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五、跨学科生物 阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:动物科普 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some seabirds have a similar ability. They can make a map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field(磁场), while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have had no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act by humans may mean a lot to animals.
1. How can a certain kind of ants find their way?
A. By imagining the way.
B. By counting their steps.
C. By bringing food together.
D. By walking through a forest.
2. What does the underlined word "mystery" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Secret.
B. Choice.
C. Reason.
D. Feeling.
3. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Birds' Sense of Light
B. Fish's Sense of Smell
C. Animals' Sense of Direction
D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field
主题群:自然生态 子主题:动物科普 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it? Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert, so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It's like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some seabirds have a similar ability. They can make a map of their flying area. Some animals can sense the earth's magnetic field(磁场), while humans can't. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have had no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act by humans may mean a lot to animals.
1. How can a certain kind of ants find their way?
A. By imagining the way.
B. By counting their steps.
C. By bringing food together.
D. By walking through a forest.
2. What does the underlined word "mystery" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Secret.
B. Choice.
C. Reason.
D. Feeling.
3. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Birds' Sense of Light
B. Fish's Sense of Smell
C. Animals' Sense of Direction
D. Animals' Sense of Magnetic Field
答案
1. B 细节理解题。根据“A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知，一种蚂蚁能数自己的步子来避免迷路。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据“How can this kind of fish do that... Scientists have had no good answers yet.”可知，科学家至今还没有好的答案。也就是说，这仍然是一个秘密。
3. C 标题归纳题。本文列举了几个典型的动物能用自己的特殊能力判断方向的事例，因此用“动物的方向感”作为本文的标题是最合适的。
2. A 词义猜测题。根据“How can this kind of fish do that... Scientists have had no good answers yet.”可知，科学家至今还没有好的答案。也就是说，这仍然是一个秘密。
3. C 标题归纳题。本文列举了几个典型的动物能用自己的特殊能力判断方向的事例，因此用“动物的方向感”作为本文的标题是最合适的。
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、词义猜测、标题归纳三类题型。解题时，第1题需定位原文中关于蚂蚁导航方式的具体句子，直接匹配信息；第2题需结合上下文语境，根据后文科学家无答案的表述推断划线词含义；第3题需梳理全文核心内容，归纳最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知，一种蚂蚁通过数自己的步子来导航，对应选项B。
2. 词义猜测题：根据第三段“How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have had no good answers yet.”可知，科学家对这种鱼的导航方式没有答案，说明这是一个秘密，因此“mystery”意为“秘密”，对应选项A。
3. 标题归纳题：全文列举了蚂蚁、鱼、海鸟等动物的方向感相关能力，核心主题是动物的方向感，因此选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题、标题归纳题
【点评】
本文是跨学科的生物说明文，围绕动物的方向感展开，考查学生对原文细节的查找、语境词义的推断以及主旨的归纳能力，题目设置贴合初中英语阅读常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含细节理解、词义猜测、标题归纳三类题型。解题时，第1题需定位原文中关于蚂蚁导航方式的具体句子，直接匹配信息；第2题需结合上下文语境，根据后文科学家无答案的表述推断划线词含义；第3题需梳理全文核心内容，归纳最贴合的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost.”可知，一种蚂蚁通过数自己的步子来导航，对应选项B。
2. 词义猜测题：根据第三段“How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have had no good answers yet.”可知，科学家对这种鱼的导航方式没有答案，说明这是一个秘密，因此“mystery”意为“秘密”，对应选项A。
3. 标题归纳题：全文列举了蚂蚁、鱼、海鸟等动物的方向感相关能力，核心主题是动物的方向感，因此选C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节题、词义猜测题、标题归纳题
【点评】
本文是跨学科的生物说明文，围绕动物的方向感展开，考查学生对原文细节的查找、语境词义的推断以及主旨的归纳能力，题目设置贴合初中英语阅读常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
