四、(2025·河南中考)短文填空:阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you heard of Wu Daozi? He was one of the 1. (great) of all Chinese artists. He was known 2. his own way of painting with excellent skills.
Wu lived in 3. poor family when he was young. After his parents' death, his life became poorer. The young Wu had to work very hard 4. (support) himself. He began to learn painting from folk artisans(手艺人) at that time.
To learn to paint landscapes, Wu spent time 5. (travel) with a painter and went to many places with mountains and rivers. 6. three years of learning, he created the so-called shuti of landscape painting. Also, he became the first 7. (art) in Chinese art history to turn landscapes into a new kind of painting.
Besides landscapes, Wu was 8. (interest) in painting human figures(人物) too. He was 9. (especial) good at it.
Wu 10. (leave) behind more than 300 amazing murals(壁画). No wonder people consider him as the "Sage of Art(画圣)".

1. greatest 2. for 3. a 4. to support 5. travelling 6. After 7. artist 8. interested 9. especially 10. left

【分析】
做短文填空时，需结合语境、固定搭配、语法规则等逐一分析每个空：
1. 由one of的结构（one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数），可知此处用great的最高级；
2. 固定搭配be known for表示“因……而闻名”，符合语境；
3. 此处泛指“一个贫困的家庭”，poor以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a；
4. 努力工作的目的是养活自己，用不定式作目的状语，故填to support；
5. 固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth，故travel用动名词形式；
6. 结合语境“三年学习之后，他创作了……”，用介词After；
7. 此处表示“第一个艺术家”，需将art（艺术）转换为表示人的名词artist；
8. 固定搭配be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，故填interested；
9. 修饰形容词good需用副词，故将形容词especial转换为副词especially；
10. 描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，leave的过去式为left。
【解析】
1. 考查形容词最高级。one of后接“the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”，表示“最……之一”，故填greatest。
2. 考查固定搭配。be known for是固定短语，意为“因……而闻名”，故填for。
3. 考查冠词。此处泛指“一个贫困的家庭”，poor是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a，故填a。
4. 考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语，表“努力工作的目的是养活自己”，故填to support。
5. 考查固定搭配。spend time (in) doing sth是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填travelling。
6. 考查介词。结合语境“三年学习之后，他创作了山水画的‘体’”，表示“在……之后”用介词After，故填After。
7. 考查词性转换。此处表示“第一个艺术家”，需将名词art（艺术）转换为表示人的名词artist（艺术家），故填artist。
8. 考查固定搭配。be interested in是固定短语，意为“对……感兴趣”，故填interested。
9. 考查词性转换。此处修饰形容词good，需用副词，形容词especial的副词形式是especially，故填especially。
10. 考查动词时态。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，leave的过去式是left，故填left。
【答案】
1. greatest 2. for 3. a 4. to support 5. travelling 6. After 7. artist 8. interested 9. especially 10. left
【知识点】
形容词最高级用法、固定短语搭配、词性转换
【点评】
本题为河南中考短文填空题型，考查初中英语核心基础知识点，涵盖固定搭配、词形变化、语法结构等，难度适中，需要学生熟练掌握基础词汇与语法规则。
【难度系数】
0.7

五、任务型阅读:阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题。
When talking about the most famous scientists in China, Zhu Kezhen is certainly among them.
Zhu was born in 1890. He could read at the age of 2. From the story of Dripping Water Wears
Through a Stone,he learned that perseverance(坚持) is the key to success.
In 1910, Zhu went to study agriculture(农业) in the United States. Then, in 1913, he went to Harvard University to study meteorology(气象学). And five years later,he returned to China. In the following ten years, Zhu spent his time on meteorological work in the country. It was Zhu's dream to serve our nation with what he learned.
In the autumn of 1936, Zhu served as the head teacher of Zhejiang University. At an opening ceremony(典礼), he asked the new students two questions: First, what are you doing here? Second, what kind of person will you become after finishing your schoolwork? Later, he also gave a speech on the spirit of looking for the truth and a strict scientific attitude(态度).
Zhu compared himself to "a rustless screw*". His life is about finding the truth and learning new things.
"A rustless screw" usually describes a positive person who works hard for the country, though there are many difficulties and challenges.
1. Who is Zhu Kezhen?

2. When did Zhu Kezhen return to China?

3. What was Zhu's dream?

4. What spirit should scientists keep according to Zhu?

5. 新考法 写作顺序 In what order does the writer write the text?

1. He is one of the most famous scientists in China. 2. In 1918./He returned to China in 1918. 3. His dream was to serve our nation with what he learned. 4. Scientists should keep the spirit of looking for the truth. 5. The writer writes in the order of time.

【分析】
这是一道任务型阅读题，解题思路为：针对每个问题，先在短文中定位对应关键句子，提取句子中的有效信息，整理成符合要求的答案；对于写作顺序题，梳理文中出现的时间节点，判断写作顺序类型。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一句“When talking about the most famous scientists in China, Zhu Kezhen is certainly among them.”，提取关键信息得出答案；
2. 定位原文“Then, in 1913, he went to Harvard University to study meteorology. And five years later,he returned to China.”，计算1913+5=1918，得出回国时间；
3. 定位原文“It was Zhu's dream to serve our nation with what he learned.”，提取梦想内容；
4. 定位原文“Later, he also gave a speech on the spirit of looking for the truth and a strict scientific attitude.”，提取对应的精神；
5. 梳理文中出现的时间：1890年出生、1910年赴美国、1913年赴哈佛、1918年回国、1936年任浙大校长，按照时间先后顺序写作，得出答案。
【答案】
1. He is one of the most famous scientists in China.
2. In 1918./He returned to China in 1918.
3. His dream was to serve our nation with what he learned.
4. Scientists should keep the spirit of looking for the truth.
5. The writer writes in the order of time.
【知识点】
任务型阅读、细节理解、写作顺序
【点评】
本题考查学生对短文信息的定位与提取能力，以及对写作顺序的判断，属于基础任务型阅读题，学生仔细阅读原文即可解答。
【难度系数】
0.7