一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. You should speak (slow) to make yourself understood.
2. High-speed trains make travel much (easy) than before.
3. The news of victory (spread) quickly. Everyone was glad.
4. His cousin keeps on painting in order to become an (art).
5. Shenzhou-23 (send) into space on 24th May 2026.

1. slowly 2. easier 3. spread 4. artist 5. was sent

【分析】
本题为英语用所给单词适当形式填空题型，需结合句子结构、语法规则、时态语态、词类转换等知识解题：1. 空格修饰动词speak，需用副词；2. 句中than是比较级标志，形容词需用比较级；3. 由后句was glad可知时态为一般过去时，需用动词过去式；4. 句意表“艺术家”，需转换为表示职业的名词；5. 主语是动作承受者，且时间为过去，需用一般过去时的被动语态。
【解析】
1. 空格处修饰动词speak，需用副词，因此将形容词slow变为副词slowly；
2. 句中出现比较级标志词than，形容词easy的比较级为easier，故填easier；
3. 后句时态为一般过去时，前句描述过去动作，spread的过去式与原形相同，故填spread；
4. 句意是“成为一名艺术家”，需将名词art转换为表示职业的名词artist，故填artist；
5. 主语Shenzhou-23是send的承受者，时间为过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was sent，故填was sent。
【答案】
1. slowly 2. easier 3. spread 4. artist 5. was sent
【知识点】
副词的用法、形容词比较级、被动语态
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础语法与词形转换，涉及副词修饰动词、比较级、过去式、职业名词转换、被动语态等核心知识点，题型常见，难度适中，掌握基础语法规则即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.7

二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。
invent, across, sudden, create, discover
1. The Great Wall goes the northern part of China.
2. That painter often amazing works with her brushes.
3. Marie Curie radium(镭) about a century ago.
4. When he was looking into a hole, a big cat appeared .
5. 跨学科 历史 Woodblock printing was during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
变式训练 The of woodblock printing lived during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

1. across 2. creates 3. discovered 4. suddenly 5. invented; inventor

【分析】本题为用方框所给单词的适当形式填空的题型，解题思路为：先通读每个句子理解句意，再根据句子的语法结构（如时态、语态、词性要求、固定搭配等）确定空格处所需单词的形式，最后从给定单词中选择合适的词填入并变形。
【解析】1. 句意：长城横贯中国北部。固定搭配go across表示“横贯、穿过”，此处需介词，故填across。2. 句意：那位画家经常用画笔创作令人惊叹的作品。主语是第三人称单数That painter，且由often可知用一般现在时，动词需变第三人称单数形式，故create变为creates。3. 句意：玛丽·居里约一个世纪前发现了镭。由时间状语about a century ago可知用一般过去时，discover的过去式为discovered，故填discovered。4. 句意：他往洞里看时，一只大猫突然出现。此处修饰动词appeared需用副词，sudden的副词形式为suddenly，故填suddenly。5. 第一小句句意：雕版印刷术在隋唐时期被发明。此处为被动语态（was+过去分词），invent的过去分词为invented，故填invented；变式训练句意：雕版印刷术的发明者生活在隋唐时期，此处需名词，invent的名词“发明者”为inventor，故填inventor。
【答案】1. across 2. creates 3. discovered 4. suddenly 5. invented; inventor
【知识点】动词适当形式、介词用法、副词变形
【点评】本题考查基础词汇的词性变化及语境运用，是初中英语常见的基础题型，需学生掌握单词的不同形式及用法。
【难度系数】0.6

三、根据汉语意思完成句子,每空一词。
1. 互联网首次出现于20世纪60年代。
The internet first came out .
2. 它(互联网)的发明改变了我们的交流方式。
it changed the way we communicate.
3. 人们可以使用它(互联网)在几秒之内互相发送信息。
People can send messages to each other with it.
4. 因为互联网,人们将使用更少的纸张。
the internet, people will use less paper.
5. 它(互联网)已经对我们的日常生活产生极大的影响。
It has a great on our daily lives.
主题语篇·重思维

1. in the 1960s 2. The invention of 3. in seconds 4. Because of/Thanks to 5. had; effect/influence

