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Ⅳ.任务型阅读
Rose is my good friend. She told me that she would come to Japan for vacation in July. But she was very worried. She said she didn't know what to do in Japanese restaurants. I had to ask her to understand these table manners and tell her what to do in the restaurant.
Some restaurants in Japan have tatami floor榻榻米地板. When you step in a restaurant, you must take off your shoes. When you sit at the table, you will receive a small wet cloth at most Japanese restaurants. Use this to wash your hands before eating, then carefully fold it and set it aside on the table. Don't use it as a napkin, or to touch any part of your face.
Before and after a meal, it is important to say traditional thank-you words. You can make a little noise when you eat. For example, it is common to make some slurping咕噜咕噜 noises while eating noodles because in Japan it means that the noodles taste good if you slurp. For sushi寿司, you should eat up. It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. After you finish your meal, it is good manners to put all your dishes to the way they were at the beginning of the meal. For example, you can put chopsticks back on the chopsticks shelf. I think these manners are helpful to her.
28. Why was Rose worried?
29. What must Rose take off when she steps on tatami floor?
30. When do people say traditional thank-you words in Japan?
31. If your foreign friend is going to China, what important table manners would you tell him or her first?
32.将短文中画线部分翻译成中文。
Rose is my good friend. She told me that she would come to Japan for vacation in July. But she was very worried. She said she didn't know what to do in Japanese restaurants. I had to ask her to understand these table manners and tell her what to do in the restaurant.
Some restaurants in Japan have tatami floor榻榻米地板. When you step in a restaurant, you must take off your shoes. When you sit at the table, you will receive a small wet cloth at most Japanese restaurants. Use this to wash your hands before eating, then carefully fold it and set it aside on the table. Don't use it as a napkin, or to touch any part of your face.
Before and after a meal, it is important to say traditional thank-you words. You can make a little noise when you eat. For example, it is common to make some slurping咕噜咕噜 noises while eating noodles because in Japan it means that the noodles taste good if you slurp. For sushi寿司, you should eat up. It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. After you finish your meal, it is good manners to put all your dishes to the way they were at the beginning of the meal. For example, you can put chopsticks back on the chopsticks shelf. I think these manners are helpful to her.
28. Why was Rose worried?
Because she doesn't understand Japanese table manners.
29. What must Rose take off when she steps on tatami floor?
She must take off her shoes./Her shoes./Shoes.
30. When do people say traditional thank-you words in Japan?
Before and after a meal.
31. If your foreign friend is going to China, what important table manners would you tell him or her first?
I would tell him or her not to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice first.
32.将短文中画线部分翻译成中文。
例如,吃面条时发出一些咕噜咕噜的声音是很常见的,因为在日本,这样做意味着面条味道很好。
答案
28. Because she doesn't understand Japanese table
manners.
29. She must take off her shoes./Her shoes./Shoes.
30. Before and after a meal.
31. I would tell him or her not to stick chopsticks
into a bowl of rice first.
32.例如,吃面条时发出一些咕噜咕噜的声音是很常
见的,因为在日本,这样做意味着面
条味道很好。
manners.
29. She must take off her shoes./Her shoes./Shoes.
30. Before and after a meal.
31. I would tell him or her not to stick chopsticks
into a bowl of rice first.
