Ⅳ.阅读理解
情境 素材 航天服 「2025江苏南通期末」
Chinese astronauts now have a new spacesuit for going to the moon! People saw the spacesuit for the first time on September 28th, 2024. This is part of China’s plan to send astronauts to the moon by 2030. Our country is also inviting the public to name the spacesuit. The spacesuit is made by using many cool technologies(技术).

①The material
On the moon, it can be as cold as $-210° \mathrm{C}$ and as hot as $121° \mathrm{C}$. There is also a lot of dust(灰尘). To protect the astronauts, scientists made the spacesuit with a special material.
②The control panel
There is a control panel on the front of the spacesuit. It can do many things and is easy to use.
③Cameras
There are cameras on both sides of the helmet. They can take videos of things close up and far away.
④The visor
The helmet has a special visor. It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes. It also helps them see everything around them clearly(清晰地).
⑤Joints
The joints of the spacesuit can bend(弯曲) easily. Astronauts can move their arms and legs easily in space.
21. When does China plan to send astronauts to the moon?
A. After 2035.
B. Before 2030.
C. In 2024.
D. Before 2024.
22. What can help protect the astronauts’ eyes?
A. The control panel.
B. The cameras.
C. The visor.
D. The material.
23. In which part of the newspaper can we find this passage?
A. Sports Square.
B. Health Corner.
C. Fashion Guide.
D. Science World.

Ⅳ.[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了中国航天员的新航天服。
21.B 细节理解题。根据“This is part of China's plan to send astronauts to the moon by 2030.”可知,中国计划2030年前将航天员送上月球。故选B。
22.C 细节理解题。根据“The visor”中的“The helmet has a special visor. It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts' eyes.”可知,新航天服头盔上有一个特殊的面罩,它可以防止明亮的阳光伤害航天员的眼睛,故选C。
23.D 文章主题题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了中国航天员的新航天服,属于科学范畴。故选D。

【分析】
这是一篇关于中国新航天服的阅读理解题，包含3道题，分别考查细节理解和文章出处判断。解题思路：1. 第21题，根据题干关键词“send astronauts to the moon”定位原文相关句子，找到计划时间；2. 第22题，根据题干关键词“protect the astronauts’ eyes”定位对应部件的描述，确定答案；3. 第23题，通读全文，判断文章主题所属的板块，确定出处。
【解析】
21. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“This is part of China's plan to send astronauts to the moon by 2030.”可知，中国计划在2030年前将航天员送上月球，对应选项B（Before 2030），故选B。
22. 细节理解题：根据原文④The visor部分的“It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes.”可知，能保护航天员眼睛的是头盔上的特殊面罩（visor），故选C。
23. 文章出处题：全文主要介绍中国新航天服的相关科技，属于科学领域的内容，因此最可能出现在报纸的Science World（科学世界）板块，故选D。
【答案】
21.B 22.C 23.D
【知识点】
阅读理解；细节理解；文章出处判断
【点评】
本题围绕航天服展开，考查基础的细节查找和文章主题判断，难度较低，学生只要仔细定位原文信息即可正确作答，属于科技类阅读理解的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅴ.阅读还原
人与自然 自然 航天事业 「2025广东深圳南山期末」
请阅读全文,并从文后的六个选项中选择五个还原到原文中,使原文的意思完整、连贯。
Every year on April 24th, our country celebrates the Space Day of China. It's a special day to show how much China has grown in exploring space. A big part of this is sending people into space. 24
What problems do spacemen face?
In space, spacemen face many problems. There's not much gravity. This influences their bodies. 25 What's more, they need to know a lot. If there is any problem, they have to solve it quickly.
26
To make sure spacemen can do their jobs and come back safely, they have over 200 kinds of training. 27 So before spacemen can go to space, they study a lot of scientific knowledge and train for at least three and a half years. 28 They wear heavy diving suits(潜水服) and stay underwater for about six hours. It's really tiring. For example, Nie Haisheng even lost 2 kilograms after one underwater training exercise.
A. How are spacemen trained(训练)?
B. How do spacemen do their job?
C. Being a spaceman is very cool, but it's also hard.
D. One of the most difficult parts is the underwater training.
E. These include doing exercise and learning science.
F. Also, being in a small spaceship can make them feel stressed(焦虑不安的).
24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

Ⅴ.[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了航天员面临的挑战和所接受的训练。
24.C 根据下文的介绍可知,成为一名航天员会遇到很多问题并接受很多训练,选项C“成为一名航天员很酷,但也很难”符合语境。
25.F 根据上文中的“In space, spacemen face many problems.”可知,此处内容与航天员在太空遇到的问题有关,选项F“此外,在一个小小的宇宙飞船里会让他们感到焦虑不安”符合语境。
26.A 根据下文中的“To make sure spacemen can do their jobs and come back safely, they have over 200 kinds of training.”可知,此处内容与航天员接受训练有关,选项A“航天员是如何训练的?”符合语境。
27.E 根据下文中的“So before spacemen can go to space, they study a lot of scientific knowledge and train for at least three and a half years.”可知,航天员要学习大量科学知识,并且接受至少三年半的培训,选项E“这些包括锻炼和学习科学”符合语境。
28.D 根据下文中的“They wear heavy diving suits and stay underwater for about six hours. It's really tiring.”可知,此处介绍水下训练,选项D“最困难的部分之一是水下训练”符合语境。

【分析】
这是一道阅读还原题，解题思路如下：1. 先通读全文，明确文章主旨是介绍中国航天日、航天员面临的挑战及训练情况；2. 逐个分析每个空的上下文语境，结合话题一致性、逻辑衔接性匹配选项：24空需承上启下，连接上文“送宇航员入太空”和下文“宇航员面临的问题”；25空需承接上文提到的“太空问题”，补充另一个问题；26空需作为小标题，引出下文关于航天员训练的内容；27空需承接上文“200多种训练”，说明训练包含的内容；28空需引出下文具体的水下训练内容。
【解析】
24空：上文提到中国航天日的核心是送宇航员进入太空，下文转而介绍宇航员面临的问题，选项C“成为一名航天员很酷，但也很难”承上启下，引出下文的挑战，故选C。
25空：上文指出宇航员在太空面临诸多问题，失重影响身体是其中之一，选项F“此外，在小小的宇宙飞船里会让他们焦虑不安”补充了另一个太空问题，承接上文的“many problems”，故选F。
26空：下文围绕航天员的训练展开说明，此处需一个引出训练话题的句子，选项A“航天员是如何训练的？”作为小标题，符合语境，故选A。
27空：上文提到航天员有200多种训练，下文说明他们要学习科学知识并接受长期培训，选项E“这些包括锻炼和学习科学”承接上文的“训练”，明确训练的具体内容，故选E。
28空：下文详细介绍了水下训练的情况，选项D“最困难的部分之一是水下训练”引出下文的水下训练内容，故选D。
【答案】
24.C 25.F 26.A 27.E 28.D
【知识点】
阅读理解（阅读还原）、语篇逻辑衔接
【点评】
本题为阅读还原题型，主要考查学生对语篇主旨、上下文语境及逻辑关系的理解能力，要求学生结合前后文话题一致性和关键词匹配选择答案，难度适中，能有效检验学生的语篇理解水平。
【难度系数】
0.6