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1. 一般现在时的被动语态 & 一般过去时的被动语态
(1)被动语态的核心结构:be + 动词过去分词
① 一般现在时被动:is / are + 过去分词(表示客观事实、现在常态)
High-speed trains are used by millions of people every day. 高铁每天被数百万人使用。
Mobile phones are widely used in our daily life. 手机在我们日常生活中被广泛使用。
② 一般过去时被动:was / were + 过去分词(表示过去被发明、过去被制造等)
The telephone was invented many years ago. 电话是很多年前发明的。
The first plane was invented in 1903. 第一架飞机在1903年发明。
(2)被动语态中常用by引出动作的发出者
Paper was invented by ancient Chinese people. 纸是由古代中国人发明的。
【即学即练】用所给词的适当形式填空。
(1)The first telephone
(2)This kind of plastic toy
(3)High-speed trains
(4)The new plan
(5)The songbook
(6)New ways of papermaking
long time ago.
(7)The company's new products
(1)被动语态的核心结构:be + 动词过去分词
① 一般现在时被动:is / are + 过去分词(表示客观事实、现在常态)
High-speed trains are used by millions of people every day. 高铁每天被数百万人使用。
Mobile phones are widely used in our daily life. 手机在我们日常生活中被广泛使用。
② 一般过去时被动:was / were + 过去分词(表示过去被发明、过去被制造等)
The telephone was invented many years ago. 电话是很多年前发明的。
The first plane was invented in 1903. 第一架飞机在1903年发明。
(2)被动语态中常用by引出动作的发出者
Paper was invented by ancient Chinese people. 纸是由古代中国人发明的。
【即学即练】用所给词的适当形式填空。
(1)The first telephone
was invented
(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.(2)This kind of plastic toy
is made
(make) in the workshop every day.(3)High-speed trains
are used
(use) by millions of tourists every year.(4)The new plan
is supposed
(suppose) to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.(5)The songbook
was created
(create) by a famous musician last year.(6)New ways of papermaking
were developed
(develop) by ancient Chinese people along time ago.
(7)The company's new products
are sold
(sell) widely around the world now.答案
1. was invented 2. is made 3. are used 4. is supposed
5. was created 6. were developed 7. are sold
5. was created 6. were developed 7. are sold
解析
【分析】
解题思路：首先根据句子中的时间状语（如in 1876、every day、last year等）判断句子时态；再分析主语与所给动词的关系，确定为被动关系（主语是动作的承受者）；最后结合被动语态核心结构“be+动词过去分词”，根据主语的单复数确定be动词的正确形式，从而得出所填内容。
【解析】
1. 句中时间状语为in 1876，表过去，主语the first telephone是单数，且与动词invent是被动关系，故用一般过去时被动语态，be动词用was，invent的过去分词为invented，填was invented。
2. 时间状语every day表现在常态，主语this kind of plastic toy是单数，与动词make是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态，be动词用is，make的过去分词为made，填is made。
3. 时间状语every year表现在常态，主语high-speed trains是复数，与动词use是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态，be动词用are，use的过去分词为used，填are used。
4. 固定搭配be supposed to表“应该”，主语the new plan是单数，此处表一般现在时的计划，be动词用is，填is supposed。
5. 时间状语last year表过去，主语the songbook是单数，与动词create是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，be动词用was，create的过去分词为created，填was created。
6. 时间状语a long time ago表过去，主语new ways是复数，与动词develop是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，be动词用were，develop的过去分词为developed，填were developed。
7. 时间状语now表现在，主语new products是复数，与动词sell是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态，be动词用are，sell的过去分词为sold，填are sold。
【答案】
1. was invented 2. is made 3. are used 4. is supposed 5. was created 6. were developed 7. are sold
【知识点】
一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态、被动语态结构
【点评】
本题考查被动语态的时态运用及核心结构，需准确识别时态标志、主语单复数和被动关系，属于基础语法应用题目，侧重对被动语态基本规则的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.6
解题思路：首先根据句子中的时间状语（如in 1876、every day、last year等）判断句子时态；再分析主语与所给动词的关系，确定为被动关系（主语是动作的承受者）；最后结合被动语态核心结构“be+动词过去分词”，根据主语的单复数确定be动词的正确形式，从而得出所填内容。
【解析】
1. 句中时间状语为in 1876，表过去，主语the first telephone是单数，且与动词invent是被动关系，故用一般过去时被动语态，be动词用was，invent的过去分词为invented，填was invented。
2. 时间状语every day表现在常态，主语this kind of plastic toy是单数，与动词make是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态，be动词用is，make的过去分词为made，填is made。
3. 时间状语every year表现在常态，主语high-speed trains是复数，与动词use是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态，be动词用are，use的过去分词为used，填are used。
4. 固定搭配be supposed to表“应该”，主语the new plan是单数，此处表一般现在时的计划，be动词用is，填is supposed。
5. 时间状语last year表过去，主语the songbook是单数，与动词create是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，be动词用was，create的过去分词为created，填was created。
6. 时间状语a long time ago表过去，主语new ways是复数，与动词develop是被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，be动词用were，develop的过去分词为developed，填were developed。
7. 时间状语now表现在，主语new products是复数，与动词sell是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态，be动词用are，sell的过去分词为sold，填are sold。
【答案】
1. was invented 2. is made 3. are used 4. is supposed 5. was created 6. were developed 7. are sold
【知识点】
一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态、被动语态结构
【点评】
本题考查被动语态的时态运用及核心结构，需准确识别时态标志、主语单复数和被动关系，属于基础语法应用题目，侧重对被动语态基本规则的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.6
