[2026广东广州调研]
Introduction
Rockets are like big engines that help push（推）things in a forward（向前）or upward direction. We use them to launch spaceships into space or to shoot（射出）fireworks into the sky.
How Rockets Work
Rockets work by burning fuel（燃烧燃料）. When the fuel burns, it produces a kind of hot gas. This gas shoots out of the back of the rocket and pushes it forward.
History
The Chinese were the first to make rockets, back in the 1200s. They filled bamboos with a special kind of powder（火药）. This powder burnt very quickly and produced enough gas to shoot the rocket into the air. Later, in the 1700s, people started making rockets out of metal（金属）.
In the late 1800s, a Russian scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was the first person to design a liquid（液体的）fuel rocket, but he didn't build one. An American engineer named Robert Goddard was the first person to do this in 1926. In 1957, the Soviet Union（苏联）used a rocket to launch the world's first space satellite, Sputnik-1. Since then, many countries have used rockets to send things into space.
()1. 新考法写作意图 What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To explain how rockets help people.
B. To describe the history of rockets and how they work.
C. To provide information about different types of rockets.
D. To discuss the history and influence of space exploration.
()2. What happens when the fuel in a rocket burns?
A. It creates a cool gas and the gas pushes the rocket upward.
B. It creates a cold gas and the gas pushes the rocket forward.
C. It creates a cool or hot gas and the gas pushes the rocket upward.
D. It creates hot gas and the gas pushes the rocket forward.
()3. When did the Chinese first make rockets?
A. In the 1200s.
B. In the 1700s.
C. In the 1800s.
D. In the 1900s.
()4. What did the Russian scientist Tsiolkovsky do in the late 1800s?
A. He built the first rocket.
B. He wrote down ideas about space travel.
C. He launched the first space satellite.
D. He designed the first liquid fuel rocket.
()5. When did Robert Goddard build the first rocket that used liquid fuel?
A. In 1957.
B. In the 1700s.
C. In the 1200s.
D. In 1926.

1. B 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了火箭的作用和火箭如何运作,以及火箭的发展历史。故选 B 项。
2. D 细节理解题。根据“When the fuel burns, it produces a kind of hot gas. This gas shoots out of the back of the rocket and pushes it forward.”可知,燃料燃烧时,会产生一种热的气体,这种气体从火箭后部射出,推动火箭前进。故选 D 项。
3. A 细节理解题。根据“The Chinese were the first to make rockets, back in the 1200s.”可知,早在 13 世纪,中国人就率先制造了火箭。故选 A 项。
4. D 细节理解题。根据“In the late 1800s, a Russian scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was the first person to design a liquid fuel rocket, but he didn't build one.”可知,在 19 世纪末,俄罗斯科学家康斯坦丁·齐奥尔科夫斯基是第一个设计液体燃料火箭的人,但他没有建造火箭。故选 D 项。
5. D 细节理解题。根据“Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was the first person to design a liquid fuel rocket, but he didn't build one. An American engineer named Robert Goddard was the first person to do this in 1926.”可知,罗伯特·戈达德在 1926 年的时候建造了第一枚使用液体燃料的火箭。故选 D 项。

【分析】
本题是一篇关于火箭的英语阅读理解题，包含5道选择题，分别考查主旨大意和细节理解。解题思路：1. 先通读全文，把握文章结构（火箭作用、工作原理、发展历史）；2. 针对每道题的问题，定位到原文对应段落，提取关键信息；3. 对比选项与原文内容，选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 主旨大意题：文章分为三部分，介绍了火箭的作用、工作原理以及发展历史，对应选项B。A选项仅提到帮助人们，不全面；C选项未提及不同类型；D选项侧重太空探索的历史和影响，与文章不符，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文“How Rockets Work”部分的“When the fuel burns, it produces a kind of hot gas. This gas shoots out of the back of the rocket and pushes it forward.”，可知燃料燃烧产生热气体，推动火箭前进，对应选项D。
3. 细节理解题：根据“History”部分的“The Chinese were the first to make rockets, back in the 1200s.”，可知中国人在12世纪（1200s）首次制造火箭，对应选项A。
4. 细节理解题：根据“History”部分的“In the late 1800s, a Russian scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, was the first person to design a liquid fuel rocket, but he didn't build one.”，可知齐奥尔科夫斯基设计了液体燃料火箭，对应选项D。
5. 细节理解题：根据“History”部分的“An American engineer named Robert Goddard was the first person to do this in 1926.”（此处“do this”指建造液体燃料火箭），可知戈达德在1926年建造了首枚液体燃料火箭，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、主旨大意、细节理解
【点评】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解，题目以细节理解为主，辅以主旨大意题，考查学生快速定位原文信息和概括文章主旨的能力，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7