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五、七选五
Dieting is often doomed to failure. 1 No carbs(碳水食物) after 6 p. m.? No problem—until we're out for dinner, on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket. Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no, but eventually, resisting temptation(抵御诱惑) is the key to successful weight loss.
Now research from leading psychologists has spotted the parts of the brain involved in resisting temptation, and how we can use them to stop reaching for chocolate cake. Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel, whose research has given the answer. 2 Our mind has two systems: one is cool, slow and allows for self-control, goal-setting and willpower—the "no" system. The other is hot, emotional and present from birth—the "go" system.
So when you see a chocolate cake, the "hot" part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste, and the sugar rush you have learned that a slice will give you. Instead of giving in, what you need to do is to activate the "cool" part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing far-sightedness. Imagine the sense of satisfaction you'd get, from fitting into your favorite dress in a couple of weeks' time, for example. 3
Stress is another issue. 4 The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior. Then develop an action plan to deal with it. This might involve taking healthy snacks to work or finding ways to cope better with your time and emotions.
5 If you habitually eat chocolate, for instance, then every time you see it, you remember the high. So the research is clear: if you want to be slim, fit and healthy, it's time to take control of your mind.
A. But the following tips can be of some help.
B. The problem is, we don't follow the rules we learn.
C. Brain scans have also shown memory's significant role in overeating.
D. To resist temptation, our brain has to shift from the "hot" to the "cool".
E. It's a simple strategy, but experiments have shown it is highly effective.
F. The sight of the mouth-watering food will also set off the bomb in your brain.
G. It has been shown to switch on the hot part of the brain and cause us to overeat.
1.
Dieting is often doomed to failure. 1 No carbs(碳水食物) after 6 p. m.? No problem—until we're out for dinner, on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket. Everyone has a flash point that makes it hard to say no, but eventually, resisting temptation(抵御诱惑) is the key to successful weight loss.
Now research from leading psychologists has spotted the parts of the brain involved in resisting temptation, and how we can use them to stop reaching for chocolate cake. Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel, whose research has given the answer. 2 Our mind has two systems: one is cool, slow and allows for self-control, goal-setting and willpower—the "no" system. The other is hot, emotional and present from birth—the "go" system.
So when you see a chocolate cake, the "hot" part of your brain reacts to thoughts of the delicious taste, and the sugar rush you have learned that a slice will give you. Instead of giving in, what you need to do is to activate the "cool" part of your brain by thinking about your goals and practicing far-sightedness. Imagine the sense of satisfaction you'd get, from fitting into your favorite dress in a couple of weeks' time, for example. 3
Stress is another issue. 4 The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior. Then develop an action plan to deal with it. This might involve taking healthy snacks to work or finding ways to cope better with your time and emotions.
5 If you habitually eat chocolate, for instance, then every time you see it, you remember the high. So the research is clear: if you want to be slim, fit and healthy, it's time to take control of your mind.
A. But the following tips can be of some help.
B. The problem is, we don't follow the rules we learn.
C. Brain scans have also shown memory's significant role in overeating.
D. To resist temptation, our brain has to shift from the "hot" to the "cool".
E. It's a simple strategy, but experiments have shown it is highly effective.
F. The sight of the mouth-watering food will also set off the bomb in your brain.
G. It has been shown to switch on the hot part of the brain and cause us to overeat.
1.
