2026年新课程问题解决导学方案九年级英语上册人教版第31页答案
1. 你知道构成这些职业名词的词缀规律吗?
目标词汇: writer, historian, professor, teacher, researcher, scientist, chemist, physicist
总结:
词缀 含义 单词 词根
-er 做……的人 (1)
writer
write(v. 写)
teacher teach(v. 教)
(2)
researcher
research(v. 研究)
-or ……者;……家 (3)
professor
profess(v. 教授)
(4)
inventor
invent(v. 发明)
-ist ……学家;专家 scientist science(n. 科学)
(5)
chemist
chemistry(n. 化学)
physicist physics(n. 物理)
-ian ……学家;学者 (6)
historian
history(n. 历史)
【即学即练】根据文本内容,填入合适的职业名称。
My uncle is a (1)
historian
. He studies history at a university and knows a lot about China's past. His wife is a (2)
chemist
. She always works in chemistry and invents new things. Her brother is a (3)
physicist
. He studies physics and does many experiments.
My grandfather was a (4)
teacher
. He taught at a middle school for forty years. My aunt is a (5)
writer
. She writes books for children.
Now my cousin wants to be a (6)
scientist / biologist
. He wants to study nature and help the world. My father works as a (7)
researcher
in a lab. He does research and looks for new ideas all day. My mother is a (8)
professor
. She gives talks and teaches at college.

答案

总结:
1. writer
2. researcher
3. professor
4. inventor
5. chemist
6. historian
即学即练:
1. historian
2. chemist
3. physicist
4. teacher
5. writer
6. scientist / biologist
7. researcher
8. professor

解析

【分析】本题考查英语中表示职业的名词后缀(词缀)的用法,解题时需先明确不同词缀(-er、-or、-ist、-ian)的含义,再结合对应词根,将词缀添加到词根后构成正确的职业名词;即学即练部分需根据句子语境,运用总结的词缀规律选择合适的职业名词填空。
【解析】
总结部分:
1. 词缀-er表示“做……的人”,词根为write,组合后得到职业名词writer(作家);
2. 词缀-er对应词根research,组合后为researcher(研究者);
3. 词缀-or表示“……者;……家”,词根为profess,组合后为professor(教授);
4. 词缀-or对应词根invent,组合后为inventor(发明家);
5. 词缀-ist表示“……学家;专家”,词根为chemistry,组合后为chemist(化学家);
6. 词缀-ian表示“……学家;学者”,词根为history,组合后为historian(历史学家)。
即学即练部分:
1. 句子提到“studies history(研究历史)”,对应职业为historian;
2. 句子提到“works in chemistry(从事化学工作)”,对应职业为chemist;
3. 句子提到“studies physics(研究物理)”,对应职业为physicist;
4. 句子提到“taught at a middle school(在中学教书)”,对应职业为teacher;
5. 句子提到“writes books for children(写儿童书籍)”,对应职业为writer;
6. 句子提到“wants to study nature(想研究自然)”,对应职业为scientist(也可填biologist等合理答案);
7. 句子提到“does research(做研究)”,对应职业为researcher;
8. 句子提到“gives talks and teaches at college(在大学讲课教书)”,对应职业为professor。
【答案】
总结:
1. writer
2. researcher
3. professor
4. inventor
5. chemist
6. historian
即学即练:
1. historian
2. chemist
3. physicist
4. teacher
5. writer
6. scientist / biologist
7. researcher
8. professor
【知识点】
英语职业名词后缀;英语构词法;词汇运用
【点评】
本题通过总结职业名词的词缀规律,结合语境填空,既考查了对英语构词法的掌握,又考查了词汇在具体语境中的运用,是基础英语词汇题的常见题型,难度适中,适合巩固基础词汇。
【难度系数】
0.3
2. 你知道句型 It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 和 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 的用法吗?它们有什么区别呢?一起来看一看吧。
It was great of Yuan Longping to develop the new kind of rice.
袁隆平成功培育出这种新型水稻,真是令人赞叹!
It was difficult for Sima Qian to finish Shiji.
对于司马迁而言,完成《史记》是一件艰难的事。
通过例句,你能试着小结一下两种句型的区别吗?

【即学即练】用 of / for 填空。
It is important (1)
for
us to learn from great people. It is brave (2)
of
Zhong Yang to collect seeds on high mountains. It is wise (3)
of
Confucius to teach people to be kind. It is difficult (4)
for
common people to understand his research. But it is nice (5)
of
those scientists to keep working hard.

答案

总结:
1. to do sth.
2. 人的性格品质
3. 事情的性质
即学即练:
1. for
2. of
3. of
4. for
5. of

解析

【分析】首先明确两种句型的核心差异:It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.中,形容词描述人的性格、品质等特征,可转换为“sb. is + adj. to do sth.”;It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.中,形容词描述做某事的性质、特点,可转换为“To do sth. is + adj.”。解题时先判断形容词的修饰对象,再选择of或for。
【解析】1. 相同点:两个句型里it都是形式主语,真正主语是后面的to do sth.;2. 不同点:① 形容词描述人的性格品质(如brave、wise等)时,用of;② 形容词描述做某事的性质(如difficult、important等)时,用for。
即学即练分析:
(1) important描述“向伟人学习”这件事的性质,填for;
(2) brave描述钟扬的品质,填of;
(3) wise描述孔子的品质,填of;
(4) difficult描述“理解他的研究”这件事的性质,填for;
(5) nice描述科学家的品质,填of。
【答案】总结:1. to do sth.;2. 人的性格品质;3. 事情的性质;即学即练:(1) for;(2) of;(3) of;(4) for;(5) of
【知识点】It作形式主语句型;形容词用法辨析
【点评】本题考查初中英语基础句型的用法辨析,核心是判断形容词修饰人还是事,结合例句记忆规律即可掌握,属于基础考点。
【难度系数】0.6