32.例如,吃面条时发出一些咕噜咕噜的声音是很常
见的,因为在日本,这样做意味着面
条味道很好。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍日本餐桌礼仪的任务型阅读，解题时可以先通读题干明确每个问题的提问方向，再带着问题回原文定位对应段落找线索：1. 第28题询问Rose担忧的原因，直接定位文章首段找相关表述；2. 第29题询问踩榻榻米时需要脱下的物品，定位介绍榻榻米相关规则的第二段提取信息；3. 第30题询问说传统致谢语的时间，定位第三段开头的对应内容即可；4. 第31题是开放性问题，结合自己了解的中国典型餐桌礼仪作答，表述合理就符合要求；5. 第32题的翻译题先拆分句子结构，理清主句和从句的逻辑关系，结合上下文给出的词义注释，调整语序得到通顺的中文译文。
【解析】
28. 定位原文第一段内容"She said she didn't know what to do in Japanese restaurants. I had to ask her to understand these table manners"，可直接提炼出Rose担心的原因是她不了解日本的餐桌礼仪。
29. 定位原文第二段"When you step in a restaurant, you must take off your shoes."，结合题干的榻榻米场景，可知需要脱下鞋子。
30. 定位原文第三段首句"Before and after a meal, it is important to say traditional thank-you words."，可直接提取出对应的时间。
31. 本题为开放题，选取中国最具代表性的餐桌礼仪禁忌作答即可，比如不要将筷子插在盛满米饭的碗中，符合常识、表述正确即可得分。
32. 拆分划线句结构："For example"译为例如，主句是it is common to make some slurping noises while eating noodles，译为吃面条时发出一些呼噜呼噜的声音是很常见的，后接原因状语从句说明背后的文化逻辑，调整语序让译文通顺自然即可。
【答案】
28. Because she doesn't understand Japanese table manners.
29. She must take off her shoes./Her shoes./Shoes.
30. Before and after a meal.
31. I would tell him or her not to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice first.
32. 例如,吃面条时发出一些呼噜呼噜的声音是很常见的,因为在日本,这样做意味着面条味道很好。
【知识点】
文本信息定位，英汉句子翻译，跨文化常识
【点评】
本题属于基础类任务型阅读，绝大多数客观题都可以直接在原文中找到对应答案，重点考察学生快速检索文本关键信息的能力，开放题引导学生结合本国文化常识输出内容，兼顾了语言能力和文化意识的考察，符合初中英语阅读的考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍日本餐桌礼仪的任务型阅读，解题时可以先通读题干明确每个问题的提问方向，再带着问题回原文定位对应段落找线索：1. 第28题询问Rose担忧的原因，直接定位文章首段找相关表述；2. 第29题询问踩榻榻米时需要脱下的物品，定位介绍榻榻米相关规则的第二段提取信息；3. 第30题询问说传统致谢语的时间，定位第三段开头的对应内容即可；4. 第31题是开放性问题，结合自己了解的中国典型餐桌礼仪作答，表述合理就符合要求；5. 第32题的翻译题先拆分句子结构，理清主句和从句的逻辑关系，结合上下文给出的词义注释，调整语序得到通顺的中文译文。
【解析】
28. 定位原文第一段内容"She said she didn't know what to do in Japanese restaurants. I had to ask her to understand these table manners"，可直接提炼出Rose担心的原因是她不了解日本的餐桌礼仪。
29. 定位原文第二段"When you step in a restaurant, you must take off your shoes."，结合题干的榻榻米场景，可知需要脱下鞋子。
30. 定位原文第三段首句"Before and after a meal, it is important to say traditional thank-you words."，可直接提取出对应的时间。
31. 本题为开放题，选取中国最具代表性的餐桌礼仪禁忌作答即可，比如不要将筷子插在盛满米饭的碗中，符合常识、表述正确即可得分。
32. 拆分划线句结构："For example"译为例如，主句是it is common to make some slurping noises while eating noodles，译为吃面条时发出一些呼噜呼噜的声音是很常见的，后接原因状语从句说明背后的文化逻辑，调整语序让译文通顺自然即可。
【答案】
28. Because she doesn't understand Japanese table manners.
29. She must take off her shoes./Her shoes./Shoes.
30. Before and after a meal.
31. I would tell him or her not to stick chopsticks into a bowl of rice first.
32. 例如,吃面条时发出一些呼噜呼噜的声音是很常见的,因为在日本,这样做意味着面条味道很好。
【知识点】
文本信息定位，英汉句子翻译，跨文化常识
【点评】
本题属于基础类任务型阅读，绝大多数客观题都可以直接在原文中找到对应答案，重点考察学生快速检索文本关键信息的能力，开放题引导学生结合本国文化常识输出内容，兼顾了语言能力和文化意识的考察，符合初中英语阅读的考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7