B
2. D
3. E
4. G
5. C
答案
1.B 2.D 3.E 4.G 5.C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了节食失败的原因,并结合心理学家的研究,解释大脑中“热系统”和“冷系统”在抵御诱惑中的作用,同时给出控制饮食的相关建议。
1. B 解析:上文“Dieting is often doomed to failure.”指出节食往往注定失败的现象;下文“No carbs after 6 p.m.? No problem—until we're out for dinner, on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket.”通过具体举例说明人们无法遵守节食规则,B 选项“问题在于,我们不会遵守自己了解的规则”衔接上文的“节食失败”,引出下文“无法遵守规则”的例子,符合语境。故选 B。
2. D 解析:上文“Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel, whose research has given the answer.”引出研究结论;下文“Our mind has two systems: one is cool, slow and allows for self-control, goal-setting and willpower—the 'no' system. The other is hot, emotional and present from birth—the 'go' system.”介绍了大脑的两个系统,D 选项“为了抵御诱惑,我们的大脑必须从‘热系统’切换到‘冷系统’”承接上文的“研究答案”,引出下文对“两个系统”的具体介绍,符合语境。故选 D。
3. E 解析:上文“Instead of giving in, what you need to do... in a couple of weeks' time, for example.(你需要做的不是屈服,而是通过思考你的目标和锻炼远见来激活你大脑中‘冷静’的部分。比如,想象几周后穿上心仪裙子的满足感)”给出激活“冷系统”的具体策略,E 选项“这是个简单的策略,但实验表明它非常有效”评价上文策略的效果,符合语境。故选 E。
4. G 解析:上文“Stress is another issue.”提出压力这一话题;下文“The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior. Then develop an action plan to deal with it.”说明应对压力的方法,G 选项“研究表明,压力会激活大脑的热系统,导致我们暴饮暴食”解释压力的具体影响,衔接上文的“压力是问题”,引出下文的“应对方法”,符合语境。故选 G。
5. C 解析:下文“If you habitually eat chocolate, for instance, then every time you see it, you remember the high.”举例说明了记忆对饮食行为的影响,C 选项“脑部扫描也显示,记忆在过量饮食中扮演着重要角色”引出下文“记忆影响饮食”的例子,符合语境。故选 C。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了节食失败的原因,并结合心理学家的研究,解释大脑中“热系统”和“冷系统”在抵御诱惑中的作用,同时给出控制饮食的相关建议。
1. B 解析:上文“Dieting is often doomed to failure.”指出节食往往注定失败的现象;下文“No carbs after 6 p.m.? No problem—until we're out for dinner, on our second glass of wine and reaching for the bread basket.”通过具体举例说明人们无法遵守节食规则,B 选项“问题在于,我们不会遵守自己了解的规则”衔接上文的“节食失败”,引出下文“无法遵守规则”的例子,符合语境。故选 B。
2. D 解析:上文“Leading the charge is Professor Walter Mischel, whose research has given the answer.”引出研究结论;下文“Our mind has two systems: one is cool, slow and allows for self-control, goal-setting and willpower—the 'no' system. The other is hot, emotional and present from birth—the 'go' system.”介绍了大脑的两个系统,D 选项“为了抵御诱惑,我们的大脑必须从‘热系统’切换到‘冷系统’”承接上文的“研究答案”,引出下文对“两个系统”的具体介绍,符合语境。故选 D。
3. E 解析:上文“Instead of giving in, what you need to do... in a couple of weeks' time, for example.(你需要做的不是屈服,而是通过思考你的目标和锻炼远见来激活你大脑中‘冷静’的部分。比如,想象几周后穿上心仪裙子的满足感)”给出激活“冷系统”的具体策略,E 选项“这是个简单的策略,但实验表明它非常有效”评价上文策略的效果,符合语境。故选 E。
4. G 解析:上文“Stress is another issue.”提出压力这一话题;下文“The first thing to do is to be aware of how stress changes your behavior. Then develop an action plan to deal with it.”说明应对压力的方法,G 选项“研究表明,压力会激活大脑的热系统,导致我们暴饮暴食”解释压力的具体影响,衔接上文的“压力是问题”,引出下文的“应对方法”,符合语境。故选 G。
5. C 解析:下文“If you habitually eat chocolate, for instance, then every time you see it, you remember the high.”举例说明了记忆对饮食行为的影响,C 选项“脑部扫描也显示,记忆在过量饮食中扮演着重要角色”引出下文“记忆影响饮食”的例子,符合语境。故选 C。
