=(36-4t)\ \mathrm{cm}$,
又$\because$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形,$\therefore t=36-4t$,解得$t=\dfrac{36}{5}$;
④当$9≤ t≤12$时,此时点$Q$从点$B$向点$C$运动,$AP = t( \mathrm{cm})$,$BQ=(4t-36)\ \mathrm{cm}$,
又$\because$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形,$\therefore t=4t-36$,解得$t=12$.
综上所述,当经过的时间为$\dfrac{12}{5}$秒或4秒或$\dfrac{36}{5}$秒或12秒时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形.
$\therefore BC=AD=12\ \mathrm{cm}$,$∠ A=∠ B=90°$.
$\therefore$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形. 设运动的时间为$t$秒,
点$P$在边$AD$上的运动时间为:$12÷1=12$(秒),
点$Q$从点$C$到点$B$的运动时间为:$12÷4=3$(秒),
$\therefore$ 有以下四种情况:
①当$0<t<3$时,此时点$Q$从点$C$向点$B$运动,$AP=t(\mathrm{cm})$,$BQ=(12-4t)\ \mathrm{cm}$,
又$\because$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形,$\therefore t=12-4t$,解得$t=\dfrac{12}{5}$;
②当$3≤ t<6$时,此时点$Q$从点$B$向点$C$运动,$AP = t( \mathrm{cm})$,$BQ=(4t-12)\ \mathrm{cm}$,
又$\because$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形,$\therefore t=4t-12$,解得$t=4$;
③当$6≤ t<9$时,此时点$Q$从点$C$向点$B$运动,$AP = t( \mathrm{cm})$,$BQ=(36-4t)\ \mathrm{cm}$,
又$\because$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形,$\therefore t=36-4t$,解得$t=\dfrac{36}{5}$;
④当$9≤ t≤12$时,此时点$Q$从点$B$向点$C$运动,$AP = t( \mathrm{cm})$,$BQ=(4t-36)\ \mathrm{cm}$,
又$\because$ 当$AP=BQ$时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形,$\therefore t=4t-36$,解得$t=12$.
综上所述,当经过的时间为$\dfrac{12}{5}$秒或4秒或$\dfrac{36}{5}$秒或12秒时,四边形$ABQP$是矩形.
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