【分析】
本题为根据汉语意思完成英语句子的题型，解题思路是：先理解每个汉语句子的核心语义，再回忆对应的英语固定短语、句式或语法结构，结合句子的语法要求（如时态、词性、搭配），填入符合要求的内容，确保每空一词，匹配参考答案的表达。
【解析】
1. 表示“在20世纪60年代”的固定英语表达为in the 1960s，符合句子语境；
2. “它的发明”作句子主语，用名词所有格结构the invention of，对应汉语意思；
3. “在几秒之内”的固定短语是in seconds，匹配句子语义；
4. 表示“因为”且后接名词短语the internet，可用Because of或Thanks to，均符合要求；
5. 现在完成时结构为has + 过去分词，“对……产生极大影响”的固定搭配是have a great effect/influence，故填had和effect/influence。
【答案】
1. in the 1960s 2. The invention of 3. in seconds 4. Because of/Thanks to 5. had; effect/influence
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、介词短语、现在完成时
【点评】
本题考查英语基础固定短语和句式的运用，属于汉译英的基础题型，需要学生积累课本中的常用表达，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.3

四、阅读理解。
The fridge is one of the most useful inventions. Almost every family has at least one fridge. The fridge has a long history. It was invented in the early 20th century and has greatly changed the way we store food.
Before fridges, it was hard to keep food fresh. People used iceboxes or cold cellars(地窖) to keep it fresh. However, these ways were not very useful, especially in warm weather. Food would go bad quickly, causing waste and even health problems. The invention of fridges solved these problems by providing a perfect way to keep food fresh for a longer time.
A fridge keeps food fresh by using a special liquid called the refrigerant(制冷剂). This liquid takes in heat from inside the fridge and gives it off outside, keeping the air inside the fridge cool.
Modern fridges have different compartments(分隔间), such as a freezer for frozen food and separate shelves for fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. Some even have smart features, like temperature control and energy-saving modes.
Fridges have become a necessary part of modern life. Almost every home has one, and they are used in restaurants, supermarkets and so on. Thanks to this invention, we can keep food safe, decrease waste, and enjoy fresh meals. Without fridges, our lives would be much less convenient.
In a word, the fridge is a successful invention. It shows how technology can improve the way we live!
()1. 新考法 写作手法 How does the writer lead into the topic of the passage?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By describing facts.
C. By asking questions.
D. By giving examples.
()2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Ways to use a fridge.
B. How the fridge works.
C. Why the fridge can take in heat.
D. What kind of fridge is the best for us.
()3. Which of the following can take the place of “decrease” in the passage?
A. Cut down.
B. Result in.
C. Clean up.
D. Run out of.
()4. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To describe the development of food storage ways.
B. To discuss environmental problems caused by modern fridges.
C. To explain why people should eat up the food they have cooked.
D. To show the importance of fridges in improving modern life.

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D

【分析】
要解决这几道英语阅读理解题，需掌握不同题型的解题思路：1. 写作手法题：分析文章开头引入话题的方式，判断是列数字、描述事实、提问还是举例子；2. 段落主旨题：定位对应段落，梳理核心内容，排除无关选项；3. 词义猜测题：结合上下文语境分析划线词含义，匹配选项；4. 写作目的题：结合全文尤其是结尾段提炼作者意图，排除不符选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：文章开头先介绍冰箱是有用的发明、普及情况、历史等客观事实引入话题，未使用列数字、提问、举例子的手法，因此选B。
2. 第2题：第三段围绕制冷剂展开，说明冰箱通过制冷剂吸热、放热保持内部凉爽的工作原理，未涉及使用方法、仅讲吸热或最佳冰箱类型，因此选B。
3. 第3题：划线词“decrease”所在句意为“保障食品安全、减少浪费、享用新鲜食物”，“cut down”有“减少”之意符合语境，其余选项“result in（导致）”“clean up（清理）”“run out of（用完）”均不符，因此选A。
4. 第4题：文章结尾总结冰箱是成功发明，展示科技对生活的改善，未侧重食物储存方式发展、环境问题或倡导吃完食物，因此选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解综合考查题，涵盖写作手法、段落主旨、词义猜测、写作目的等考点，需学生结合原文细节分析判断，掌握不同阅读题型的解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6