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四、阅读理解。
Fake news refers to false or misleading information that is shown as if it were true news. While fake news has many forms, it can be divided into two types: misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation is when false information is shared by someone who believes that information to be true. Normally it isn't done on purpose. Disinformation is when misleading or even false information is shared to deceive others on purpose.
There are lots of reasons why people share fake news. Often the person sharing it doesn't realize that it's fake. Sometimes it's done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be to make people laugh. False news can also be shared by someone who wants others to hear their own personal opinions and be affected by them. Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and businesses.
Fake news? Question it! To work out whether the "news" we are reading is fake, we can use our critical thinking(批判性思考) skills to ask ourselves the following questions.
• Is it a mistake or just a joke?
People sometimes share information, believing that it's true, because they don't realize that it's a joke. ①.
• Are there lots of spelling and grammar mistakes?
If yes, it's a sign that no one is checking the content. This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy(不可靠的). ②.
• Is the article advertising something?
Sometimes a news article can influence us to buy something. Companies will often pay a news organization to talk about their product as if it's "news" to encourage people to buy it. ③.
• Is the headline believable?
Sensational(耸人听闻的) headlines encourage us to click on a story because they catch our attention. Some people get paid for every click, so before clicking, ask yourself, does the story sound made-up, or even impossible? ④.
• Is there bias(偏见)?
Sometimes certain facts have been left out of a story because the writer wants the readers to believe it. Bias is an underlying(隐含的) opinion that guides our actions. See if you can fact-check the story with another news source if you're unsure.
When fake news causes stress or hurt to people, those who have helped spread it will say they were not to blame. However, sharing fake news is just like adding fuel(燃料) to a fire. If the false information doesn't get shared, it doesn't get seen and cannot achieve its purpose. When it comes to fake news, it's not enough to not write something, we must refuse to share it, too.
1. What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To explain how to fight fake news.
B. To ask questions about fake news.
C. To express the writer's mixed feelings.
D. To introduce the topic of the passage.
2. The underlined word "deceive" in Paragraph 1 means to make someone .
A. be guided by others
B. be laughed at by others
C. believe untrue things
D. believe unknown things
3. Where can we put "It might even be April Fools' Day"?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
4. According to the passage, how can we work out whether the "news" we are reading is fake?
A. By checking the story with another news source if we are not sure.
B. By checking its writer to see if he or she is a famous writer or journalist.
C. By paying a news organization which discusses the product to check if it is fake.
D. By checking on it and then asking ourselves if the story sounds made-up or impossible.
5. In the last paragraph, why does the writer say "sharing fake news is just like adding fuel to a fire"?
A. To express the writer's surprise and worry.
B. To explain why it is difficult to control a fire.
C. To encourage more people to share fake news.
D. To show sharing fake news makes the problem worse.
Fake news refers to false or misleading information that is shown as if it were true news. While fake news has many forms, it can be divided into two types: misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation is when false information is shared by someone who believes that information to be true. Normally it isn't done on purpose. Disinformation is when misleading or even false information is shared to deceive others on purpose.
There are lots of reasons why people share fake news. Often the person sharing it doesn't realize that it's fake. Sometimes it's done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be to make people laugh. False news can also be shared by someone who wants others to hear their own personal opinions and be affected by them. Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and businesses.
Fake news? Question it! To work out whether the "news" we are reading is fake, we can use our critical thinking(批判性思考) skills to ask ourselves the following questions.
• Is it a mistake or just a joke?
People sometimes share information, believing that it's true, because they don't realize that it's a joke. ①.
• Are there lots of spelling and grammar mistakes?
If yes, it's a sign that no one is checking the content. This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy(不可靠的). ②.
• Is the article advertising something?
Sometimes a news article can influence us to buy something. Companies will often pay a news organization to talk about their product as if it's "news" to encourage people to buy it. ③.
• Is the headline believable?
Sensational(耸人听闻的) headlines encourage us to click on a story because they catch our attention. Some people get paid for every click, so before clicking, ask yourself, does the story sound made-up, or even impossible? ④.
• Is there bias(偏见)?
Sometimes certain facts have been left out of a story because the writer wants the readers to believe it. Bias is an underlying(隐含的) opinion that guides our actions. See if you can fact-check the story with another news source if you're unsure.
When fake news causes stress or hurt to people, those who have helped spread it will say they were not to blame. However, sharing fake news is just like adding fuel(燃料) to a fire. If the false information doesn't get shared, it doesn't get seen and cannot achieve its purpose. When it comes to fake news, it's not enough to not write something, we must refuse to share it, too.
1. What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To explain how to fight fake news.
B. To ask questions about fake news.
C. To express the writer's mixed feelings.
D. To introduce the topic of the passage.
2. The underlined word "deceive" in Paragraph 1 means to make someone .
A. be guided by others
B. be laughed at by others
C. believe untrue things
D. believe unknown things
3. Where can we put "It might even be April Fools' Day"?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
4. According to the passage, how can we work out whether the "news" we are reading is fake?
A. By checking the story with another news source if we are not sure.
B. By checking its writer to see if he or she is a famous writer or journalist.
C. By paying a news organization which discusses the product to check if it is fake.
D. By checking on it and then asking ourselves if the story sounds made-up or impossible.
5. In the last paragraph, why does the writer say "sharing fake news is just like adding fuel to a fire"?
A. To express the writer's surprise and worry.
B. To explain why it is difficult to control a fire.
C. To encourage more people to share fake news.
D. To show sharing fake news makes the problem worse.
答案
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. D
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，围绕“假新闻”展开，包含主旨大意、词义猜测、句子还原、细节理解、句意理解5类题型。解题时需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对各小题定位原文对应内容，结合语境、逻辑关系逐一分析选项，排除错误答案，选出正确选项。
【解析】1. 第一段首先定义假新闻，对其进行分类（误传和故意误导的虚假信息），目的是引出全文关于假新闻的讨论，并非讲对抗方法、提问或表达情感，故选D。2. 根据第一段“disinformation是故意分享误导或虚假信息”的语境，其目的是让他人相信不真实的事情，故“deceive”意为“使相信不真实的事”，选C。3. 待还原句意为“甚至可能是愚人节（的玩笑）”，对应第一个问题“它是错误还是玩笑？”，应放在①处，选A。4. 原文提到“如果不确定，可通过其他新闻来源核实”，对应A选项；B选项“检查作者是否著名”与原文“拼写错误多说明作者不专业”不符；C选项“付钱给新闻机构”是公司行为，非我们的做法；D选项虽涉及“故事是否虚构”，但A是原文明确提到的方法，故选A。5. “火上浇油”的比喻意为分享假新闻会让问题更严重，对应最后一段“假新闻被分享才会达到目的”的表述，故选D。
【答案】1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、词义猜测、细节理解
【点评】本题围绕假新闻主题设置，题型全面，考查学生的阅读理解能力、语境分析能力及信息定位能力，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 第一段首先定义假新闻，对其进行分类（误传和故意误导的虚假信息），目的是引出全文关于假新闻的讨论，并非讲对抗方法、提问或表达情感，故选D。2. 根据第一段“disinformation是故意分享误导或虚假信息”的语境，其目的是让他人相信不真实的事情，故“deceive”意为“使相信不真实的事”，选C。3. 待还原句意为“甚至可能是愚人节（的玩笑）”，对应第一个问题“它是错误还是玩笑？”，应放在①处，选A。4. 原文提到“如果不确定，可通过其他新闻来源核实”，对应A选项；B选项“检查作者是否著名”与原文“拼写错误多说明作者不专业”不符；C选项“付钱给新闻机构”是公司行为，非我们的做法；D选项虽涉及“故事是否虚构”，但A是原文明确提到的方法，故选A。5. “火上浇油”的比喻意为分享假新闻会让问题更严重，对应最后一段“假新闻被分享才会达到目的”的表述，故选D。
【答案】1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、词义猜测、细节理解
【点评】本题围绕假新闻主题设置，题型全面，考查学生的阅读理解能力、语境分析能力及信息定位能力，是初中英语常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
